bison merger sub i, llcd18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/cik-0001010858/e052fc36-b0...2.1 agreement and...

UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORTPursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): June 6, 2018 (June 1, 2018)

BISON MERGER SUB I, LLC(formerly known as Fairmount Santrol Holdings Inc.)(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 001-36670 34-1831554

(State or other jurisdictionof incorporation)

(CommissionFile Number)

(IRS EmployerIdentification No.)

8834 Mayfield Road, Chesterland, Ohio 44026(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(800) 255-7263Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Not ApplicableFormer name or former address, if changed since last report

ChecktheappropriateboxbelowiftheForm8-Kfilingisintendedtosimultaneouslysatisfythefilingobligationoftheregistrantunderanyofthefollowingprovisions:

☐ WrittencommunicationspursuanttoRule425undertheSecuritiesAct(17CFR230.425)

☐ SolicitingmaterialpursuanttoRule14a-12undertheExchangeAct(17CFR240.14a-12)

☐ Pre-commencementcommunicationspursuanttoRule14d-2(b)undertheExchangeAct(17CFR240.14d-2(b))

☐ Pre-commencementcommunicationspursuanttoRule13e-4(c)undertheExchangeAct(17CFR240.13e-4(c))

IndicatebycheckmarkwhethertheregistrantisanemerginggrowthcompanyasdefinedinRule405oftheSecuritiesActof1933(§230.405ofthischapter)orRule12b-2oftheSecuritiesExchangeActof1934(§240.12b-2ofthischapter)

Emerginggrowthcompany☐

Ifanemerginggrowthcompany,indicatebycheckmarkiftheregistranthaselectednottousetheextendedtransitionperiodforcomplyingwithanyneworrevisedfinancialaccountingstandardsprovidedpursuanttoSection13(a)oftheExchangeAct.☐

Introductory Note

OnJune1,2018,FairmountSantrolHoldingsInc.,aDelawarecorporation(nowknownasBisonMergerSubI,LLCandreferredtohereinas“FairmountSantrol”),becameawhollyownedsubsidiaryofCoviaHoldingsCorporation,aDelawarecorporation(formerlyknownasUniminCorporationandreferredtohereinas“Covia”),asaresultofthemergerofBisonMergerSub,Inc.,aDelawarecorporationanddirectwhollyownedsubsidiaryofCovia(“MergerSub”),withandintoFairmountSantrol,withFairmountSantrolcontinuingasthesurvivingcorporation(the“Merger”),followedimmediatelybythemergerofFairmountSantrolwithandintoBisonMergerSubI,LLC,aDelawarelimitedliabilitycompanyanddirectwhollyownedsubsidiaryofCovia(“MergerSubLLC”),withMergerSubLLCcontinuingasthesurvivingentityandadirectwhollyownedsubsidiaryofCovia(the“SecondMerger”).

TheMergerandtheSecondMergerwereeffectedpursuanttotheAgreementandPlanofMerger,datedasofDecember11,2017(the“MergerAgreement”),byandamongCovia,FairmountSantrol,SCR-SibelcoNV,aprivatelyownedBelgiancompany(“Sibelco”),MergerSubandMergerSubLLC.

Item 1.02. Termination of Material Definitive Agreement.

TheinformationsetforthintheIntroductoryNoteofthisCurrentReportonForm8-Kisincorporatedhereinbyreference.

OnJune1,2018,inconnectionwiththeMerger,FairmountSantrolrepaidapproximately(i)$705.9millionofborrowings(includingaccruedandunpaidinterestthereon)underFairmountSantrol’sseniorsecuredtermloanagreement,datedasofNovember1,2017,byandamongFairmountSantrol,BarclaysCapitalInc.,asadministrativeagent,andthelenderspartythereto,and(ii)$35.1millionofborrowings(includingaccruedandunpaidinterestthereon)underFairmountSantrol’sfive-yearasset-basedrevolvingcreditfacility,datedasofNovember1,2017,byandamongFairmountSantrol,PNCCapitalMarketsLLC,asadministrativeagent,andthelenderspartythereto.Inconnectionwiththerepayment,FairmountSantrol’sseniorsecuredtermloanandasset-backedrevolvingcreditfacilitywereterminatedinaccordancewiththeirterms.

Item 2.01. Completion of Acquisition or Disposition of Assets.

TheinformationsetforthintheIntroductoryNoteandItem1.02ofthisCurrentReportisincorporatedhereinbyreference.

CompletionoftheMerger

OnJune1,2018,MergerSubmergedwithandintoFairmountSantrol,withFairmountSantrolcontinuingasthesurvivingcorporation.TheMergerwasimmediatelyfollowedbythemergerofFairmountSantrolwithandintoMergerSubLLC,withMergerSubLLCcontinuingasthesurvivingentityandadirectwhollyownedsubsidiaryofCovia.

PursuanttothetermsoftheMergerAgreement,upontheclosingoftheMerger,eachissuedandoutstandingshareofcommonstockofFairmountSantrol(“FairmountSantrolcommonstock”)wasconvertedintotherighttoreceive(i)0.20fullypaidandnonassessablesharesofcommonstockofCoviawithcashpaidinlieuoffractionalshares,ifany,without

interest,and(ii)approximately$0.73incash.TheissuanceofCoviacommonstockinconnectionwiththeMergerwasregisteredundertheSecuritiesActof1933,asamended,pursuanttotheFormS-4filedbyCoviaanddeclaredeffectivebytheSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(the“SEC”)onApril26,2018.Theproxystatement/prospectusincludedintheFormS-4containsadditionalinformationabouttheMerger.

TheforegoingdescriptionoftheMergerAgreementandtheMergerdoesnotpurporttobecompleteandisqualifiedinitsentiretybyreferencetothefulltextoftheMergerAgreement,whichwasfiledasExhibit2.1totheForm8-K,filedonDecember11,2017andisincorporatedhereinbyreference.AmorecompletedescriptionoftheMergerAgreementisincludedintheProxyStatementfiledonFormDEFM14AonApril26,2018inthesectionentitled“TheMergerAgreement”andisincorporatedhereinbyreference.

Covia’spressrelease,datedJune1,2018,announcingtheconsummationoftheMerger,isfiledasExhibit99.1tothisCurrentReportonForm8-Kandisincorporatedhereinbyreference.

Item 3.01. Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing.

OnJune1,2018,inconnectionwiththecompletionoftheMerger,FairmountSantrolnotifiedtheNewYorkStockExchange(the“NYSE”)thattradinginFairmountSantrolcommonstockshouldbesuspendedandthelistingofFairmountSantrolcommonstockontheNYSEshouldberemoved.Inaddition,FairmountSantrolrequestedthattheNYSEfilewiththeSECanapplicationonForm25todelistandderegisterFairmountSantrolcommonstockunderSection12(b)oftheSecuritiesExchangeActof1934(the“ExchangeAct”).OnJune1,2018,theNYSEinformedFairmountSantrolthatithadfiledtheForm25withtheSEC.FairmountSantrolintendstofilewiththeSECaForm15requestingthatthereportingobligationsofFairmountSantrolwithrespecttoFairmountSantrolcommonstockunderSection13(a)and15(b)oftheExchangeActbesuspended.

