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PublicacionesPeriódicas de
Ingenierías
O ¡;~L:.S;;'leSeptiembre 2011
Biblioteca Central
Boletín de tablas de contenidos de publicaciones en la biblioteca.
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Publishedbythe IEEEComputerSocietyhttp://www.computer.org/micro .,..
July/August2011 Volume31 Number4
Features
3 Guest Editors' Introduction: Big Chips
Andrew B. Kahng and Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan
6 Toward Dark Silicon in Servers
Nikos Hardavellas, Michael Ferdman, Babak Falsafi,and AnastasiaAilamaki
16 Scaling with Design Constraints: Predictingthe Future ot Big ChipsWeiHuang,Karthick Rajamani,Mircea R. Stan,and Kevin Skadron
30 Rigel: A 1,024-Core Single-Chip AcceleratorArch itectu re
Daniel R fohmon, Matthew R fohmon,fohn H Kelm,William Tuohy, StevenS. Lumetta, and SanjayJ Patel
42 MOPED: Accelerating Data Communicationon Future CM Ps
funli Gu, Yihe Sun, StevenS. Lumetta, and RakeshKumar
51 Physical Synthesis with Clock-NetworkOptimization tor Large Systems on ChipsDavid Papa, Natarajan Viswanathan, Cliff Sze,Zhuo Li,Gi-foon Nam, CharlesAlpert, and Igor 1. Markov
63 Attaining Single-Chip, High-Performance Computingthrough 3D Systems with Active Cooling
AyseK Coskun,fie Meng, David Atienza,and Mohamed M Sabry
Departments2 From the Editor in Chiet
Big Chips and Beyond
74 ProlegomenaWhat GPU Computing Means for High-End Systems
80 Micro EconomicsAn Honest Policy Wonk
Compurer Society Information, p. 1Advertising/Product Index, p. 29
COV" artwork by Peter Nagypeternagy@earthiink.net
On the WebWWW.coRlputer.org/Rlicro
Formoreinformationon computingtopics,visit the ComputerSocietyDigitalLibraryat
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IN THIS ISSUE
16Guest Editors'Introduction
Social Networkingin the EnterpñseSun;1 M;thas, Thomas Costello,and AIi Taft;
18Motivations forSocial ComputingV;shal Sachdev
Organizations tryingto leveragethe socialcomputing phenomenonin their enterprises mustmotivate knowledgeworkers to contributeand share knowledge.A new framework fordesigning interfaces helpsdetermine which featureswill motivate users tocontribute.
24Social Networkingin KnowledgeManagementStephen Andersonand Kannan Mohan
Can enterprises useWeb 2.0 technologiesto improve the outputof knowledge workers?A study of four knowledge-intensive firms offersinsight into their use ofsocial networking forknowledge managementand the challenges itpresents.
29SuperchargingEnterprise 2.0Konstantinos Chr;st;d;s,
Gregor;s Mentzas,
and O;m;tr;s Apostolou
Semantic and linked-data technologies arekey to leveraging Enter-prise 2.0. Integratingsuch technologies intoa mainstream contentmanagement systemcan bring relevantinformation to employees,encourage innovation,and increase businessperformance.
36Foreign-Born ITWorkers in the US:Complements,not SubstitutesHenry C. Lucas, Jr.and Sunil M;thas
A study of over 50,000IT professionals sugg-ests that efforts torestrict the numbersof skilled foreign profes-sionals working in theUS and foreign studentsseeking higher educationin US universities arecounterproductive.
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41 46Business Investmentsin IT:ManagingIntegration RisksChrisAsakiewicz
Sharing MedicalRecords: The XDSArchitecture andCommunicationInfrastructureRita Noumeir
Organizations investhundreds of millions ofdollars in IT infrastructureand applications to reducecosts and enhance pro-ductivity. Benefiting fromsuch investments requiresidentifying and mitigatingintegration risks associatedwith IT-enabled business-process changes.
Learn how the Cross-Enterprise DocumentSharing (XDS) integrationprofile helped provide theinteroperability neces-sary to deploy electronichealth records, givinghealthcare providers ac-cess to medical recordsregardless of location orinstitution.
COLUMNSAND DEPARTMENTS
4 From the Editors
Physical Presencethrough Virtual WorldsIrenaBojanova
6 Trends
Ender Wiggin Played Mafia Wars TooPhil/ip A. Laplante
9 Insecure IT
Vetting Mobile AppsSteveauirolgico,Jeffrey Voas,andRick Kuhn
12Smart IT
Toward a User-Centric Digital EcosystemMi/eCo"igan and H. Gilbert Mil/er
53 IT in Emerging MarketsConnecting the Next Billion:Empowering Rural IndiaAshok Jhunjhunwala and Janani Rangarajan
56 PerspectivesThe Evolution of Ubiquitously IntelligentComputingGeorgeHurlburtandJeffrey Voas
64 CIOComerSocial Media for the CollaborativeEnterpriseBeverly Prohaska
35 IEEECS Ihformation
55 Advertiser Index
:;'~~::.Calls for Papers: Mobile Health Technologies;IT in Emerging Markets
On the Web: compute¡-,o¡-g/itpl'oFor more information on computing topics, visit the ComputerSociety Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.
JULv/AUGUST 2011VOLUME9, NUMBER4
IEEE
PRIVACYBUILDING DEPENDABILlTY, RELlABILlTY, AND TRUST
Toward Scalable TrustworthyComputing Using the Human-Physiology-Immunity MetaphorLEE HIVELY, FREDERICKSHELDON,
AND ANNA ÜNZIA SQUICCIARINI
FeaturesTrustworthy Computing
14
Achieving scalable trustworthy computing is
possible through real-time knowledge-based
decisions about cybertrust. This vision is based
on the human-physio/ogy-immunity metaphor
and the human brain's ability to extract
knowledge from data and information.
Intrusion-Tolerant Systems
24
Ethics
32
COVERARTWORKBYGlACOMOMARCHESI.WWW.GIACOMOMARCHESI.COM
A Comparison of Intrusion-TolerantSystem Architectures
QUYENL. NGUYENAND ARUN SOOD
With the advancing sophistication of security 41attacks, protecting open systems is increasingly
challenging. Intrusion tolerance should be
part of overall in-depth security. This article
compares three types of intrusion-tolerant system
architectures.
Threat Modeling
Developer-DrivenThreat Modeling:Lessons,Learnedin the TrenchesDANNYDHILLON
This article describes EMe's real-world
experiences with threat modeling, including
major challenges encountered, lessons learned,
and a description of the company's current
developer-driven approach..
Building an ActiveComputer Security Ethics CommunityDAVID DITTRICH,MICHAELBAILEY,AND SVENDIETRICH
In spite of significant ethical challenges faced
by researchers evaluating modern threats, the
computer security field has yet to grow its own
active ethics community to describe and evaluate
the ethical implications of its work.For moro information on computing tapies,
visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www.computer.org/csdl.
