black cherry – prunus serotina hickory – carya ovata white ash – fraxinus americana white oak...
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Black Cherry – Prunus Serotina
Hickory – Carya Ovata
White Ash – Fraxinus Americana
White Oak – Quercus Alba
Red Oak – Quercus Rubra
Black Walnut – Juglans Nigra
Tulip Poplar – Liriodendron Tulipifera
White Pine – Pinus Strobus
Hard Maple – Acer Saccharum
American Beech – Fagus Grandifiolia
ColorLight cream
colored, with occasional light
brown streaking.
Physical Characteristics
Grain
Color
Workability
Rot Resistance
Common Uses
Price Range
WorkabilityEasy to work,
takes glues and finishes well.
Rot ResistancePerishable, with
only a slight resistance to insects and
decay.
Common UsesWoven baskets,
snow shoes, baseball bats, tool handles
GrainRing-porous
with very course open pores, similar
to Oak.
Price RangeAmong the least expensive of the
commonly available domestic
hardwoods.
Physical Characteristics•Weight = Medium•Specific Gravity = .55•Hardness = Hard, 1,320 lbft •Known for its shock resistance and flexibility
Price Range
Common Uses
Rot Resistance
Workability
Physical Characteristics
Grain
Color
ColorPale tan to
greenish amber
Physical Characteristics•Weight= Heavy, Specific gravity=.60•Hardness=Hard,1,360lbft
•Known for its strength, weight, and durability. Shows prominent ray flecking when quarter sawn.
WorkabilityEasy to work,
takes glues and finishes well.
GrainRing-porous
with very course open pores.
Rot Resistance
Very good rot resistance
Common UsesBoats, barrels,
flooring, Arts and Crafts style furniture
Price RangeModerate,
slightly more expensive than
Red Oak.
Color
Common Uses
Price Range
Grain
Physical Characteristics
Workability
Rot Resistance
Price RangeOne of the most sought after
and expensive of domestic hardwoods, Cherry is still a bargain when compared to
most exotic imports.
Rot ResistanceHeartwood is
moderately rot resistant
ColorPale pink when
first cut. With time and exposure to
sunlight, the heartwood will
darken to a deep cinnamon red.
Physical Characteristics•Weight = Medium weight, Specific Gravity = .47•Hardness = Medium , 950lbft •Can be brittle
WorkabilityCherry glues, machines, and finishes well, but its
wavy grainy structure can make it prone to
tear-out if the tooling is not kept very sharp. Also, it is prone to
blotching when stained.
Common UsesHigh end flooring, furniture, musical
instrumentsGrainFinely
grained, with closed pores.
Color
Grain
Physical Characteristics
Workability
Rot Resistance
Common Uses
Price Range
Common UsesTool handles, drum
sticks, fuel wood
GrainTypically straight grained, medium texture, medium
open pores.
Physical Characteristics•Weight = Heavy, Specific Gravity = .64•Hardness = Hard, 1,720lbft •Among the hardest , densest and strongest of our domestic hardwoods. Hickory also has the highest Btu rating of any of the common fuel woods.
Price RangeInexpensiveWorkability
Difficult to work, prone to tearout, quickly dulls steel
cutting edges, glues and finishes
well. Rot Resistance
Susceptible to decay and
insect attack
ColorPale tan
sapwood, with light brown heartwoodColor
Grain
Price Range
Common Uses
Rot Resistance
Workability
Physical Characteristics
ColorTypically a light cream color, often displays
large areas of discoloration that range form light
green to dark purple.
Physical Characteristics•Weight= Light, Specific Gravity=.40•Hardness= Soft, 540lbft
•Technically classified as a hardwood, Poplar’s physical characteristics are functionally more similar to those of softwood.
Common UsesA true utility wood, Poplar’s
greatest commercial application is as the core plies of plywood. It is also
widely used for making pallets, and for the unseen
structural parts of mass produced furniture.
Price RangeTypically one of
the least expensive of the
commercially important lumber
species.
