brain interface

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE

DEFINITIONA brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes

called a direct neural interface or a brain–machine interface, is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device.

TYPESInvasive Brain Computer Interfaces -implanted directly into the brain and has the

highest quality signals. -provide functionality to paralyzed people. Partially Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces -implanted inside the skull but outside the brain. Non Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces -gives a patient the ability to move muscle implants

and restore partial movement.

ELECTRIC BRAINOur brains are filled with neurons.Every time we think, move, feel or remember

something, our neurons are at work. That work is carried out by small electric signals

that zip from neuron to neuron as fast as 250 mph.

ELECTRIC BRAIN

BCI INPUT AND OUTPUTThe easiest and least invasive method is a set of

electrodes -- a device known as an electroencephalograph (EEG) -- attached to the scalp.

The electrodes can read brain signals.The electrodes measure minute differences in the voltage

between neurons. The signal is then amplified and filtered.

In current BCI systems, it is then interpreted by a computer program

BCI INPUT AND OUTPUT

BCI APPLICATIONSBCI is mainly used for severely disabled people.

NEUROPROSTHETICS Neuroprosthetics is an area of neuroscience concerned

with neural prostheses—using artificial devices to replace the function of impaired nervous systems or sensory organs.

The most widely used neuroprosthetic device is the cochlear implant.

There are also several neuroprosthetic devices that aim to restore vision, including retinal implants.

BCI VERSUS NEUROPROSTHETICS Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous

system to a device.BCIs usually connect the brain (or nervous

system) with a computer system.

APPLICATIONS OF BCIMedicineMilitaryManufacturingGamingSocial Potential

PROMINENT RESEARCH SUCCESSES

Yang Dan and colleagues' recordings of cat vision using a BCI implanted in the lateral geniculate nucleus (top row: original image; bottom row: recording)

ANIMAL BCI RESEARCH

HUMAN BCI RESEARCH

WHEELCHAIR ARM CONTROLLED BY THOUGHT ALONE

BCI IN AVATAR

BCI IN AVATAR

CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE‘Braingate’ brain computer interface takes

shapeATR and honda develops new brain computer

interfaceHitachi: commercial mind-machine interface by

2011Hat allows computer control by thoughtDream machine

BCI ADVANTAGESBCIs will help creating a Direct communication pathway

between a human or animal brain and any external devices like computers.

BCI has increased the possibility of treatment of disabilities related to nervous system along with the old technique of Neuroprosthetics.

Techniques like EEG, MEG and neurochips have come into discussions since the BCI application have started developing.

This has provided a new work area for scientists and researchers around the world.

BCI DRAWBACKSThe brain is incredibly complex.The signal is weak and prone to interference.The equipment is less than portable.

CONCLUSION Newly purchased computers will one day

arrive with biological signal sensors and thought-recognition software built in, just as keyboard and mouse are commonly found on today's units.