Postmaster: Send undelivered copies and address changes to IEEESecurity & Privacy, Membership Processing Dept., IEEEService Center, 445 Hoes lane, Pisca-taway. NJ 08854-4141. Periodicals postage rate paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Canadian GST #125634188. Canada Post PublicationsMaU Agreement Number 40013885. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to PO Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON l2E 6S8. Printed in the USA. Circulatlon: IEEESecurlly & Privacy(ISSN 1540-7993) is published bimonthly by the IEEEComputer Society.IEEE Headquarters, Three ParkAve., 17th Floor. NewYork, NY 10016-5997; IEEEComputer Society Publications Office, 10662 los Vaqueros Cirele, los Alamitos. CA 90720-1314, phone +1 714821 8380; IEEEComputer SocietyHeadquarters, 2001 l St., Sle. 700, Washington, D.e. 20036. 5ubscription rates: IEEEComputer Sociely members get the lowesl rates and choice of mediaoption-S31/61/965 US memberlsister society/nonmember institutional print + online. Go to www.eomputer.org/subseribe to order and tor more intormationon other subseription prices. Baekissues: $20 tor members and $161 tor nonmembers. IEEESecurity & Privacy iseopublished by the IEEEComputer and ReliabilitySocieties. For more intormation on eomputing topies, visit the Computer Society Digitallibrary at www.computer.org/csdl.
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f~SUSW<A8lEC.rtifi,dRb.~fORESTR'( Sourclng" IHIWM__ I' '
DepartmentsFrom the Editors
3 ADoctrinalThesisFRED B. SCHNEIDER AND DElRDRE K. MUlllGAN
News
6 News Briefs
LEE GARBER
Interview
9 SilverBulletTalkswithjohn SavageGARY MCGRAW
Education
48 Embracingthe Kobayashi Maru: Why YouShould Teach Your Students to Cheat
GREGORY CONTI AND IAMES CAROLAND
On the Horizon
52 Trust Managementin the PervasiveComputing EraDENIS TRéEK
Privacy Interests
56 Was Stuxnet an Act of War?
Decoding a CyberattackDAVID P. FIDLER
Crypto Corner
60 Room at the Bottom: Authenticated
Encryption on Slow Legacy NetworksSEAN W. SMITH
ColumnsFor Good Measure
85 AttackSurfaceInflationDANIEL E. GEER IR.
ClearText
88 EisenhowerRevisitedDANIEL E. GEER IR.
SECURE SYSTEMS, P. 71
BasicTraining
64 Securityas if People MatteredTARA WHALEN
Attack Trends
68 Mobile Attacks and Defense
CHARLlE MILLER
Secure Systems
71 A Failure-Based Discipline
of Trustworthy Information SystemsMICHAELE. LOCASTO AND MATTHEW C. LITTLE
Security & Privacy Economics
76 Reading:From Paper to PixelsMICHAEL LESK
Building Security In
80 Resilient Security Architecture:A Complementary Approachto Reducing VulnerabilitiesIOHN DIAMANT
13,51677886
Calls for PapersIEEE Computer SocietyInformationIEEEReliability Society InformationAdvertiser Index
IEEE--
VOLUME3 NUMBER3
FAll 2011
- .- -----~ ~-- -_.~
IEEE
IntelligentTransportationSystems_FEATURES
6 The Attentive Co-Pilot:Towardsa ProactiveBiologically-InspiredAdvanced DriverAssistance SystemThomas Mlchalke and Robert Kastner
24 Modeling Dynamic3D Environmentsby Means 01The StixelWorldDavid Pfeiffer and Uwe Franke
DEPARTMENTS & COLUMNS
2 EDITOR'SCOLUMN4 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
38 ITS EVENTS41 SOCIETY NEWS
44 BOOK REVIEW46 CALENDAR
Digital Objectldenti!ier 10.1109/MITS.20//. 941909
Date ofpublication: 19Angust2011
IEEEINTELlIGENTTRANSPORTATIONSYSTEMSMAGAZINE
IFALL 2011
VOLUME3 NUMBER3
FALL2011
....
ON THECOVER:ClSTOCKPHOTO.COMINARVIKK
IEEE Inte/ligent Transportation SystemsMagazine (ISSN 1939-1390) (IITSBO) ispublished quarterly by The Institute ofElecbicaI and Electronics Engineers, !nc.Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 171h Floor,New York,NY 10016-5997,USA+1 2124197900. Responsibility for Ihe contents restsupon Ihe aulhors and not upon Ihe IEEE,the Society, or its members. The maga-zine is a membership benefit of Ihe IEEE!ntelligent 1ransportation Systems Society,and subscriptions are included in Societyfee. Replacement copies for members areavailable for $20 (one copy only). Nonmem-bers can purchase individual copies for$94.00. Nonmember subscription pricesare available on request. Copyright andReprint Permissions: Abstracting is permit-ted wilh credit to Ihe source. Libraries arepermiued to photocopy beyond Ihe limitsof the U.S. Copyright law for private useof patrons: 1) Ihose post-1977 arUeles Ihatcarry acode at Ihe bottom of Ihe first page,provided Ihe per-copy fee indicated in Ihecode is paid through Ihe Copyright Clear-ance Center, 222 RosewoodDrive, Danvers,MA 01970, USA;and 2) pre-1978 articleswilhout fee. For olher copying, reprint, orrepublication permission, write to: Copy-rights and Permissions Department, IEEEService Center, 445 Hoes Lane, PiscatawayNJ 08854 U.S.A.Copyright @2011 by TheInstitute of Elecbical and Electronics Engi-neers, !nc. All rights reserved. PeriodicaIspostage pending. Posbnaster: Send addresschanges to IEEE Intelligent 1hmsportationSystems Magazine, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.Canadian GST#125634188 Prinled in USA
SCOPE-IEEE Inte/ligent TransportationSystems Magazines publishes peer-reviewedarticles Ihat provide innovative researchideas and application results, report sig-nificant application case studies, and raiseawareness of pressing research and appli-cation challenges in all areas of intelli-gent transportation systems and generalinformation Ihat is relevant to Ihe IEEEIntelligent 1ransportation Systems Society,such as conference announcements, bookreviews, and ITS-related standards.
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jSUSTAlNABlE Promolir:ltSUIt8in,bI,FOOSm forlStMIIIIGtmIIIt
INITIATM _..sfiprogrlm.Ofg -=- -
fJULY/AUGUST 2011
i
AI's Hall of Fame
GPU-Based CloudComputing in ITS
Automated InteractiveSales. Pfocesses
..~
P U T T , NG A' , N T o P R A e T , e E
+IEE E ~co¡f¡puter. soclety
www.computer.org/intelligent
JULY/AUGUST 2011 Vo/ume 26, Number 4
I
IEEE Intelligent 5ystems pro vides peer-reviewed,
]
cutting-edge articles on the theory and application of systems
that perceive, reason, learn, and act intelligently.