Item 3.03. Material Modification to the Rights of Security Holders.

TheinformationsetforthunderItems2.01,3.01and5.03ofthisCurrentReportonForm8-Kisincorporatedhereinbyreference.

Item 5.01. Changes in Control of Registrant.

AchangeofcontrolofFairmountSantroloccurredupontheconsummationoftheMerger.TheinformationsetforthunderItems2.01and5.02ofthisCurrentReportonForm8-Kisincorporatedhereinbyreference.

Item 5.02. Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of CertainOfficers.

UpontheconsummationoftheSecondMergerandpursuanttothetermsoftheMergerAgreement,eachofJennifferD.Deckard,WilliamE.Conway,MichaelG.Fisch,CharlesD.Fowler,StephenJ.Hadden,MichaelC.Kearney,WilliamP.Kelly,MatthewF.LeBaron,MichaelE.SandandLawrenceN.SchultzceasedtobedirectorsofFairmountSantrolasaresultofitsmergerwithandintoMergerSubLLC.

Additionally,upontheconsummationoftheSecondMergerandpursuanttothetermsoftheMergerAgreement,eachofJennifferD.Deckard,MichaelF.Biehl,GeraldL.Clancey,BrianJ.Richardson,GeorgeW.Magaud,RobertB.Larson,DanielN.GerberandDavidJ.CrandallceasedtobeexecutiveofficersofFairmountSantrolasaresultofitsmergerwithandintoMergerSubLLC.

KurtDecatisthePresidentandSecretaryofMergerSubLLC,thesurvivingentityintheSecondMerger.

Item 5.03. Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year.

InaccordancewiththeMergerAgreement,upontheconsummationoftheMerger,thecertificateofincorporationofFairmountSantrol,asineffectimmediatelypriortotheMerger,wasamendedandrestatedinitsentiretyintheformofthecertificateofincorporationattachedasExhibit3.1heretoandincorporatedbyreferencehereinandthebylawsofFairmountSantrol,asineffectimmediatelypriortotheMerger,wereamendedandrestatedintheirentiretyintheformofthebylawsattachedasExhibit3.2heretoandincorporatedbyreferenceherein.

Additionally,inaccordancewiththeMergerAgreement,upontheconsummationoftheSecondMerger,thecertificateofformationandlimitedliabilitycompanyagreementofMergerSubLLCasineffectimmediatelypriortotheSecondMergerbecamethecertificateofformationandlimitedliabilitycompanyagreement,respectively,ofMergerSubLLC,asthesurvivingcompanyoftheSecondMerger.ThecertificateofformationofMergerSubLLCisattachedasExhibit3.3heretoandincorporatedbyreferencehereinandthelimitedliabilitycompanyagreementofMergerSubLLCisattachedasExhibit3.4heretoandincorporatedbyreferenceherein.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

ThefollowingdocumentsarefiledherewithasexhibitstothisCurrentReportonForm8-K:Exhibit Number Description of Exhibit

2.1

AgreementandPlanofMerger,datedasofDecember11,2017,byandamongFairmountSantrolHoldingsInc.,SCR-SibelcoNV,UniminCorporation,BisonMergerSub,Inc.,andBisonMergerSubI,LLC(filedasExhibit2.1totheCurrentReportForm8-KfiledonDecember12,2017andincorporatedhereinbyreference).

3.1 AmendedandRestatedCertificateofIncorporationofFairmountSantrolHoldingsInc.,effectiveasoftheconsummationoftheMerger.

3.2 AmendedandRestatedBylawsofFairmountSantrolHoldingsInc.,effectiveasoftheconsummationoftheMerger.

3.3 CertificateofFormationofBisonMergerSubI,LLC,effectiveasoftheconsummationoftheSecondMerger.

3.4 LimitedLiabilityCompanyAgreementofBisonMergerSubI,LLC,effectiveasoftheconsummationoftheSecondMerger.

Thefollowingexhibitsarefurnishedaspartofthisreport:

99.1 PressReleaseofCoviaHoldingsCorporation,datedasofJune1,2018.

SIGNATURES

PursuanttotherequirementsoftheSecuritiesExchangeActof1934,theregistranthasdulycausedthisreporttobesignedonitsbehalfbytheundersignedhereuntodulyauthorized.

Bison Merger Sub I, LLC(Registrant)

By: /s/KurtDecat KurtDecat PresidentandSecretary

Date:June6,2018

Exhibit 3.1

CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF

BISON MERGER SUB, INC.

Theundersigned,forthepurposeoforganizingacorporationundertheGeneralCorporationLawoftheStateofDelaware,certifies:

FIRST:ThenameofthecorporationisBisonMergerSub,Inc.(hereinafterreferredtoastheCorporation).

SECOND:TheaddressoftheCorporation’sregisteredofficeintheStateofDelawareisCorporationServiceCompany,251LittleFallsDrive,intheCityofWilmington,CountyofNewCastle,Delaware19808.ThenameofitsregisteredagentatsuchaddressisCorporationServiceCompany.

THIRD:ThepurposeoftheCorporationistoengageinanylawfulactoractivityforwhichcorporationsmaybeorganizedundertheGeneralCorporationLawoftheStateofDelaware(asthesamenowexistsormayhereafterbeamended,theDGCL).

FOURTH:ThetotalnumberofsharesofcapitalstockwhichtheCorporationshallhaveauthoritytoissueisONETHOUSAND(1,000)sharesofcommonstock,parvalue$0.01pershare(CommonStock).EachholderofCommonStockshallhaveonevoteinrespectofeachshareofCommonStockheldbysuchholderofrecordonthebooksoftheCorporationonallmattersonwhichstockholdersoftheCorporationareentitledtovote.

FIFTH:InfurtheranceandnotinlimitationofthepowersconferredbythelawoftheStateofDelaware,thedirectorsoftheCorporationshallhavepowertoadopt,amendorrepealanyoralloftheBylawsoftheCorporation,exceptasmayotherwisebeprovidedintheBylawsoftheCorporation.

SIXTH:Electionsofdirectorsneednotbebywrittenballot,exceptasmayotherwisebeprovidedintheBylawsoftheCorporation.

SEVENTH:AdirectoroftheCorporationshallnotbepersonallyliabletotheCorporationoritsstockholdersformonetarydamagesforbreachoffiduciarydutyasadirector,excepttotheextentsuchexemptionfromliabilityorlimitationthereofisnotpermittedundertheDGCL.NoamendmentorrepealofthisArticleSEVENTHshalladverselyaffectanyrightorprotectionofadirectoroftheCorporationhereunderinrespectofanyactoromissionoccurringpriortosuchamendmentorrepeal.

