bledsoe v1 ch06_lecture

Bryan E. BledsoeRichard A. Cherry Robert S. Porter

Paramedic Care: Principles & PracticeVolume 1, 5e

Chapter 6Public Health

Standard

• Public Health

Competency

• Applies fundamental knowledge of principles of

public health and epidemiology, including public

health emergencies, health promotion, and illness

and injury prevention.

Introduction

• EMS providers drawn to EMS to make

contribution to society and those in need.

• Respond to scenes of crisis and tragedy; excited

when critically ill or injured patient improves after

receiving emergency medical care.

Basic Principles of Public Health

• Public health: science and practice of protecting

and improving health of a community.

– Use of preventive medicine

– Health education

– Control of communicable diseases

– Application of sanitary measures

– Monitoring of environmental hazards

• Strong medical oversight of both public health and

• Educate emergency care and public health

providers about roles.

• Recognition of role of and commitment to develop

and maintain relationships between leaders of

component groups.

• Bring community stakeholders into planning

process.

• Create disaster plans developed locally; public

health and emergency care; drill repeatedly.

• Pursue and secure funding.

Figure 6-1 An overview of public health.

(Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Accomplishments in Public Health

• Vaccination

• Motor vehicle safety

• Safer workplaces

• Control of infectious diseases

• Decline in deaths from coronary artery disease

and stroke

Accomplishments in Public Health

• Safer and healthier foods

• Healthier mothers and babies

• Family planning

• Fluoridation of drinking water

• Recognition of tobacco as health hazard

Public Health Laws

• Illness and prevention

• Police powers for public health agencies

• Epidemiological tools

– 2009: Public Health Law Research Program (PHLRP).

Aids public health entities in promoting effective regulatory and

legal solutions to public health problems.

Epidemiology

• Epidemiology

– Incidence and prevalence of disease in large

populations

– Source and causes of epidemics of infectious disease

– Frequency and pattern of health events that occur in a

population

Epidemiology

• Concepts

– Years of productive life

– Injury (unintentional or intentional)

– Injury risk

– Injury surveillance program

– Primary prevention

– Secondary prevention

– Tertiary prevention

Epidemiology

• Major Roles in Public Health Practice

– Public health surveillance

– Field investigation

– Analytic studies

– Evaluation

– Linkage

– Policy development

Epidemiology

• EMS Public Health Strategies

– Roles for EMS in Public Health

Health promotion

Disease surveillance

Disaster management

Injury prevention

Public Health and EMS

• EMS personnel prime candidates to be advocates

of injury prevention.

• EMS providers perform CPR and other life-saving

procedures.

• EMS providers widely distributed in population;

reflect composition of their communities.

• Organizational Commitment

– Protection of EMS providers

– Education of EMS providers

– Data collection

– Financial support

– Empowerment of EMS providers

Figure 6-4 EMS in the United States needs to be proactive in public education programs.

(Dr. Bryan E. Bledsoe)

• EMS Provider Commitment

– Standard Precautions

– Physical fitness

– Stress management

– Seeking professional care

– Driving safety

Figure 6-5 Disease prevention starts with health care workers.

(Photo: Dr. Bryan E. Bledsoe)

– Scene safety:

Safety is always first priority.

Attention on response and equipment that will be needed

Do not approach dangerous scenes until law enforcement has

arrived and deemed the scene safe.

Figure 6-6 Every paramedic should have the appropriate safety equipment readily available and

in good repair.

– Scene safety:

Traffic, road conditions, hazards

Wear reflective clothing.

Precautions in place, approach patients with your own safety in

All crew members should be restrained while ambulance in

motion.

Prevention in the Community

• Areas Where EMS Can Be Active in Prevention

– Infants and children:

One of every three deaths among children in U.S. results from

injury.

Motor vehicle collisions, pedestrian or bicycle injuries, burns,

falls, firearms

– Motor vehicle collisions:

Responsible for more than half of all deaths from unintentional

injuries

Alcohol use factor in about half of all motor vehicle fatalities.

– Geriatric patients:

Falls responsible for largest number of preventable injuries for

persons over 75.

Some may suffer from some degree of dementia.

– Work and recreation hazards:

22%: back injuries; disabling injuries.

22%: injuries to eyes, hands, fingers.

Sports injuries common.

– Medications:

Taken improperly; taken by others

Following physician's, pharmacist's, label directions imperative.

– Early discharge

• Implementation of Prevention Strategies

– Preserve safety of response team

– Recognize scene hazards

– Document findings

– Engage in on-scene education

– Know your community resources

– Conduct community needs assessment:

Childhood and flu immunizations

Prenatal and well-baby clinics

Elder-care clinics

Defensive driving classes

– Conduct community needs assessment:

Workplace safety courses

Health clinics

Prevention information on your agency's website

Summary

• Each member of EMS shares responsibility of

promoting wellness and preventing illness and

injury among coworkers and community.

• EMS services have gone beyond traditional

treatment-and-transport-only.

Summary

• Commonplace for EMS services to offer programs

to public.

• Partner with members of community to make

everyone more aware of how to prevent avoidable

illness and injury.

bledsoe v1 ch06_lecture

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