SocialComputingandCulturalModeling29 Guest Editors' Introduction
Rebecca Goolsby and Chandra Curtis
32 Why Do Users Employ the Same System in So Many Different Ways7Justin Fidock and Jennie Carroll
40
48Features
5462
Representation and Comprehension in Machine Translationand Intelligent Decision SupportRobert S. Bolia and Raymond E.Slyh
Spectral Regression with Low-Rank Approximation for DynamicGraph LinkPredictionChunsheng (Victor) Fang, Mojtaba Kohram, and Anca L.Ralescu
8
Fei-YueWangIntroduction
Edward FeigenbaumEngineeringKnowledgeJohn McCarthyLogicand CommonSense
Marvin MinskyCognitiveScienceandAI
91011
12
Postmaster: Send undelivered copies and addresschanges to IEEE Intelligent 5ystems, MembershipProcessing Dept., IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane,
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Reuse Rights and Reprint Permissions: Educationalor personal use of this material is permitted without fee,provided such use 1) is not made for profit, 2) ineludesthis notice and a full citation to the original work on
Automated Interactive Sales ProcessesTomas Klos,Koye Somefun, and Han LaPoutré
Knowledge Consolidation and Inference in the IntegratedNeuro-Cognitive ArchitectureRichard J. Oentaryo and Michel Pasquier
Hallof Fame
567
Douglas Engelbart :Aland InteractiveComputingTim Berners-LeeCollectiveKnowledgeLotfi ZadehFuzzy Logic andComputationallntelligence
Noam ChomskyComputational Linguisticsand Cognitive Science
the first page of the copy,and 3)does not implyIEEEendorsement of any third-party products or services.Authors and their companies are permitted to post theaccepted version of IEEE-copyrightedmaterial on theirown Web servers without permission, provided that theIEEEcopyright notice and a full citation to the originalwork appear on the first screen of the posted copy.
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1314
Raj ReddyAl and SocietallmpactJudea PearlProbability, Causality,and IntelligenceNils J. NilssonProblem Solving andPlanning
15
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2 A Letter from the EditorFei-Yue Wang
A Question for AAAl: Does Al Need a Reboot?
News
Anteing up for PokerBotsUsingAl to Catch CriminalsAllmproves Robotic Sensors
Intelligent Transportation SystemsKaiWangand ZhenShenArtificial Societies and GPU-BasedCloud Computingfor lntelligent Transportation Management
Expert OpinionQingshiGaoand XiaoyuGaoA Theoretic System for Unified Linguistics: An lntroduction
Trends & Controversies
HsinchunChen,Judee K.Burgoon,DouglasC.Derrick,AaronElkins,AntonioSanfilippo,and LiamMcGrathSocial lntelligence and Cultural Awareness
Cyber-Physieal-Social SystemsZhong Liu, Dong-sheng Yang, Ding Wen, Wei-ming Zhang,
and Wenji Mao
Cyber-Physical-Social Systems for Command and Control
31
61
Adlndex
IEEEComputerSociety Information
SOCIAL.GOM~UTING&GULTURAkMODELlNG
] ~ ...... 11 r:JJ .. e11 !ti Dt:Jrf
Cover iIIustration: David Angel
Circulation: IEEEIntelligent Systems (l55N1541-1672)is publishedbimonthly bythe IEEEComputer 50ciety.IEEE Headquarters, ThreePark Ave., 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997; IEEE Computer50ciety Publications Office, 10662 Los Vaqueros Cirde, Los Alamitos,CA 90720-1314, phone +1 714821 8380; IEEE Computer 50cietyHeadquarters, 2001 L 5t., 5te. 700, Washington, D.C. 20036-4910.Subscription rates: IEEE Computer 50ciety members get thelowest subscription rate of U5$48 per year, which ineludes printedissues plus online access to all issues published since 1988. Go to
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AN AAAI SPONSORED .lOURNAL
Editor in ChlelFei-Yue Wang
ChineseAcademy01SciencesAssoclale Edltors In Chiel
HslnchunChenUniversity01Arizona
Daniel ZengUniversity01Arizona
Editor In Chlel EmerltusJamesHendler
RensselaerPolytechnicInstitutehendler@cs.rpLedu
EDITORIAL BOARD
RussBlaglo Allman EnrlcoMottaStanlord Universily OpenUniversilyRlchard Benjamlns NatashaNoy
TelelónicaR&D Stanlord UniversitySlIvla Coradeschl LynneParkerGrebroUniversity University01TennesseeUlrlch Furbach TerryPayne
University01Koblenz University01SouthamplonYolandaGil RaymondPerrault
University01Southern SRllnternationalCalilornia Alun PreeceAshok Goel Cardill University
GeorgiaInstitute DavidSkllllcorn01Technology Queen'sUniversityCanada
JamesV. Hansen AlessandroSperdutlBrighamYoungUniversity University01Padova,Italy
Robert R. Hoffman Steffen StaabInstitule lor Human UniversityKoblenz-Landau
and MachineCognition RonaldYagerSubbaraoKambhampatl lona CollegeArizonaSlateUniversity QlangYang
Hlroakl Kltano HongKongSonyComputerScience University01Science
Laboratories andTechnologyEe.PengLlm Junplng lhang
SingaporeManagement FudanUniversityUniversity HallhugeSeanLuke ChineseAcademy01Sciences
GeorgeMasonUniversity ChengqlnglongWenjl Mao NationalLab~r~toryo! Pattern
ChineseAcademy01Sciences RecogmtlOn,China
ADVISORY BOARD
James Hendler(chalr)RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute
RlchardJ. Ooyle PeterNorvlgJetPropulsionLab Google
OleterFensel DanielE.G'LearyUniversity01Innsbruck University
C.LeeGlles 01SouthernCaliforniaPennsylvaniaState NlgelShadbolt
Universily Universily01SouthamplonHaymHlrsh RudlStuder
RutgersUniversity University01KarlsruheErlcHorvltz WllllamR.Swartout
MicrosoftResearch UniversityRobertLaddaga 01SouthernCaliforniaBBNTechnologies AustlnTate
RlchardH.Lathrop University01EdinburghUniversity DavidL.Waltz
01Calilornia,Irvine ColumbiaUniversity
es MAGAZINEOPERATlONS eOMMITTEE
DoréeDuncanSeligmann(chair),ErikR. Allman, IsabelBeichl,KrishnenduChakrabarty,NigelDavies,SimonLiu,DejanMilojiéié,MichaelRabinovich,ForrestShull,
John R. Smith,GabrielTaubin,RonVetter,JohnViega,Fei-YueWang,Jeffrey R.Yost
es PUBUCATIONS BOARD
DavidA.Grier(chair),AlainApril,DavidBader,AngelaR.Burgess,Jim Cortada,HakanErdogmus,
Frank E.Ferrante, Jean-Luc Gaudiol, Paolo Montuschi,
DoréeDuncanSeligmann,Linda1.Shaler,SteveTanimoto,GeorgeThiruvathukal
fljRCS_8e~=THE BltITlSH COI,I'UTER SOCIETY
IEEE JULY/AUGUST2011
esof Computers
http://www.computer.org/dt
__~_"LJ-SlIecis/lssue111
IPIlJl-,asellJleee/e,al;,n"Sci,nlilil:C,n;I"in,
· DesigningCustomArithmeticDataPaths.High-LevelLanguagesforCFDSimulations· DataReorganizationandPrefetchingofDataStructures.End-to-EndToolFlowforScientificComputing
· CyberphysicalSystems:WorkloadModelingandDesignOptimization
IEEE ter~comp~oclety Q
CAS
+IEEE '....