GrainFine, very
straight grain structure with
few knots.
Rot ResistancePerishable, with
only a slight resistance to
insects and decay.
WorkabilityPoplar’s relative softness
makes it very easy to work with both machines and hand tools. It glues and
takes a finish well, but when stained is highly prone to blotching. Poplar can be
difficult to sand smooth due to a tendency of the fibers
to pop up, creating a “fuzzy” surface.
Color
Grain
Physical Characteristics
Price Range
Common Uses
Rot Resistance
Workability
ColorWhite to latte
colored sapwood, chocolate brown
heartwood
Rot ResistanceGood rot resistance, but poor resistance
to insect attack.
Price RangeOne of the most sought after and
expensive domestic hardwoods, Walnut is considered a premium
hardwood.
Common UsesFine furniture,
musical instruments, gun
stocks
Physical Characteristics•Weight= Medium, Specific Gravity=.51•Hardness= Medium, 1,010lbft
•A perfect combination of middle-of-the-road physical characteristics, and great aesthetic appeal make Walnut an ideal woodworker’s wood.
WorkabilityWalnut is known as
being one of the best all around woods for workability. It glues,
machines, and finishes well.
GrainDiffuse-porous with medium pore texture.
Physical Characteristics
Grain
Color
Workability
Rot Resistance
Common Uses
Price Range
ColorPale, almost
white
GrainTypically straight grained
(except for the figured variants), very fine
texture, closed pores
Physical Characteristics•Weight= Medium, Specific Gravity=.56•Hardness= Hard, 1,450lbft •Unique among domestic hardwoods in that it is the sapwood not the heartwood that is preferred for lumber
Common UsesButcher blocks, turned
items, chair parts, flooring. Figured
variants are highly prized for use in high
end furniture and musical instruments
WorkabilityEasy to work,
takes glue and finishes well
Rot ResistancePerishable, with
very poor resistance to
insects and decay
Price RangeAmong the least expensive of the
commonly available domestic
hardwoods.
Color
Grain
Price Range
Common Uses
Rot Resistance
Workability
Physical Characteristics
ColorMost typically a
pale red, but there can be significant variations in color between boards.
GrainRing-porous
with very course open pores.
Physical Characteristics•Weight= Medium, Specific Gravity=.56•Hardness= Hard, 1,290lbft
Price RangeModerate
Common UsesMid-grade
interior trim, cabinetry, and
flooring.
Rot ResistanceModerately durable,
with some resistance to insects and decay, but not as much as White
Oak.
WorkabilityEasy to work,
takes glue and finishes well.
Grain
Physical Characteristics
Color
Workability
Rot Resistance
Price Range
Common Uses
ColorPale cream
colored, almost white, very
similar to Maple
Rot ResistancePerishable, with
very poor resistance to
insects and decay.
GrainStraight
grained, very fine texture, closed pores
Physical Characteristics•Weight=Medium, Specific Gravity=.54•Hardness=Hard, 1,300lbft
•Known for its great toughness and wear resistance, large boards are prone to warping.
Common UsesWooden plane
bodies, mechanical parts,
as a mellowing agent in brewing.
Price RangeInexpensive
when available.
WorkabilityDifficult to work,
quickly dulls cutting tools.
Workability
Physical Characteristics
Price Range
Color
Rot Resistance
Common Uses
Grain
ColorLight cream colored with occasional pale
brown streaks. Frequent deep red
knots.
Common UsesResidential
construction, low cost trim, rustic furniture, any application that
requires an inexpensive utility grade lumber.
Rot ResistancePerishable, with
very poor resistance to
insects and decay.
WorkabilityPine’s relative softness makes it very easy to
work with both machines and hand tools. It glues and takes a finish well, but when stained it is
highly prone to blotching.
Price RangeA soft wood, Pine
is typically the least expensive of the commercially important lumber
species.
GrainVery fine even texture, close
pores.
Physical Characteristics•Weight= Light, Specific Gravity=.35•Hardness= Soft, 352lbft
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