EIGHTH:ThenumberofdirectorsthatshallconstitutethewholeboardofdirectorsoftheCorporationshallbefixedfromtimetotimeby,orinthemannerprovidedin,theBylawsoftheCorporation(orinanamendmentthereofdulyadoptedbytheBoardofDirectorsoftheCorporationorbythestockholdersoftheCorporation).

NINTH:TheCorporationreservestherighttoamend,repealand/oraddtotheprovisionsofthisCertificateinanymannernoworhereafterpermittedbytheDGCLandallrightsconferredupondirectors,officers,employeesoragentsherebyaresubjecttothisreservation.

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TENTH:WheneveracompromiseorarrangementisproposedbetweenthisCorporationanditscreditorsoranyclassofthemand/orbetweenthisCorporationanditsstockholdersoranyclassofthem,anycourtofequitablejurisdictionwithintheStateofDelawaremay,ontheapplicationinasummarywayofthisCorporationorofanycreditororstockholderthereoforontheapplicationanyreceiverorreceiversappointedforthisCorporationundertheprovisionsofSection291oftheDGCLorontheapplicationoftrusteesindissolutionorofanyreceiverorreceiversappointedforthisCorporationundertheprovisionsofSection279oftheDGCLorderameetingofthecreditorsorclassofcreditors,and/orofthestockholdersorclassofstockholdersofthisCorporation,asthecasemaybe,tobesummonedinsuchmannerasthesaidcourtdirects.Ifamajorityinnumberrepresentingthree-fourthsinvalueofthecreditorsorclassofcreditors,and/orofthestockholdersorclassofstockholdersofthisCorporation,asthecasemaybe,agreetoanycompromiseorarrangementandtoanyreorganizationofthisCorporationasaconsequenceofsuchcompromiseorarrangement,thesaidcompromiseorarrangementandthesaidreorganizationshall,ifsanctionedbythecourttowhichthesaidapplicationhasbeenmade,bebindingonallthecreditorsorclassofcreditors,and/oronallthestockholdersorclassofstockholders,ofthisCorporation,asthecasemaybe,andalsoonthisCorporation.

ELEVENTH:ThenameandmailingaddressoftheCorporation’sSoleIncorporatoris:Name: FaisalHaider

Address:

FreshfieldsBruckhausDeringerUSLLP601LexingtonAvenue,31stFloorNewYork,NewYork10022.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, theundersignedhassignedthisCertificateofIncorporationthisNovember20,2017.

FaisalHaider,Incorporator

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Exhibit 3.2

BYLAWS OF BISON MERGER SUB, INC.

aDelawarecorporation

ARTICLE IOFFICE AND RECORDS

Delaware Office

1.1 TheCorporationshallhaveandmaintainaregisteredofficeintheStateofDelawareasrequiredbylaw.ThenameandaddressofitsregisteredagentintheStateofDelawareissetforthintheCertificateofIncorporationoftheCorporation(theCertificateofIncorporation).

Other Offices

1.2 TheCorporationmayhavesuchotheroffices,eitherwithinorwithouttheStateofDelaware,astheboardofdirectorsoftheCorporation(theBoardofDirectors)maydesignateorasthebusinessoftheCorporationmayfromtimetotimerequire.

Books and Records

1.3 ThebooksandrecordsoftheCorporationmaybekeptattheCorporation’sprincipalexecutiveofficesoratsuchotherlocationsoutsidetheStateofDelawareasmayfromtimetotimebedesignatedbytheBoardofDirectors.

ARTICLE IISTOCKHOLDERS

Annual Meeting

2.1 TheannualmeetingofstockholdersoftheCorporationfortheelectionofdirectorsandthetransactionofsuchotherbusinessasmayproperlycomebeforeitshallbeheldonsuchdate,atsuchtimeandatsuchplace,eitherwithinorwithouttheStateofDelaware,asmaybefixedbytheBoardofDirectorsandsetforthinthenoticeofmeeting.TheBoardofDirectorsmay,initssolediscretion,determinethatameetingshallnotbeheldatanyplace,butmayinsteadbeheldsolelybymeansofremotecommunicationasauthorizedbySection211(a)oftheGeneralCorporationLawoftheStateofDelaware(theDGCL).

Special Meetings

2.2 SpecialmeetingsofthestockholdersoftheCorporationmaybecalledonlybytheChairmanoftheBoardoftheCorporation,andshallbecalledbytheSecretaryoftheCorporationattherequestoftheBoardofDirectorsoruponreceiptofawrittenrequesttodoso,specifyingthematterormattersappropriateforactionatsuchmeeting,signedbyholdersofrecordofamajorityofsharesofstockthatwouldbeentitledtobevotedonsuchmatterormattersifthemeetingwereheldonthedatesuchrequestisreceivedand

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therecorddatewerethecloseofbusinessontheprecedingday.TheBoardofDirectorsmaydesignatetheplaceofmeetingforanyspecialmeetingofthestockholders,andifnosuchdesignationismade,theplaceofmeetingshallbetheprincipalexecutiveofficeoftheCorporation.

Notice of Meetings

2.3 Wheneverstockholdersarerequiredorpermittedtotakeanyactionatameeting,unlessotherwiseprovidedinSection2.7oftheseBylaws,awrittennoticeofthemeetingshallbegivenwhichshallstatetheplace(ifany),dateandhourofthemeeting,themeansofcommunication(ifany)bywhichstockholdersandproxyholdersmaybedeemedtobepresentinpersonandvoteatsuchmeetingand,inthecaseofaspecialmeeting,thepurposeorpurposesforwhichthemeetingiscalled.

Unlessotherwiseprovidedbylaw,andexceptastoanystockholderdulywaivingnotice,thewrittennoticeofanymeetingshallbegivennotlessthan10normorethan60daysbeforethedateofthemeetingtoeachstockholderentitledtovoteatsuchmeeting.Ifmailed,noticeshallbedeemedgivenwhendepositedinthemail,postageprepaid,directedtothestockholderatsuchstockholder’saddressasitappearsontherecordsoftheCorporation.AnypreviouslyscheduledmeetingofthestockholdersmaybepostponedbyresolutionoftheBoardofDirectors,exceptthatameetingrequestedbytheholdersofrecordofsharesofstockpursuanttoSection2.2oftheseBylawsmaybepostponedonlybytheholdersofrecordthatrequestedthemeeting.

Whenameetingisadjournedtoanothertimeorplace,noticeneednotbegivenoftheadjournedmeetingifthetime,place(ifany)thereofandthemeansofremotecommunications(ifany)bywhichstockholdersandproxyholdersmaybedeemedtobepresentinpersonandvoteatsuchadjournedmeetingareannouncedatthemeetingatwhichtheadjournmentistaken.AttheadjournedmeetingtheCorporationmaytransactanybusinessthatmighthavebeentransactedattheoriginalmeeting.If,however,theadjournmentisformorethan30days,orifaftertheadjournmentanewrecorddateisfixedfortheadjournedmeeting,anoticeoftheadjournedmeetingshallbegiventoeachstockholderofrecordentitledtovoteatthemeeting.