.'~
'~;
Special Issue
6 G uest Editors' Introduction:Surveying the Landscape
01 FPGA Accelerator ResearchGeorge A. Constantinidesand Nicola Nicolici
Copublished by the
IEEEComputer Society
and the IEEECircuits and
Systems Society
18
28
38
48
8 Numerical Data Representa.tions lor FPGA.Based
Scientilic ComputingGeorge A. Constantinides,Adam B. Kinsman, and Nicola Nicolici
Designing CustomArithmetic Data Paths
with FloPoCoFlorent de Dinechin and Bogdan Pasca
High.Level Languages, and Floating.Point
Arithmetic lor FPGA.BasedCFD SimulationsDiego Sanchez-Roman, Gustavo Sutter,Sergio Lopez-Buedo, Ivan Gonzalez,FranciscoJ Gomez-Arribas,Javier Aracil,and Francisco Palacios
Data Reorganization andPreletching 01 Pointer-
Based Data StructuresJoonseokParkand PedroC.Diniz
FPGA.Based ParticleRecognition in the HADES
ExperimentMingLui,ZhonghaiLu, WolfgangKilhn,and Axel Jantsch
58
68
July/August 2011Volume 28 Number 4
http://www .computer .org/dt
Computational MassSpectrometry in a
Reconligurable CoherentCoprocessing ArchitectureDevi Sravanthi Yalamarthy,Joel Coburn,Glen Edwards, Mark Kelly, -and Rajesh K Gupta
An End.to.End Tool Flowlor FPGA.Accelerated
Scientilic ComputingGreg Stitt, Alan George, Herman Lam,Melissa Smith, Vikas Agganval,Gongyu Wang, James Coole,Casey Reardon, Brian Holland,and Seth Koehler
Other Features
78
88
CYberphysical Systems:Workload Modeling
and Design OptimizationPaul Bogdan and Radu Marculescu
$ peeding Up Emulation.Based Diagnosis
Techniques lor Logic CoresShyue-KungLu, Yin-MouChen,Shi-}ÚHuang,and Cheng-WenWu
ISSN0740-7475
I lI
¡ '.
Tf-1E IBM PC30- YEAR
RETROSP~ECTIVE
CS ELECTION CANDIDATES, P.65
IEEE PRESIDENT-ELECT CANDIDATES, P. 75
IEEE ter~comp~oClety
U1.....:zL.IJ.....:zeu
Coiñcompo,.,p,oüle rI;!w. eom puter. org leo mpu ter
CDVERFEATURES
19[j
A Personal History of theIBMPCDavid BradleyThe development of the IBMPCwas anexciting time-a brand-new design, a shortdesign schedule, and lots of things to gowrong. An insider recalls the things thathappened, the problems solved, and theinteresting adventures along the way.
26[j
IBMPC Retrospective:There Was Enough Right toMake It WorkGreg GothMark Dean, a participant in the originallBM PCdesign team, looks back 30 years to review theevents that led to the design of a very "un-IBM"computer-a small device that used hardwareand software from outside vendors and madethe logic and BIOScode available to anybody.
34 The IBMPersonal Computer:A Software-Driven MarketEdward Bride
Instead of designing the fastest or mostpowerful computing platform based on newtechnology, IBMchose the fastest path tomarket, creating its product from alreadyavailable parts and signing up with acommunity of independent software vendorsto provide the operating system, tools, and alibrary of applications.
ABDUTTHISISSUE
1t's been 30 years since the first IBMPC changedcomputing history. We in the computer industry
have a notoriously short collective memory, but nowand again it's wise to take a look back, to honor the pio-neers for their contributions, and also to see wheredecisions made a long time ago still resonate today. Inthis issue, IBMersDave Bradley and Mark Dean give theinside story of the creation of the IBMPC,Edward Bridediscusses early PC software, and Intel's Gurbir Singhtalks about the chips inside.
O See www.computer.org/computer-multimedia for multimedia contentrelated to the features in this issue.
40[j
The IBMpc: The Silicon StoryGurbir SinghThe longevity of the IBMPCarchitecture, whichhas had an enormous impact on the evolution ofboth personal computers and server systems,can be attributed largely to its backwardcompatibility with existing softwareapplications.
CDMPUTINGPRACTICES
46 Remote Display Solutions forMobile Cloud ComputingPieter Simoens, Filip De Turck, Bart Dhoedt,and Piet Demeester
Proposed optimization techniques address themajor challenges that varying wireless channel
, conditions, short battery lifetime, and: interaction latency pose for the remote displayof cloud applications on mobile devices.
PERSPECTIVES
55 Using MathematicalModeling in Provisioninga Heterogeneous CloudComputing EnvironmentSungkap Veo and Hsien-Hsin S. LeeMathematical models demonstrate that toachieve optimal performance in aheterogeneous cloud infrastructure, the slowestnode's response time should be no more thanthree times that of the fastest node.
For more information on computing topies, visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/csdl.
IEEE(omputerSociety:http://computer.org(omputer:http://computer.org/computercomputer@computer.orgIEEE(omputerSocietyPublicationsOffice:+1 7148218380
Flagship Publica tia n af the IEEECamputer Saciety
August 2011, Volume 44, Number 8 11
6 The Known WorldThe Chicken BusDavid Alan Grier
9 32 & 16 Years AgoComputer,August 1979 and 1995Neville Holmes
11 Patent LawTenThingsto KnowWhenYourPatentApplication15PendingBrianM. Gatfand Catherine J. Toppin
NEWS13 Technology News
OpenFlow:The Next Generationof the Network?
Steven J.Vaughan-Nichols
16 News Briefs
MEMBERSHIPNEWS63 Fromthe Presidents of
the IEEEComputer Societyand ACM
6S IEEEComputer SocietyElection
7S IEEEPresident-ElectCandidates
81 Call and Calendar
COLUMNS
93 Entertainment ComputingStereoscopic Technologies and Effects
John Bryant and Jason Bay
96 Software TechnologiesKnowledge Representation and Reasoning forIntelligent Software SystemsEmil Vassev and Mike Hinchey
100 Invisible ComputingInteractiveComputingon Wheels
Manfred Tscheligi, Alexander Meschtscherjakov,and David Wilfinger
103 Discovery AnalyticsUsingDataMining to Help Design SustainableProducts
Manish Marwah, Amip Shah, Cullen Bash,Chandrakant Patel, and Naren Ramakrishnan
107 EducationToward Developing an Education App StoreCharles Severance
112 The ProfessionThe Cultural Potential of KeyboardsNeville Holmes
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SEPTEMBER2011
VOLUME 6 NUMBER 3
www.vtsociety.org
~IJ Ir
c/Electric CarsHerefaSfay
(~C>~)WIRELESS WORLD
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VOLUME 6 NUMBER 3
www.vtsociety.org
ECOGEM: A EuropeanFramework-7 Project,pp. 22-26
W'RELESS W «f=~'1I1E.uC~~~~IJM
WWRF SpecialSection,pp. 52-98
Maximum Permissible
Rail Potential,pp. 99-105
FEA TURES
22 ECOGEM:A European Framework-7 ProjectToward Cooperative and Intelligent Optimization of Travel
Planning and Energy Saving for Drivers of Fully Electric Vehicles
Jianmin Jiang, James Charles, and Konstantinos Demestichas
27 Impact of Mounting Blocks 00 DrivabilityStudy on an Electric VehicleBenjaminEl/erand Jean-Fran~oisHetet
34 CarInteriorNoiseSound Quality Analysis Using Design of ExperimentShumingChenandDengfengWang
43 Toward Realistic Simulatioo ofIntervehicle CommunicatiooModels, Techniques, and PitfallsFalkoDressler,ChristophSommer,DavidEckhoff,and OzanK Tonguz
52 OpportunisticNetworksAn Approach for Exploiting Cognitive Radio NetworkingTechnologies in the Future InternetVera Stavroulak~ Kostas Tsagkaris, Marios Logothetis, Andreas Georgakopoulos,Panagiotis Demestichas, Jens Gebert, and MarÓn Filo
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60 A Novel Modulatio~:Sensing MethodRemedy for Uncertainty Around the
Practical Use of Cognitive Radio Technology
Jide Julius Popoola and Rex van Olst
70 KeepingIdeotity PrivateEstablishing Trust in the Physical andDigital World for Identity Management SystemsJosephK Adjei andHenningOlesen
80 Social Unk AppA New Communication Paradigm Empowering Mobile UsersKlausDavid,SianLunLau,and Bemd NiklasKlein
Digilal Objeclldenlifier 10. 1109/MVf.2011.941886
Cover image credit-@ istockphotos.com/pagadesign
1111SEPTEMBER2011 I IEEEVEHICULARTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE
~/Ef!.. SOLlO-sTATE
CIRCUI- ~MAtiALINE.
