bomb identification & detection

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BOMB IDENTIFICATION BOMB IDENTIFICATION AND DETECTIONAND DETECTION

DefinitionDefinition::

Explosive – is any substance that when Explosive – is any substance that when subjected to heat, shock or friction will subjected to heat, shock or friction will undergo a very rapid decomposition that undergo a very rapid decomposition that transform into a more stable material, transform into a more stable material, characterized by the liberation of characterized by the liberation of tremendous amount of heat and almost tremendous amount of heat and almost always w/ the formation of gases, and a always w/ the formation of gases, and a sudden release of pressure that resulted sudden release of pressure that resulted to violent explosion.to violent explosion.

Can be broadly define as the sudden and violent Can be broadly define as the sudden and violent escape of gases from a confined space, escape of gases from a confined space, accompanied by a high temperature, violent shock accompanied by a high temperature, violent shock and a loud noise.and a loud noise.

EXPLOSIONEXPLOSION

DETONATIONDETONATION

It is a sudden escape of gases It is a sudden escape of gases accompanied by a loud noise.accompanied by a loud noise.

DEFLAGRATIONDEFLAGRATION

It is the reaction of a chemical It is the reaction of a chemical compound or the transformation compound or the transformation from solid gases whereby the speed from solid gases whereby the speed is relatively slow over a sustained is relatively slow over a sustained period. It is the very rapid burning period. It is the very rapid burning that never reaches detonation.that never reaches detonation.

DEFLAGRATION:DEFLAGRATION:

THREE BASIC TYPES OF THREE BASIC TYPES OF EXPLOSIONEXPLOSION

1.1. MECHANICAL EXPLOSION:MECHANICAL EXPLOSION:It can be illustrated by the gradual build-up It can be illustrated by the gradual build-up

of pressure in a steam boiler or pressure cooker.of pressure in a steam boiler or pressure cooker.

2.2. CHEMICAL EXPLOSION:CHEMICAL EXPLOSION:It is caused by the extremely rapid It is caused by the extremely rapid

conversion of a solid or liquid explosive conversion of a solid or liquid explosive compound into a gaseous form having a much compound into a gaseous form having a much greater volume than the substances from which greater volume than the substances from which they are generated.they are generated.

3.3. NUCLEAR EXPLOSION:NUCLEAR EXPLOSION:It maybe induced either by fission or It maybe induced either by fission or

fusion.fusion.

FISSION – the splitting of the FISSION – the splitting of the nuclei of atom. nuclei of atom.

FUSION – the joining together FUSION – the joining together under the great under the great

force of force of the nuclei of the nuclei of atom.atom.

THREE EFFECTS OF AN THREE EFFECTS OF AN EXPLOSIONEXPLOSION

1.1. BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:

When an explosive charge is When an explosive charge is detonated, a very hot expanding detonated, a very hot expanding gases are form in a period of gases are form in a period of approximately 1/10,000approximately 1/10,000thth of a of a second.second.

BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:

BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:

BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:BLAST PRESSURE EFFECT:

2. 2. FRAGMENTATION FRAGMENTATION EFFECT:EFFECT:

It occurs when the blast It occurs when the blast pressure effect of an pressure effect of an explosion breaks into pieces, explosion breaks into pieces, materials w/c had been a part materials w/c had been a part of the BOMB casing.of the BOMB casing.

FRAGMENTATION EFFECT:FRAGMENTATION EFFECT:

FRAGMENTATION EFFECT:FRAGMENTATION EFFECT:

3. THERMAL OR INCENDIARY 3. THERMAL OR INCENDIARY EFFECT:EFFECT:

The incendiary or thermal The incendiary or thermal effects produced by the effects produced by the detonation of a HE or LE w/c detonation of a HE or LE w/c varies greatly from one varies greatly from one explosive to another.explosive to another.

THERMAL/INCENDIARY THERMAL/INCENDIARY EFFECT:EFFECT:

THERMAL/INCENDIARY THERMAL/INCENDIARY EFFECT:EFFECT:

PHASES OF BLAST PHASES OF BLAST PRESSURE WAVEPRESSURE WAVE

1.1. POSITIVE PRESSURE PHASEPOSITIVE PRESSURE PHASE

2.2. NEGATIVE PRESSURE PHASENEGATIVE PRESSURE PHASE

POSITIVE PRESSURE POSITIVE PRESSURE PHASE:PHASE:

NEGATIVE PRESSURE NEGATIVE PRESSURE PHASE:PHASE:

TWO TYPES OF TWO TYPES OF EXPLOSIVESEXPLOSIVES

1.1. LOW EXPLOSIVES (LE)LOW EXPLOSIVES (LE)

are explosives that are explosives that deflagrate rather than to deflagrate rather than to detonate when initiated and it is detonate when initiated and it is very sensitive to shock, heat, very sensitive to shock, heat, friction & sun exposure.friction & sun exposure.

These Explosives ranges These Explosives ranges from:from:

a. Match head or Black powdera. Match head or Black powder

b. Propellant chargeb. Propellant charge

c. Pyrotechnic contentsc. Pyrotechnic contents

d. Signal illuminationd. Signal illumination

e. Filler charges for Small Arms e. Filler charges for Small Arms AmmoAmmo

f. Those explosives that produce no f. Those explosives that produce no detonation when initiated.detonation when initiated.

BLACK POWDER – is BLACK POWDER – is the oldest explosives the oldest explosives and propellant and propellant charges ever known.charges ever known.

BLACK POWDER:BLACK POWDER:

PROPELLANTSPROPELLANTS

are also low explosives are also low explosives which produces a pushing which produces a pushing effect when confined, it effect when confined, it propels the projectiles into propels the projectiles into the desired target from the the desired target from the muzzle or barrel of a given muzzle or barrel of a given guns.guns.

LOW EXPLOSIVE/LE:LOW EXPLOSIVE/LE:Propellant charge of Propellant charge of

MissilesMissiles

2. HIGH EXPLOSIVES (HE)2. HIGH EXPLOSIVES (HE)

are explosives that are explosives that detonates when initiated rather detonates when initiated rather than burn or those explode in an than burn or those explode in an instantaneous moment even on instantaneous moment even on unconfined situation.unconfined situation.

HIGH EXPLOSIVE/HE:HIGH EXPLOSIVE/HE:

Examples of High Examples of High ExplosivesExplosives

1. TNT1. TNT2. Comp C4 2. Comp C4 3. Comp B3. Comp B4. ANFO4. ANFO5. PETN5. PETN6. RDX6. RDX

TNT:TNT:

COMP C4:COMP C4:

COMP B:COMP B:

ANFO:ANFO:

PETN:PETN:

RDX:RDX:

CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPLOSIVESEXPLOSIVES

1. Availability1. Availability2. Sensitivity2. Sensitivity3. Stability3. Stability4. Density4. Density5. Hygroscopicity5. Hygroscopicity6. Volatility6. Volatility7. Toxicity7. Toxicity8. Reactivity & Compatibility8. Reactivity & Compatibility9. Brissance & Power9. Brissance & Power