Quorum

2.4 ExceptasotherwiseprovidedbylaworbytheCertificateofIncorporationorbytheseBylaws,atanymeetingofstockholderstheholdersofamajorityofthevotingpoweroftheoutstandingsharesoftheCorporationentitledtovotegenerallyintheelectionofdirectors(theVotingStock),eitherpresentinpersonorrepresentedbyproxy,shallconstituteaquorumforthetransactionofanybusinessatsuchmeeting.ThechairmanofthemeetingoramajorityofthevotingpowerofthesharesofVotingStocksorepresentedmayadjournthemeetingfromtimetotime,whetherornotthereissuchaquorum.NonoticeofthetimeandplaceofadjournedmeetingsneedbegivenexceptasprovidedinthelastparagraphofSection2.3oftheseBylaws.Thestockholderspresentatadulyorganizedmeetingmaycontinuetotransactbusinessuntiladjournment,notwithstandingthewithdrawalofenoughstockholderstoleavelessthanaquorum.

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Voting

2.5 Wheneverdirectorsaretobeelectedatameeting,theyshallbeelectedbyapluralityofthevotescastatthemeetingbytheholdersofstockentitledtovotefortheelectionofdirectors.Inallmattersotherthantheelectionofdirectors,exceptasotherwiserequiredbylaworbytheCertificateofIncorporationorbytheseBylaws,theaffirmativevoteoftheholdersofamajorityofthesharesofstockpresentinpersonorrepresentedbyproxyandentitledtovoteonthesubjectmattershallbetheactofthestockholders.

Exceptasotherwiseprovidedbylaw,orbytheCertificateofIncorporation,eachholderofrecordofstockoftheCorporationentitledtovoteonanymatteratanymeetingofstockholdersshallbeentitledtoonevoteforeachshareofsuchstockstandinginthenameofsuchholderonthestockledgeroftheCorporationontherecorddateforthedeterminationofthestockholdersentitledtovoteatthemeeting.

UnlessotherwiseprovidedintheCertificateofIncorporation,thevotefordirectorsshallbebywrittenballot;provided thattheBoardofDirectorsmayauthorizethatsuchrequirementofawrittenballotmaybesatisfiedbyaballotsubmittedbyelectronictransmissioninaccordancewiththerequirementsofSection211(e)oftheDGCL.Otherwisethemethodofvotingandthemannerinwhichvotesarecountedshallbediscretionarywiththepresidingofficeratthemeeting.

Proxies

2.6 Eachstockholderentitledtovoteatameetingofstockholdersmayauthorizeanotherpersonorpersonstoactforsuchstockholderbyproxy,butnosuchproxyshallbevotedoracteduponafterthree(3)yearsfromitsdate,unlesstheproxyprovidesforalongerperiod.SuchproxymustbefiledwiththeSecretaryoftheCorporationortheSecretary’srepresentativeatorbeforethetimeofthemeeting.

Stockholder Action by Written Consent

2.7 AnyactionrequiredorpermittedtobetakenbythestockholdersoftheCorporationatanannualorspecialmeetingofthestockholdersmaybetakenwithoutameeting,withoutpriornoticeandwithoutavote,byaconsentorconsentsaspermittedbySection228oftheDGCLanddeliveredtotheCorporationasrequiredbySection228(a)oftheDGCL.PromptnoticeofthetakingofthecorporateactionwithoutameetingbylessthanunanimouswrittenconsentshallbegivenbytheSecretaryoftheCorporationtothosestockholderswhohavenotconsentedinwritingandwhoareentitledtoreceivethesameunderSection228(e)oftheDGCL.

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Fixing of Record Date

2.8 TheBoardofDirectors,byresolution,mayfixadatefordeterminingthestockholdersofrecord,whichrecorddateshallnotbeearlierthanthedateofsuchresolution.Therecorddateshallbedeterminedasfollows:

(a) Therecorddatefordeterminingthestockholdersentitledtonoticeofortovoteatanymeetingofstockholdersoranyadjournmentthereofshallnotbemorethan60norlessthan10daysbeforethedateofthemeeting.IfnosuchrecorddateisfixedbytheBoardofDirectors,therecorddateshallbethecloseofbusinessonthedayimmediatelyprecedingthedayonwhichnoticeisgiven,or,ifnoticeiswaived,atthecloseofbusinessonthedayimmediatelyprecedingthedayonwhichthemeetingisheld.TherecorddateshallapplytoanyadjournmentofthemeetingunlesstheBoardofDirectorsfixesanewrecorddatefortheadjournedmeeting.

(b) Therecorddatefordeterminingthestockholdersentitledtoconsenttocorporateactioninwritingwithoutameetingshallnotbemorethan10daysafterthedateuponwhichtheresolutionfixingtherecorddateisadoptedbytheBoardofDirectors.IfnosuchrecorddateisfixedbytheBoardofDirectors,therecorddateshallbedeterminedasfollows:

(i) ifnoprioractionbytheBoardofDirectorsisrequiredundertheDGCL,therecorddateshallbethefirstdateonwhichasignedwritten

consentsettingforththeactiontakenorproposedtobetakenisdeliveredtotheCorporationpursuanttotherequirementsofSection2.7oftheseBylaws;and

(ii) ifprioractionbytheBoardofDirectorsisrequiredundertheDGCL,therecorddateshallbethecloseofbusinessonthedayonwhichtheBoardofDirectorsadoptsaresolutiontakingsuchprioraction.

(c) Therecorddatefordeterminingthestockholdersentitledtoreceivepaymentofanydividendorotherdistributionorallotmentofrightsorthestockholdersentitledtoexerciseanyrightsinrespectofanychange,conversionorexchangeofstock,orforthepurposeofanyotherlawfulaction,shallbenotmorethan60dayspriortosuchaction.IfnosuchrecorddateisfixedbytheBoardofDirectors,therecorddatefordeterminingthestockholdersforanysuchpurposeshallbethecloseofbusinessonthedayonwhichtheBoardofDirectorsadoptstheresolutionrelatingtosuchpurpose.

ARTICLE IIIDIRECTORS

Number and Qualifications

3.1 ThenumberofdirectorsoftheCorporationshallbefixedfromtimetotimebyresolutionoftheBoardofDirectors.ThedirectorsneednotbestockholdersoftheCorporation.ThenumberofdirectorsmaybechangedbyanamendmenttotheseBylaws.

Manner of Election

3.2 ThedirectorsshallbeelectedasprovidedinSection2.5oftheseBylaws.

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Term of Office

3.3 Thetermofofficeofeachdirectorshallbeuntilthenextannualmeetingofthestockholdersanduntilsuchdirector’ssuccessorhasbeendulyelectedandhasqualifiedoruntilsuchdirector’searlierdeath,resignationorremoval.