SUMMER2011VOL.3 .NO. 3
www.ieee.org/sscs-news
FEA TURES
8 TheMakingofthe President,1999For Kenneth Laker, a synergy betweencareer and IEEEservice.
By KennethR. Laker
17 High QualityKen Laker's pioneering researchon surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters.By PaulH. Carr
20 The Right stuffA visionary IEEEvolunteerand inspiring role model.ByJanVan der Spiegel
24 A Resonant InfluenceKen Laker's impact on his field,his students, and IEEE.
By T.R. Viswanathan
Digita/ Objecl/denlifier 1O.1l09/MSSC.2011.941616
- ---
ABOUT THIS IMAGE:The 1999 IEEEBoard of Directors. Find out who sat on the board in
"The Making of the President, 1999."
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VOLUME 28 NUMBER 5
CONTENTS
SPECIALSECTION-SIGNALPROCESSINGFORFINANCIALAPPLlCATIONS
14 FROM THE GUEST EDITORS
IIya Pollak, Marco Avellaneda,
Emmanuel Bacry, Rama Cont,
and Sanjeev Kulkarni
61 PORTFOUO RISK IN MULTIPLEFREQUENCIESMustafaU.Torun, AliN.Akansu,andMarcoAvellaneda
16 STATISTICALMODEUNGOF HIGH-FREQUENCYFINANCIAL DATARama Cont
12 TIME-SERIES MODELSOF DYNAMIC VOLATlUTYAND CORRELATlONDavidS. Mattesonand DavidRuppert
26 THE SCIENCE BEHIND RISKMANAGEMENT
Douglas E. lohnston andPetar M. Djurié
83 BUSINESSANALYTICS BASEDON FINANCIAL TIME SERIESKush R.VarshneyandAleksandraMojsilovié
37 MULTlFAaOR MODELSEmmanuelle lay, Patrick Duvaut,Serge Darolles, and Arnaud Chrétien
FEATURE
49 A SUBSPACEAPPROACHTO PORTFOUO ANALYSISGirish Ganesan
94 AESTHETlCS ANDEMOTlONS IN IMAGESDhiraj loshi, Ritendra Datta,Elena Fedorovskaya,Quang-TuanLuong, lames Z.Wang,lia Li, andlieboLuo
COVER CGET1YIMAGE5IPHOTOSINDIACOLUMNS
2 FROM THE EDITORNew Honor; New Initiatives,and New Impact To ComeLi Deng
6 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGESPS Publications Excel
Mostafa (Mos) Kaveh
8 SPECIAL REPORTSSignal Processing: The Driving.ForceBehind Smarter; Sater; and MereConnectedVehicles .
John Edwards
SCOPE: IEEE Signal Prrxessing Magazine publishes tutorial-style articles on signol processing research and applications, as well as
columns and forums on issues of interes!. lis coverage ranges from fundamental principies lo practica! implementation, reflecting
Ihe multidimensionaI facets of interests and concerns of Ihe community. 115 mission is lo bring up-to-date, emerging and active
technical developmenls, issues, and events to Ihe research, educational, and professional communities. It is also Ihe main Societycommunication platform addressing important issues conceming all members.
IEEESIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE (lSSN 1053-5888) (lSPREG)ispublishedbimonthlybythe InstituteofElectricalandElectronics Engineers, Inc., 3 Park Avenue, 17th Flcor, NewYork,NY 10016-5997 USA(+1 2124197900). Responsibility for thecontenls rests upon the authors and not the IEEE, the Society, or ils members. Annual member subscriptions included inSociety fee. Nonmember subscriptions avaHable upon reques!. Individual copies: IEEE Members $20.00 (first copy only), non-members $141.00 per copy. Copyright and Reprint Permissions: Abstracting is permitted wilh credit to Ihe source. Libraries arepermitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. Copyright Law for private use of patrons: 1) those post-1977 articles thatcarry acode at the bottom of Ihe first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through Ihe CopyrightClearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923 USA;2) pre-1978 articles wilhout fee. Instructors are permitted tophotocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. For all other copying, reprint, or republication per-mission, write to IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway,NJ 08854 USA.Copyright@201l by the Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers, Inc. AlI righls reserved. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY,and at additional mailing offices.Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.Canadian GST#125634188Printed in the U.S.A.
Digilal Objeclldentifier 10.1l09/MSP.201l.941504 ~Certified Chain of Cust
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116 APPUCATlONS CORNERFinancial Applications otNonextensive EntropyNikolaGradojevicand Ramazan Gen~y
122 DSP EDUCATIONIncorporating FinancialApplicationsin Signal Processing CurriculaIIyaPollak
126 LEauRE NOTESSpeech Recognition, MachineTranslation, and SpeechTranslation-A Unitied DiscriminativeLeaming ParadigmXiaodongHe and Li Deng
134 DSPTlPS & TRICKSA Simple Algorithm torFitting a Gaussian FunctionHongwei Guo
138 BESTOF THE WEBTechWare:FinancialDataandAnalytic ResourcesXiao-Ping (Steven) Zhangand David Kedmey
142 BOOK REVIEWSSteganographyin DigitalMedia:Principies,Algorithms, andApplicationsMauro Barni
Sparse Image and Signal Processing:Wavelets, Curvelets, MorphologicalDiversityMichael B. Wakin
Statistics and Data Analysistor Financial EngineeringIIya Pollak
160 IN THE SPOTUGHT
"Trends" Expert Overview SessionsRevived at ICASSP 2011
A11e-lanvan der Veen and Jose C. Principe
Audio and Acoustic Signal ProcessingMalcolm Slaney and Patrick A.Naylor
Signal Processing tor Networkingand CommunicationsShuguang (Robert) Cui, RobertW. Heath lr., and Geert Leus
Signal Processing Theory and MethodsA.M.Zoubir, V.Krishnamurthy,and A.H. Sayed
Sensor Array and MultichannelSignal ProcessingJian Li,Brian M.Sadler,and MatsViberg
