body systems
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Body Systems
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Regions
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Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy: The study of
the parts of the body
Physiology: The function of the body
Anatomical Position: Standing erect with face forward, arms at the side, palms forward.
Anatomic Terminology Position and Direction
Anterior or Ventral: Front or in front of
Posterior or Dorsal:Back or in back of Cranial: refers to the
head of the body Caudal: means tail end Superior: upper or
above something Inferior: lower or below
something
Anatomical terms cont. Medial: toward the
midline Lateral: toward the side
of the body Proximal: toward the
point of attachment to the body or the trunk of the body
Distal: away from the point of attachment to the body
Superficial: (external) near the surface or outside of the body
Deep (internal) inside the body
Body planes and Sections Planes: imaginary
anatomical dividing planes
Section: cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane
Sagittal Plane: divides the body into right and left parts
Planes and Sections Coronal (Frontal)
Plane: vertical cut at right angles to saggital plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
Transverse planes- cross-section a horizontal cut that divides the body into upper and lower parts.
Cavities of the Body Dorsal Cavity: contains
the brain and spinal cord- the brain is in the cranial cavity and the spinal cord is in the spinal cavity.
Anterior or Ventral Cavity contains the Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities.
Cavities
The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
Abdominal Cavity: contains stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Pelvic Cavity: contains the urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
Abdomino-pelvic Cavity Regions
Tissues Tissues: cells
grouped because they are similar in shape, size, structure, and function.
Tissues
EpithelialTissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Protects the body by covering internal and external surfaces and produces secretions.
Supports and connects organs and tissue
Has the ability to contract and move the body
Cells that react to stimuli and conduct an impulse
Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue: type of connective tissue that
stores fat cells Ligaments: strong, flexible bands of connective
tissue that hold bones firmly together at the joints
Tendons: white bands of connective tissue attaching skeletal muscle to bone
Cartilage: firm, flexible support of the embryonic skeleton and part of the adult skeleton
Membranes Membranes are
formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together, cells may secrete a fluid.
Types of membranes Mucous
membrane: lines the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary systems produces mucous to lubricate and protect the lining.
Types of membranes cont. Serous membranes:
double walled membrane produces a watery fluid, lines closed body cavities
1. The outer part of the membrane that lines the cavity is the Parietal membrane
2. The part that covers the organs is the Visceral membrane.
More membranes Pleural Membrane:
lines the thoracic or chest cavity and protects the lungs
Pericarial membrane: lines the heart cavity and protects the heart
Peritoneal membrane: lines the abdominal cavity and protects abdominal organs
Organ and System
Organ system: a group of organs which act together to perform a specific, related function.
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine, and Reproductive.
Guess the system….
Circulatory
Carries oxygen and nourishment to the cells of the body.
Respiratory System
Acquires oxygen, rids the body of carbon dioxide.
Integumentary System
Helps regulate body temperature, establishes a barrier between the body and environment.
Nervous System
Communicates, control body activity.
Skeletal System
Gives shape to the body.
Endocrine System
Manufactures hormones to regulate organ activity.
Muscular System
Determines posture, produces body heat.
Excretory System
Removes waste products of metabolism from the body.
Digestive System
Prepares food for absorption.
Reproductive System
Reproduces human beings.
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