Duties and Powers; Committees

3.4 TheBoardofDirectorsshallhavecontrolandmanagementoftheaffairsandbusinessoftheCorporation.Thedirectorsmayadoptsuchrulesandregulationsfortheconductoftheirmeetings,fortheconductofstockholdermeetingsandthemanagementoftheCorporationastheymaydeemproper,notinconsistentwithlawortheseBylaws.TheBoardofDirectorsmaydesignateoneormorecommitteesoftheBoardofDirectorsastheBoardofDirectorsmaydetermine,eachcommitteetoconsistofoneormoreofthedirectorsoftheCorporationandtohavesuchpowers,authorityanddutiesasshallfromtimetotimebeprescribedbytheBoardofDirectors.Intheabsenceordisqualificationofamemberofacommittee,thememberormemberspresentatanymeetingandnotdisqualifiedfromvoting,whetherornotsuchmemberormembersconstituteaquorum,mayunanimouslyappointanothermemberoftheBoardofDirectorstoactatthemeetingintheplaceofanysuchabsentordisqualifiedmember.

Meetings

3.5 TheBoardofDirectorsshallmeetfortheelectionorappointmentofofficersandforthetransactionofanyotherbusinessassoonaspracticableaftertheadjournmentoftheannualmeetingofthestockholders,andotherregularmeetingsoftheBoardofDirectorsshallbeheldatsuchtimesastheBoardofDirectorsmayfromtimetotimedetermine.

TheChairmanoftheBoardmay,atanytimeandfromtimetotimecallaspecialmeetingoftheBoardofDirectors.Atthewrittenrequestofanytwodirectors,theChairmanoftheBoardmustcallaspecialmeetingoftheBoardofDirectorstobeheldnotmorethansevendaysafterreceiptofsuchrequest.

Notice of Meetings

3.6 NonoticeneedbegivenofanyregularmeetingoftheBoardofDirectors.Noticeofspecialmeetingsshallbegiventoeachdirectorinpersonorbymailaddressedtohimathislast-knownpostofficeaddress,orbyothermeans,atleasttwobusinessdayspriortothedateofsuchmeeting,specifyingthetimeandplaceofthemeetingandthebusinesstobetransactedthereat.SubjecttoSection229oftheDGCL,atanymeetingatwhichallofthedirectorsshallbepresent,althoughheldwithoutnotice,anybusinessmaytransactedwhichmighthavebeentransactedifthemeetinghadbeendulycalled.

Place of Meeting

3.7 TheBoardofDirectorsmayholditsmeetingseitherwithinorwithouttheStateofDelaware,atsuchplaceasmaybedesignatedinthenoticeofanysuchmeetingand,intheabsenceofsuchdesignation,suchmeetingshallbeheldattheprincipalexecutiveofficesoftheCorporation.

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Quorum

3.8 AtanymeetingoftheBoardofDirectors,thepresenceofamajorityofthetotalnumberofdirectorsshallbenecessarytoconstituteaquorumforthetransactionofbusiness.Shouldaquorumnotbepresent,alessernumbermayadjournthemeetingtosomefuturetime.

Voting

3.9 AtallmeetingsoftheBoardofDirectorsoranycommitteethereof,eachdirectorshallhaveonevoteandtheactofamajoritypresentatameetingatwhichaquorumispresentshallbetheactoftheBoardofDirectorsorofsuchcommittee.

Action Without a Meeting

3.10 AnyactionrequiredorpermittedtobetakenatameetingoftheBoardofDirectorsoranycommitteethereofmaybetakenwithoutameetingifallofthedirectorsorallofthemembersofsuchcommittee,asthecasemaybe,consenttheretointhemannerprovidedinSection141(f)oftheDGCL,andsuchconsentisfiledwiththeminutesofproceedingsoftheBoardofDirectorsorcommitteeasrequiredorpermittedbySection141(f)oftheDGCL.

Compensation

3.11 EachdirectorshallbeentitledtoreceiveforattendanceateachmeetingoftheBoardofDirectorsorofanydulyconstitutedcommitteethereofsuchcompensationand/orexpensereimbursementasisdeterminedbytheBoardofDirectors.

Vacancies

3.12 AnyvacancyoccurringintheBoardofDirectors,whetherbydeath,resignationorotherwise(includinganynewlycreateddirectorship),maybefilledbyamajorityvoteoftheremainingdirectors,althoughlessthanaquorum,orbyasoleremainingdirector.WhenoneormoredirectorsshallresignfromtheBoardofDirectors,effectiveatafuturedate,amajorityofthedirectorstheninoffice,includingthosewhohavesoresigned,shallhavethepowertofillsuchvacancyorvacancies,thevotethereontotakeeffectwhensuchresignation(s)shallbecomeeffective.Thedirectorthuschosenshallholdofficefortheunexpiredtermofsuchdirector’spredecessor,ifany,anduntiltheelectionandqualificationofsuchdirector’ssuccessororuntilsuchdirector’searlierdeath,resignationorremoval.

Removal of Directors

3.13 Anydirectormayberemovedeitherwithorwithoutcause,atanytime,byavoteofthestockholdersholdingamajorityofthevotingpoweroftheVotingStock,atanyspecialmeetingcalledforthatpurpose,orattheannualmeeting.

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Resignation

3.14 Anydirectormayresignatanytime,suchresignationtobemadeinwriting.Anysuchresignationshalltakeeffectimmediately,unlesstheresignationisstatedtobeeffectiveatafuturedate.

ARTICLE IVOFFICERS

Officers and Qualifications

4.1 TheofficersoftheCorporationshallbeaChairmanoftheBoard,aChiefExecutiveOfficer,aPresident,aSecretary,aTreasurer,andsuchotherofficersastheBoardofDirectorsmaydetermine.Anynumberofofficesmaybeheldbythesameperson.

Election

4.2 AllofficersoftheCorporationshallbechosenbytheBoardofDirectorsatitsmeetingheldimmediatelyaftertheannualmeetingofstockholders.

Term of Office

4.3 Eachofficershallholdofficeuntilsuchofficer’ssuccessorisdulyelectedandqualified,oruntilsuchofficer’searlierdeath,resignationorremoval.

Resignation

4.4 AnyofficeroftheCorporationmayresignatanytimebygivingwrittennoticeofsuchresignationtotheBoardofDirectors,theChairmanoftheBoard,thePresidentortheSecretaryoftheCorporation.Anysuchresignationshalltakeeffectatthetimespecifiedthereinor,ifnotimeisspecified,uponreceiptthereofbytheBoardofDirectorsoroneoftheabove-namedofficers.Unlessspecifiedtherein,theacceptanceofsuchresignationshallnotbenecessarytomakeiteffective.

Removal of Officers

4.5 AnyofficermayberemovedeitherwithorwithoutcausebythevoteofamajorityoftheBoardofDirectors.

Duties of Officers

4.6 Theduties,powersandauthorityoftheofficersoftheCorporationshallbeasfollowsandasshallhereafterbesetbyresolutionoftheBoardofDirectors,subjectalwaystothedirectionoftheBoardofDirectors:

Chairman of the Board

(a) TheChairmanoftheBoardshallpresideatallmeetingsoftheBoardofDirectorsandatallmeetingsofthestockholders,andshallcausetobecalledregularandspecialmeetingsofthestockholdersanddirectorsinaccordancewiththerequirementsoftheDGCLandoftheseBylaws.