DEPARTMENT
IEEESIGNAlPROCESSINGMAGAZINE [1] SEPTEMBER2011
148 DATESAHEAD
.;"Ef!.. '50LlO-sTATE
CIRCUI-SUMMER2011
VOL. 3 .NO. 3
www.ieee.org/sscs-news-J"OMAriÁilNE
FEA TURES
8 The Making of the President, 1999For Kenneth Laker, a synergy betweencareer and IEEEservice.
By KennethR. Laker
17 HighQualityKen Laker's pioneering researchon surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters.
By Paul H. Carr
20 The Right stuffA visionary IEEEvolunteerand inspiring role model.ByJanVan der Spiegel
24 A ResonantInfluenteKen Laker's impact on his field,his students, and IEEE.
By T.R. Viswanathan
Digita/ Object Identifier 1O.1l09/MSSC.20J1.941616
-----
A80UT THIS lMAGE:The 1999 IEEEBoard of Directors. Find out who sat on the board in
HThe Making of the President, 1999.H
COLUMNS/DEPARTMENTS3 CONTRIBUTORS:4 EDITOR'S NOTE
5 LETTERS
6 ASSOCIATEEDITOR'SVIEW
28 PEOPLE
34 CHAPTERS
41 SOCIETY NEWS
45 IEEENEWS
48 CONFERENCEREPORTS
54 CALENDAR
56 FOOTER
IEEESOLlD.STATECIRCUlTSMAGAZINE f SUMMER2011 1
Vol.18, No.3 September 2011ISSN1070-9932http://www.ieee-ras.org/ram
r~.. .~ MAGAZINE
EnsuringCorrectBehavior
¡
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Formal Methods for Hardwareand Software Systems
Vol.18, No.3 September 2011ISSN1070-9932http://www.ieee-ras.org/ram
FEATURES.24 RoboticSurgery
FormalVerificationof PlansBy Riccardo Muradore, Davide Bresolin, Luca Geretti,Paolo Fiorini, and Tiziano Villa
33 HybridSystems in RoboticsTowardReachability-BasedControllerDesignBy Jerry Ding, Jeremy H. Gillula, Haomiao Huang,Michael P. Vitus, Wei Zhang, and Claire J. Tomlin
44 Semiautonomous Multivehicle SafetyA HybridControlApproachByRajeevVermaandDomitillaDelVecchio
55 Motion Planning with Complex GoalsA MultilayeredSynergisticApproachBy Amit Bhatia, Matthew R. Maly, Lydia E. Kavraki, and Moshe Y. Vardi
65 Corred. Reamve, High-LevelRobot ControlMitigatingthe StateExplosionProblemofTemporal LogicSynthesisBy Hadas Kress-Gazit, Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn, and Ufuk Topcu
75 Automatic Deployment of Robotic TeamsAnAutomataTheoretic ApproachByXu Chu Ding, Marius Kloetzer,Yushan Chen, and Calin Belta
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fui] story of this vehicle and its
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87 Automatic Sequencing of Ballet PosesA FormalApproachto PhraseGenerationByAmyLaViers,yushanChen,CalinBelta,andMagnusEgerstedt
96 AThree-DoFActUatedRobotA MinimalTensegrityConfigurationBy Josep M. Mirats- Tur and Josep Camps
104 A Mosaic of EyesForWireless Navigation and Control of Mobile RobotsByPing Jiang,Zuren Feng,Yongqiang Cheng, Yuanxiang Ji, Jin Zhu,Xiaonian Wang, Feng Tian, John Baruch, and Fun Hu
C> COVER PHOTO BY OlGA ANDRYUKHINA
Digital Object Identlfter 10.1 109/MRA.20JI.942123
SEPTEMBER 2011 . IEEEROBOllCS&AUTOMATIONMAGAZINE . 1
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Vol~~: 10,Number3 . July-September2011
UBIGlUITOUS SVSTEMS
..
- ---.
Automotive PervasiveComputing
IEEE~computer
socletywww.computer.orglpervasive
Departments2
52
54
80
84
From the Editor in ChiefBlurring the Disciplinary BoundariesNigel Davies
4 SmartphonesNear Field CommunicationRoyWant
8 Pervasive HealthPervasive Healthcare 2010: Two PerspectivesAnind K. Deyand Deborah Estrin
VVorksinProgressSupport for Context,Aware PervasiveComputing EnvironmentsAntti Oulasvirta, Tero Hasu, Mario Muñoz-Organero,Athanasios Plessas, VassiliosStefanis, john Garofalakis,and Andreas Komninos
Experimental MethodologyExperimental Technology inEmotion,Oriented ComputingElisabeth André
Conferences
Mobile Computing Systems and ApplicationsNicholasSkehinand jaewooChung
Education & TrainingTo Support and Defend: A SpiritedEngineering CompetitionGrant jacoby and Kurt Keville
7 Advertising Index
51 IEEEComputer Society Member Information
EDITOR IN CHIEFNlgel Davles
Lancaster Universitynigel@comp.lancs.ac.uk
ASSOCIATE EDITORS IN CHIEFRamón Cáceres Albrecht Schmldt
AT&TLabs UniversityofMarla R. Ebllng Duisberg-Essen
IBMTJWatson Research Joseph ParadlsoCenter MIT
Paul LukowlczUniversity
of PassauGermany
EDITORIN CHIEFEMERITIRoy Want
GoogleM. Satyanarayanan
Carnegie MellonUniversity
EDITORIALBOARD
Mary Baker Jason HongHewlett-PackardLabs Carnegie Mellon
Tucker Balch UniversityGeorgia Inst. Anthony Joseph
of Technology UCBerkeleyJohn Canny Tlm KlndbergUCBerkeley Matter 2 Media Ltd.
Eyal de Lara James LandayUniversity Universityof Toronto of Washington
Anlnd Dey Natalla MarmasseCarnegie Mellon Google
University Scott MldklffDeborah Estrln VirginiaTech
UCLA Kenton O'HaraHans Gellersen CSIRO
La~cas~er Bernt SchleleUmverslty MPllnformatics
Su~1 H,;lal Rahul SukthankarUmver~lty Intel Researchof Flonda Pittsburgh
ADVISORYBOARDM. Satyanarayanan (chalr)
Carnegie MellonUniversityGaetano Borrlello
Universityof Washington
and Intel Research Seattle
Daniel SlewlorekCarnegie Mellon University
Roy WantGoogle
CS MAGAZINEOPERATlONS COMMITTEE
Dorée Duncan Seligmann (chair),Erik Altman, Isabel Beichl,
Krishnendu Chakrabarty, Nigel Davies,Simon Liu, Dejan Milojicié,
Michael Rabinovich, Forrest Shull,John R. Smith, Gabriel Taubin, Ron Vetter,John Viega, Fei-Yue Wang, )effrey R. Yost
CS PUBLlCATIONS BOARDDavid A. Grier (chair), Alain April,
David Bader, Angela R. Burgess, Jim Cortada,Hakan Erdogmus, Frank E. Ferrante,Jean-Luc Gaudiot, Paolo Montuschi,
Dorée Duncan Seligmann, Linda 1. Shafer,Steve Tanimoto, George Thiruvathukal
_ IEEE~ COMMUNICATIONS~ ~ SOCIETY
September2011 Volume5 Number3
TheEditor'sDesk
ONTHECOVER-Nanotechnologyisthebackbonelor
ellectivehealthmonitoringintheluture.