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Chief Executive Officer

(b) Subjecttosuchdutiesandpowers,ifany,asmaybegivenbytheBoardofDirectorstotheChairmanoftheBoard:

(i) TheChiefExecutiveOfficershallbethechiefexecutiveofficeroftheCorporation.

(ii) TheChiefExecutiveOfficershallpresentateachannualmeetingofthestockholdersanddirectorsareportoftheconditionofthebusinessoftheCorporation.

(iii) TheChiefExecutiveOfficershallappoint,discharge,andfixthecompensationofallemployeesandagentsoftheCorporationotherthanthedulyelectedofficers,subjecttotheapprovaloftheBoardofDirectors.

(iv) TheChiefExecutiveOfficershallenforcetheseBylawsandperformalldutiesincidenttosuchofficeandwhicharerequiredbylaw,shallsee

thatallordersandresolutionsoftheBoardofDirectorsarecarriedintoeffect,and,generally,shallsuperviseandcontrolthebusinessandaffairsoftheCorporation.

(v) TheChiefExecutiveOfficershallhavethepowerandauthoritytoexecuteanddeliverinthenameandonbehalfoftheCorporationanyandalldulyauthorizedagreements,documentsandinstruments.

President

(c) Subjecttosuchdutiesandpowers,ifany,asmaybegivenbytheBoardofDirectorstotheChairmanoftheBoardandtotheChiefExecutiveOfficeroftheCorporation:

(i) ThePresidentshallbethechiefadministrativeofficeroftheCorporation.

(ii) ThePresidentshallcauseallbooks,reports,statements,andcertificatestobeproperlykeptandfiledasrequiredbylaw.

(iii) ThePresidentshallenforcetheseBylawsandperformalldutiesincidenttosuchofficeandwhicharerequiredbylaw,and,generally,shallsuperviseandcontrolthebusinessandaffairsoftheCorporation.

(iv) ThePresidentshallhavethepowerandauthoritytoexecuteanddeliverinthenameandonbehalfoftheCorporationanyandalldulyauthorizedagreements,documentsandinstruments.

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Secretary

(d) (i) TheSecretaryshallkeeptheminutesofthemeetingsoftheBoardofDirectorsandofthestockholdersinappropriatebooks.

(ii)

TheSecretaryshallattendtothegivingofnoticeofspecialmeetingsoftheBoardofDirectorsandofallthemeetingsofthestockholdersoftheCorporation.

(iii)TheSecretaryshallbecustodianoftherecordsandsealoftheCorporationandshallaffixthesealtocorporatepaperswhenrequired.

(iv)

TheSecretaryshallkeepattheprincipalexecutiveofficesoftheCorporationabookorrecordcontinuingthenames,alphabeticallyarranged,ofallpersonswhoarestockholdersoftheCorporation,showingtheirplacesofresidence,thenumberandclassofsharesheldbythemrespectively,andthedateswhentheyrespectivelybecametheownersofrecordthereof.TheSecretaryshallkeepsuchbookorrecordandtheminutesoftheproceedingsofitsstockholdersopendailyduringtheusualbusinesshours,forinspection,withinthelimitsprescribedbylaw,byanypersondulyauthorizedtoinspectsuchrecords.

(v)

TheSecretaryshallattendtoallcorrespondenceandpresenttotheBoardofDirectorsatitsmeetingsallofficialcommunicationsreceivedbytheSecretary.

(vi) TheSecretaryshallperformallotherdutiesincidenttotheofficeofSecretaryoftheCorporation.

Treasurer

(e)(i)

TheTreasurershallhavethecareandcustodyofandberesponsibleforallthefundsandsecuritiesoftheCorporation,andshalldepositsuchfundsandsecuritiesinthenameoftheCorporationinsuchbanksorsafedepositcompaniesastheBoardofDirectorsmaydesignate.

(ii)

TheTreasurershallmake,sign,andendorseinthenameoftheCorporationallchecks,drafts,notes,andotherordersforthepaymentofmoney,andpayoutanddisposeofsuchunderthedirectionofthePresidentortheBoardofDirectors.

(iii)

TheTreasurershallkeepattheprincipalexecutiveofficesoftheCorporationaccuratebooksofaccountofallitsbusinessandtransactionsandshallatallreasonablehoursexhibitbooksandaccountstoanydirectoruponproperapplicationattheofficeoftheCorporationduringbusinesshours.

(iv)

TheTreasurershallrenderareportoftheconditionofthefinancesoftheCorporationateachregularmeetingoftheBoardofDirectorsandatsuchothertimesasshallberequired,andshallmakeafullfinancialreportattheannualmeetingofthestockholders.

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(v) TheTreasurershallperformallotherdutiesincidenttotheofficeofTreasureroftheCorporation.

Other Officers

(f) OtherofficersshallperformsuchdutiesandhavesuchpowersandauthorityasmaybeassignedtothembytheBoardofDirectors.

Vacancies

4.7 AllvacanciesinanyofficemaybefilledbytheBoardofDirectors,eitheratregularmeetingsoratameetingspeciallycalledforthatpurpose.

Compensation of Officers

4.8 TheofficersshallreceivesuchsalaryorothercompensationasmaybefixedbytheBoardofDirectors.

ARTICLE VSEAL

5.1 ThesealoftheCorporationshallbeinaformapprovedbytheBoardofDirectors.

ARTICLE VISHARES

Certificates

6.1 ThesharesoftheCorporationshallberepresentedbycertificatesinaformapprovedbytheBoardofDirectorsandsignedbythePresident,andbytheSecretaryoranAssistantSecretary,ortheTreasureroranAssistantTreasurer.Thecertificatesshallbenumberedconsecutivelyandintheorderinwhichtheyareissued(commencingwiththenumber“1”);theyshallbeboundinabookandshallbeissuedinconsecutiveordertherefrom,andinthemarginthereofshallbeenteredthenameofthepersontowhomtheshare(s)representedbyeachsuchcertificateareissued,thenumberandclassorseriesofsuchshares,andthedateofissue.Eachcertificateshallstatetheregisteredholder’sname,thenumberandclassofsharesrepresentedthereby,thedateofissue,theparvalueofsuchshares,orthattheyarewithoutparvalue;andmayalsobearotherwordingorlegendsrelatingtotheownership,issuanceandtransferabilityofthesharesrepresentedthereby.Anyorallofthesignaturesonanysuchcertificatemaybeafacsimile.

Subscriptions

6.2 SubscriptionstoorpurchasesofthesharesofstockoftheCorporationshallbepaidatsuchtimesandinsuchinstallmentsastheBoardofDirectorsmaydetermine.Ifdefaultshallbemadeinthepaymentofanyinstallmentasrequiredbysuchresolution,theBoardofDirectorsmaydeclarethesharesandallpreviouspaymentsthereonforfeitedfortheuseoftheCorporationinthemannerprescribedbytheDGCL.