Digitnl Objeet Idmtifter lO.lI09/MNAN0.20II.941956
Far the 21st Century Technologists
4
U-HealthSDlanHODle 6Innovative solutions for the management
ofthe elderly and chronic diseases.NAZIMAGOULMINE, M. JAMAL DEEN,
JEONG-SOOLEE, AND M. MEYYAPPAN
InsulinDetecdon1201ClinicalPlasDlaSaDlPles
Development of a PDMS microfluidic system.ZHIKUN ZHAN, ZAILI DONG,AND STEVETUNG
. CarbOnNanotubes18lar OraanicSolarCells
Power conversion efficiency with aninterdigitated bulk heterojunctions structure.
GUANGYONGLI AND LlMING LlU
Low-COSlNanolilhouraphv25Illuminating new markets.
JOHN MAl, RUNG-YWANTSAI, AND CHIN-TIENYANG
SEPTEMBER2011 I IEEENANOTECHNOLOGYMAGAZINEI 1
.
.e BRAND x PICTURES, COMSTOCK
Q~ASIEEE Circuil. and Systems Magazine (1SSN1531~OCDMEN) Is publlshed quarterly by the Institute 01 El..,.trtcal and Electronlcs Englneers. Ine. Headquarters: 3Park Avenue.17th Aoor. NewYork. NY. 10016-5991USA.Responslbillty for the cantents rests upon the authors andnol upon the IEEE. the Soclety, or lis members. IEEE Ser-vlce Center (for arders. subscrlptlons. address changes):445 Hoes Lane, Plscalaway. NJ 08854 USA. Telephone:+1 732981 0060. +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: lEEEmembers $20.00 (fIrst copy only), nonmembers $128.00per copy; $7.00 per member per year Oncluded In Socletylee) for each member of the IEEEClrcuits and Systems Sed-ety. Subscriptioo rates available upon request. Copyrightud Reprint Permission: Abstracting is permitted withcredlt lo the source. Ubrarles are permlUed to photocopybeyond the limlts 01 the U.s. Copyright law for private use01 palrons: 1) those post-1977 artieles that carry acodeal the bottom al the first pase. provlded' the per-copy feeIndleated in the eode 15 pald through the Copyright Clear-ance Center. 222 Rosewood Drtve, Danvers. MA01923;and2) pre-1978 artleles wlthout fee. For other copylng, reprint,or republleatlon permlsslon, write to: Copyrlghts andPermisslons Department. IEEE Service Center, 445 HoesLane, Plseataway, NJ 08854 USA. Copyright @ 2011 by theInstitute of Electrieal and Electronlcs Englneers. Ine. AlIrights reserved. Perlodicals postage pald at New York, NY.and at addltlonal mailing olOees. PostmasIer. Send addressehanges to IEEEClrcuits and Systems Magazine, IEEEOper-atlons Center.445 Hoes Lane. Piseataway,NJ,088S4USA.Printed In U.S.A.
Digital ObjectIdentilier 1O.II09/MCAS.201l.942064
THIRD OUARTER 2011
10
26
38
CiiCuitsandSystem~
Volume 11,Number 3 Third Quarter 2011
TemporallyAdvanced Signal Detection:A Review of the Technology and PotentialApplicationsChrisM. Hymel,MalcolmH. Skolnick, RonA. Stubbers, and MichaelE.BrandtIn recent years.a physicalphenomenonreterred to as NegativeGroupDelay(NGD)or superluminal wave propagation has been implemented in electroniccircuitry and shown to temporally advance the detection of analog signals. Spe-cifically,the output of such a circuit precedes the complete detection of its inputas the group (and therefore time) delay through the circuit is negative. In thisarticle we describe the background and theory behind this phenomenon, discussits implementation in electronics and demonstrate a specific biomedical signalapplication(the humanECG).WediscusssomekeyNGDcircuitdesignconsider-ations/configurations and potential applications in which this technology couldoffset or eliminate entirely, closed loop control system delays.
Clock Jitter Effects on Sampling: A TutorialCarlos Azeredo-Leme
The effect of jitter in data converters is analyzed, with a focus on the frequencydomain treatment of the corresponding phase noise. The analysis is mostlyintuitive, to give the reader a good feeling for the mechanisms involved. 80thopen loop oscillators and phase locked loops are considered as clock sources.Several application examples are included to illustrate the concepts. Jitter self-referenced measurements are also covered with their relationships to jitter.
Nanoscale FinFET Based SRAM CellDesign: Analysis of Performance Metric,Process Variat~on, Underlapped FinFETand Temperatu..e EffectBalwinder Raj,A.K. Saxena,and s. DasguptaIn this paper the analysis of SNM. RNM. WNM and static power variation withwidth of access, load and driver are carried out for nanoscale FinFET basedSRAM cell. FinFET based SRAM design is proposed as an alternative solution tothe bulk devices. Further. the effect of process variation on the SRAM cell per-formance is analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation on HSPICE.Two structuresof the FinFET viz. the standard PTM model and an underlapped FinFET are alsoused for the simulations. In this work we also analyze the effect of temperatureon noise margins and static power for FinFET based SRAMcell. FinFET is suitablefor future nanoscale memory circuits design due to its reduced Short ChannelEffects and leakage current.
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
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ctrumvolume 48. number 9 international
9.ll
COVER STORY
26 DIGITALRANDOMNESSIntel's latest random-numbergenerator is powered bythermal noise and couldgive developers a whole newsense of security.By Greg Tay/or & George Cox
30 BENEATHTHEICE5HEET5 .
A new kind of radar will helppolar researchers investigate thethick masses of ice that blanketGreenland and Antarctica.ByJohn Paden, David Braaten& Prasad Gogineni
COVER: CARL DETORRESTHIS FW3E. CLOCKWISE FROM TOf> PETER AOAMSlGETTY IMAGES:
SIMQN e FW3E: ABC PH07D ARCHIVESlGETTY IMAGES: CARL DETDRRES
38 THETERAHERTZFRONTIERNotoriously inaccessible,the terahertz region of theelectromagnetic spectrum finallyhas its first IC devices.