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Transfer of Shares

6.3 ThesharesoftheCorporationshallbeassignableandtransferableonlyonthebooksandrecordsoftheCorporationbytheholderofrecord,orbyhisdulyauthorizedattorney,uponsurrenderofthecertificatedulyandproperlyendorsedwithproperevidenceofauthoritytotransfer.TheCorporationshallissueanewcertificateforthesharessurrenderedtothepersonorpersonsentitledthereto.

Return Certificates

6.4 AllcertificatesforsharesreturnedtotheCorporationfortransfershallbemarkedbytheSecretary“CANCELLED,”withthedateofcancellation,andthetransactionshallbeimmediatelyrecordedinthecertificatebookoppositethememorandumoftheirissue.Thereturnedcertificatemaybeinsertedinthecertificatebook.

Holder of Record

6.5 Beforeduepresentmentforregistrationoftransferofacertificateforsharesinregisteredformorofaninstructionrequestingregistrationoftransferofuncertificatedshares,theCorporationmaytreattheholderofrecordasthepersonexclusivelyentitledtovote,receivenotificationsandotherwiseentitledtoalltherightsandpowersofanowner,notwithstandinganynoticetothecontrary.

Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated or Stolen Certificates

6.6 TheCorporationmayissueanewcertificate(ortreatasuncertificatedshare(s))inplaceofanycertificatetheretoforeissuedbyit,allegedtohavebeenlost,stolen,destroyedormutilated,iftheholderofrecordofsuchcertificateorsuchholder’slegalrepresentative(i)submitsawrittenrequestforthereplacementofthecertificate,togetherwithsuchevidenceastheBoardofDirectorsmaydeemsatisfactoryofsuchloss,theft,destructionormutilationofthecertificateandsuchrequestisreceivedbytheCorporationbeforetheCorporationhasnoticethatthecertificatehasbeenacquiredbyaprotectedpurchaser,(ii)ifrequiredbytheBoardofDirectors,fileswiththeCorporationabondsufficienttoindemnifytheCorporationagainstanyclaimthatmaybemadeagainsttheCorporationonaccountoftheallegedloss,theft,destructionormutilationofsuchcertificateortheissuanceofanysuchnewcertificateand(iii)satisfiessuchothertermsandconditionsastheBoardofDirectorsmayfromtimetotimeprescribe.

ARTICLE VIIDIVIDENDS

Declaration of Dividends

7.1 TheBoardofDirectorsatanyregularorspecialmeetingmaydeclaredividendspayableoutoflegallyavailablefundsoftheCorporation,wheneverintheexerciseofitsdiscretionitmaydeemsuchdeclarationadvisable.Suchdividendmaybepaidincash,property,orsharesoftheCorporation.

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ARTICLE VIIIINDEMNIFICATION

Right to Indemnification

8.1 TheCorporationshallindemnifyandholdharmless,tothefullestextentpermittedbyapplicablelawasitpresentlyexistsormayhereafterbeamended,anypersonwhowasorismadeoristhreatenedtobemadeapartyorisotherwiseinvolvedinanythreatened,pending,orcompletedaction,suitorproceeding,whethercivil,criminal,administrativeorinvestigative(aProceeding)byreasonofthefactthatsuchperson,oranyotherpersonforwhomsuchpersonisthelegalrepresentative,isorwasadirector,officeroremployeeoftheCorporationorisorwasservingattherequestoftheCorporationasadirector,officer,employeeoragentofanothercorporationorofapartnership,jointventure,trust,otherenterpriseornon-profitentity,includingservicewithrespecttoemployeebenefitplans(anIndemnitee),againstallliabilityandlosssufferedandexpenses(includingattorneys’fees)reasonablyincurredbysuchIndemniteeifsuchIndemniteeactedingoodfaithandinamannertheIndemniteereasonablybelievedtobeinornotopposedtothebestinterestsoftheCorporation,and,withrespecttoanyProceeding,hadnoreasonablecausetobelievethattheIndemnitee’sconductwasunlawful.TheCorporationshallberequiredtoindemnifyanIndemniteeinconnectionwithaProceeding(orpartthereof)initiatedbysuchIndemniteeonlyiftheinitiationofsuchProceeding(orpartthereof)bytheIndemniteewasauthorizedbytheBoardofDirectors.TheindemnificationprovidedinthisSection8.1andtheadvancementofexpensesprovidedinSection8.2oftheseBylawsshall,unlessotherwiseprovidedwhenauthorizedorratifiedbytheBoardofDirectors,continueastoanIndemniteewhohasceasedtobeadirector,officer,employeeoragentasaforesaidandshallinuretothebenefitoftheheirs,executorsandadministratorsofsuchIndemnitee.AnyindemnificationunderthisSection9.1(unlessorderedbyacourt)shallbemadebytheCorporationonlyasauthorizedinthespecificcaseuponadeterminationthattheindemnificationoftheIndemniteeisproperinthecircumstancesbecausesuchIndemniteehasmettheapplicablestandardofconductsetforthinthisSection.Suchdeterminationshallbemade,withrespecttoanIndemniteewhoisadirectororofficeratthetimeofsuchdetermination,(1)bymajorityvoteofthedirectorswhoarenotpartytosuchProceeding,eventhoughlessthanaquorum,or(2)byacommitteeofsuchdirectorsdesignatedbymajorityvoteofsuchdirectors,eventhoughlessthanaquorumor(3)iftherearenosuchdirectors,orifsuchdirectorssodirect,byindependentlegalcounselinawrittenopinionor(4)bythestockholders.

Advancement of Expenses

8.2 TheCorporationshallpaytheexpenses(includingattorneys’fees)incurredbyanIndemniteeindefendinganyProceedingreferredtoinSection8.1oftheseBylawsinadvanceofitsfinaldisposition;provided thatthepaymentofexpensesincurredbyanIndemniteeinadvanceofthefinaldispositionofsuchProceedingshallbemadeonlyuponreceiptofanundertakingbytheIndemniteetorepayallamountsadvancedifitshouldultimatelybedeterminedthattheIndemniteeisnotentitledtobeIndemnifiedunderthisArticleorotherwise.

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Claims

8.3 IfaclaimforindemnificationoradvancementofexpensesunderthisArticleisnotpaidinfullwithinsixty(60)daysafterawrittenclaimthereforebytheIndemniteehasbeenreceivedbytheCorporation,theIndemniteemayfilesuittorecovertheunpaidamountofsuchclaimand,ifsuccessfulinwholeorinpart,shallbeentitledtobepaidtheexpenseofsuchclaim.InanysuchactiontheCorporationshallhavetheburdenofprovingthattheIndemniteewasnotentitledtotherequestedindemnificationoradvancementofexpenses.