By Michae/ C. Wanke & Mark Lee
SPECTRUM.lEEE.ORG
44 THE PICTUREPHONE15HERE. REALLV.With 4G, interoperability, andnew compression schemes,we'll soon start using the video-phones already embedded in oursmartphones and tablets.By Thomas Wiegand& GaryJ.Su//ivan
SEPTEMBER2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . INT 1
IEEEAEROSPACE
andELECTRONICSYSTEMR August2011
ISSN0885-8985.. VolumeTwentyFiveMAGAZINENumberEight
+IEEE
Editor-in-Cbief - Teresa L. PaceAssoeiate Editor-in-Chief - Maria GrecoAdministrative Editor - David B. Dobson
Ass't. Admin.Editor - Susanne J. WalshVP Publieations - OpenAVP Publieations - W.Dale BlairTutorials Editor - Lance M. KaplanAESS President (20 11) - Marina Ruggieri
Associate Editors and Areas of SpecialtyTom Bowman - Ground Systems, Vision
Systems, EleetronicsShirley Cheng - GuidanceMauro De Sanctis - Space SystemsMaria Greco - Clutter Models, Radar Signal
Processing, Radar SystemsHaiying Liu - Fusion, Image Processing,
TrackingRao Mannepalli - Satellites, Modeling
and Simulation, EnergyIllir Progri - Position, Navigation, TimingRalph Teague - Sensors, Eleetro-Opties,
Radar
Peter Willett - Traeking, Fusion,Signal Proeessing
Haidong Yu - Eleetronies, Power,Transportation
Contributing EditorsAwards - Erwin C. GanglConferenees - Mark E. DavisEdueation - Steve E. Watkins
Ethies - OpenHistory - Henry Oman. Ron SchroerStandards - Richard HochbergTeehnieal Panels - Theodora Saunders
Website Updates - Judy ScharmannDistinguished Leeturers & Tutorials -
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IEEEAEROSPACE
andELECTRONIC SYSTEMR AUjlust2011
ISSN0885-8985a. VolumeTwentySixMAGAZINENumberEight
In This Issue - Technically o . . . . . 2
Columo
. From the Editor-in-Chief - T. Pace' . o o . . o o o o o . o o o . . . . 3
Articles
. Cassini Spacecraft Post-Launch Malfunction . o . . . . . . o . . . . 4Correction Success
PoS. Morgan
. Spacecraft Solar Array Technology Trends o o . o . . o o . . . . 17
P.A. Jones & B.R. Spence
. Intellectual Geographic Information System. . o o . o . . o . o . . 29
for Navigation Safety
V. Popovich, S. Vanurin, S. Kokh & V. Kuzyonny
. Radar and Electronic Warfare Cooperation: o o . . . . . . . . . . . 32How to Improve the System Efficiency
S. Kemkemian, M Nouvel-Piani & E. Chamouard
. Simulation of Radar Signal on Wind Turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,
Y.F. Lok, J. Wang & A. Palevsky
News & Ioformatioo
Autotestcon 2011 . . o o . . . o . 43
44
45
46
47
48
IEEE AESS Tutorials Available o
IEEE AESS Distinguished Lecturers & Tutorials
Future IEEE AES Transactions Reviewed & Accepted Contributionso
IEEE AESS Society Organization o
Membership Application. . . o o o
MeetingsCalendar . o . . . . . . . . . o . . . . . o . . . o . . . . Inside back cover
IEEE Antennas &Propagation
@ + IEEE MagazineVolume 53, No. 3, June 2011 www.ieeeaps.org (ISSN 1045-9243)
9025
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270
9025
270
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Table of ContentsFeature Articles
New Development of Parallel Conformal FDTDMethod in Computational Electromagnetics EnglneeringWenhuaYu,XiaolingYang,YongjunUu,RajMittra,Dau-ChyrllChang,Chao-HsiangLiao,MutoAkira,WenxingU,andLeiZhao 15
MlnlatureMeander-Line DlpoleAntenna Arrays, Deslgned vla an Orthogonal-Array-lnltiallzedHybridParticle-Swarm OptimizerZikriBayraktar;DouglasH. Wemer;andPingjuanL.Wemer 42On the Use of U-Slots in the Deslgn of Dual-and Triple-Band Patch AntennasK F.Lee,K.M.Luk,K M.Mak,andS. L.S. Yang 60The MinlmumQfor Spheroldally Shaped Objects: Extenslon to Cylindrically Shaped Objectsand Comparison to Practical AntennasPederHansenandRicharrJAdams 75
A Quaslstatlc Antenna Deslgn Approach for Mlnlmum-QAntennasThomasO.Jones11I 84
Hlstorical and Planned Uses of Antenna Technology for Space-Bome Mlcrowave RadlometersDhavalPujara,S.B. Sharma,andS.B. Chakrabarty 95
An Old Tool and a New Challenge for Deplcting Antenna Array Radlatlon Pattems(belng also A Classroom Demonstration for the Principie of Wave Interference Underlying Antenna Array Theory)JuanR.Mosig 115Also in This Issue Departments (Confd)Correction.; 41 MeetingsandSymposia- Wasky 182ChangeofAddressor DeliveryProblems 41 ShortCourses- Wasky 184Trying to Interprret Modem Art as a Finite-Element Practiitioner 158 Report of Awards and Fellow Committee- 8alanis 188ReportonACES2011 168 EducationColumn- Kelley 192Deparbnents Hidden Word - Gardiol 197Editor's Comments- Stone 8 Intellectual Property and Patent Abstracts - Henderson 198Presidents Message - Salazar-Palma 8 TelecommunicationsHealthandSafety- Un 202Minutas of the AdCom Meeting - Tyo 126 Wireless Comer - Christodoulou and Rajo-Iglesias 204AP-S Chapter News - Shen 136 IEEE-USA 211AP-S Distinguished lecturer Program 138 AMTA Comer - Schneider and Kemp 212Antenna Designer's Notebook - MiIIigan 140 Report of the Transnational Committee- Jackson 222Measurements Comer - Fischer and laHaie 150 Historical Comer - Pefosi 226
EM Programmer's Notebook - Davidson 168 Testing Ourselves - Sevgi 231AP-STumstile- 8ansal 174 AntennaApplicationsComer- Rao and Kralovec 255EtCetera-AkgOI 176 EurAAPComer- Mosig 264
Cover: A comparison between the exact and Geometrical Optics (GO) solutions for the total fields diffracted by awedge with soft and hard boundary conditions (BC), for two different angles of incidence. See the contribution byFeray Haclvelioglu, Levent Sevgi, and Pyotr Ya. Ufimtsev In the Testing Ourselves column.
Address editorial correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief, W. Ross Stone, Stoneware Limited, 840 Annada Terrace, San Diego, CA92106 USA; Tel: +1 (619) 222-1915; Fax: +1 (619) 222-1606; E-mail: r.stone@ieee.org.
The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (ISSNI045-9243) is published bimonthly beginning in February of each year by theAntennas and Propagation Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. It is mailed at the end of the month ofissue. IEEE Headquarters: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA, Tel: +1 (800) 678-4333, +1 (732) 981-0060; Fax: +1 (732)981-9667; E-mail: customerservice@ieee.org. $6.00 per member per year included in Society fees is paid as the subscription price. TheMagazine is the successor publication 10 the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter. The Newsletter carried volumenumbers 1 through 31, ending with December, 1989; the Magazine began with volume number 32 in 1990. Institutional andnon-member subscriptions: Institutions and individuals who are not members of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society maysubscribe to the Magazine for $565 per year. Contact Customer Service at IEEE Headquarters.
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IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 3, June 2011 3
IEEEENGINEERINGAGEMENT
REVIEW Volume 39 · Number 3Third Quarter
September 2011
Sustaining the Project
The ComingKnowledgeand CapabilityShortage 3
Leadership,BeyondProject Management 15
Project LeadershipSkillsin CooperativeProjects 23
Criticismand OutstandingLeadership:An Evaluationoí LeaderReactionsand CriticalOutcomes 34
Integrating LeadershipDevelopmentand SuccessionPlanningBest Practices ... 64
Groomingthe NextGeneration 82
Project Leadership:Getting It Right 88
Developingan IntegratedApproachto SystemSafetyEngineering 93
BeyondFrontiers oí TraditionalProject Management:AnApproachto Evolutionary,Self-OrganizationalPrincipiesandthe ComplexityTheory 110
AMultidimensionalModeloí Project Leadership 132
LeadershipDevelopmentand SuccessionPlanning 140
ExaminingEffectiveandIneffectiveTransíormationalProjectLeadership 148,
IneííectiveLeadership:Investigatingthe NegativeAttributesoíLeadersand OrganizationalNeutralizers 173
A Project ManagementModel 188
Editor: Wade H. Shaw
Dean and Kaolin Chair of Engineering
Mercer University
+IEEE
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