Non-exclusivity of Rights

8.4 TherightsconferredonanyIndemniteebythisArticleshallnotbeexclusiveofanyotherrightswhichsuchIndemniteemayhaveorhereafteracquireunderanystatute,provisionoftheCertificateofIncorporation,theseBylaws,agreement,voteofstockholdersordisinteresteddirectorsorotherwise.

Other Indemnification

8.5 TheCorporation’sobligation,ifany,toindemnifyanyIndemniteewhowasorisservingatitsrequestasadirector,officer,employeeoragentofanothercorporation,partnership,jointventure,trust,enterpriseornon-profitentityshallbereducedbyanyamountsuchIndemniteemaycollectasindemnificationfromsuchothercorporation,partnership,jointventure,trust,enterpriseornon-profitentity.

Amendment or Repeal

8.6 AnyrepealormodificationoftheforegoingprovisionsofthisArticleshallnotadverselyaffectanyrightorprotectionhereunderofanyIndemniteeinrespectofanyactoromissionoccurringpriortothetimeofsuchrepealormodification.

ARTICLE IXAMENDMENTS

Manner of Amending

9.1 TheBylawsmaybealtered,amendedorrepealed,ornewBylawsadoptedbyamajorityoftheentireBoardofDirectorsataregularorspecialmeetingoftheBoard,oranyunanimouswrittenconsentinlieuthereoftakeninaccordancewithSection3.10oftheseBylawsandSection141(f)oftheDGCL.However,anyBylawsadoptedbytheBoardmaybealtered,amended,orrepealedbythestockholders.

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ARTICLE XMISCELLANEOUS

Waiver of Notice

10.1 WhenevernoticeisrequiredtobegivenbytheCertificateofIncorporation,theseBylawsoranyprovisionoftheDGCL,awrittenwaiverthereof,signedbythepersonentitledtosuchnotice,orawaiverbyelectronictransmissionbythepersonentitledtonotice,whetherbeforeorafterthetimerequiredforsuchnotice,shallbedeemedtobeequivalenttosuchnotice.Attendanceofapersonatameetingshallconstituteawaiverofnoticeofsuchmeeting,exceptwhenthepersonattendsameetingfortheexpresspurposeofobjecting,atthebeginningofthemeeting,tothetransactionofanybusinessbecausethemeetingwasnotlawfullycalledorconvened.Neitherthebusinesstobetransactedat,northepurposeof,anyregularorspecialmeetingofthestockholders,directorsormembersofacommitteeofdirectorsneedbespecifiedinanysuchwrittenwaiverofnoticeoranywaiverbyelectronictransmission.

Fiscal Year

10.2 ThefiscalyearofthecorporationshallbefixedbyresolutionoftheBoardofDirectors.

****ENDOFBYLAWS****

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Exhibit 3.3

CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION OF

BISON MERGER SUB I, LLC

Theundersigned,asanauthorizedperson,hasdulyexecutedandisfilingthisCertificateofFormationforthepurposeofformingalimitedliabilitycompanyundertheDelawareLimitedLiabilityCompanyAct:

FIRST :ThenameofthelimitedliabilitycompanyisBisonMergerSubI,LLC(hereinafterreferredtoastheCompany).

SECOND :TheaddressoftheCompany’sregisteredofficeintheStateofDelawareisc/otheCorporationServiceCompany,251LittleFallsDrive,intheCityofWilmington,CountyofNewCastle,Delaware19808.ThenameofitsregisteredagentatsuchaddressistheCorporationServiceCompany.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, theundersignedhasexecutedthisCertificateofFormationofBisonMergerSubI,LLCthis7thdayofDecember,2017./s/FaisalHaiderName: FaisalHaiderTitle: AuthorizedPerson

Exhibit 3.4

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT OFBISON MERGER SUB I, LLC

ThisLIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT (thisAgreement),isenteredasofDecember10,2017,byUniminCorporation,aDelawarecorporation(theMember),andBisonMergerSubI,LLC,aDelawarelimitedliabilitycompany(theCompany).

1. N AME A ND P LACE OF B USINESS

ThenameoftheCompanyis“BisonMergerSubI,LLC.”Itsregisteredofficeisc/otheCorporationServiceCompany,251LittleFallsDrive,intheCityofWilmington,CountyofNewCastle,Delaware19808,anditsregisteredagentisTheCorporationServiceCompany.ItsprincipalplaceofbusinessshallbelocatedatsuchplaceorplacesastheMembermaydeterminefromtimetotime.TheMemberherebyacknowledges,approvesandratifiesthefilingwiththeSecretaryofStateoftheStateofDelawaretheCertificateofFormationoftheCompany(theCertificate)pursuanttotheAct(asdefinedbelow)onDecember7,2017.

2. D EFINITIONS A ND R ULES OF C ONSTRUCTION

Definitions

2.1Asusedherein,thefollowingtermsshallhavethefollowingmeanings:

ActmeanstheDelawareLimitedLiabilityCompanyAct,6Del.C.§18-101through§18-1107,asamendedandineffectfromtimetotime.

Affiliateshallmean,inrelationtoanyPerson,anyotherPersoncontrolled,directlyorindirectly,bysuchfirstPerson,anyotherPersonthatcontrols,directlyorindirectly,suchfirstPersonoranyotherPersondirectlyorindirectlyundercommoncontrolwithsuchfirstPerson.Forthispurpose,controlofanyentityshallmeanownershipofamajorityofthevotingpoweroftheentity.

Agreementhasthemeaningsetforthinthepreamble.

CertificatehasthemeaningsetforthinSection1.

Companyhasthemeaningsetforthinthepreamble.

EventofWithdrawalhasthemeaningsetforthinSection12.2(a).

FiscalYearhasthemeaningsetforthinSection8.2.

InterestmeanstheMember’sshareoftheprofitsandlossesoftheCompanyanditsrighttoreceivedistributionsoftheCompany’sassets;theInterestshallbedividedinto100authorizedUnits,allofwhichshallbeissuedtotheMemberinaccordancewithSection4hereof.

LiquidatorhasthemeaningsetforthinSection12.2(b).

Memberhasthemeaningsetforthinthepreamble.

Personmeansanyindividual,corporation,limitedorgeneralpartnership,jointventure,limitedliabilitycompany,limitedliabilitypartnership,association,joint-stockcompany,trust,unincorporatedorganizationorotherorganization,whetherornotalegalentity,andanygovernmentalagencyorregulatoryauthority.

UnitshasthemeaningsetforthinthedefinitionofInterest.

Rules of Construction

2.2 AsusedinthisAgreement:

(a) thedefinitionsoftermshereinshallapplyequallytothesingularandpluralformsofthetermsdefined;

(b) wheneverthecontextmayrequire,anypronounshallincludethecorrespondingmasculine,feminineandneuterforms;

(c) thewords“include”,“includes”and“including”shallbedeemedtobefollowedbythephrase“withoutlimitation”;

(d) theword“will”shallbeconstruedtohavethesamemeaningandeffectastheword“shall”;

(e) anydefinitionoforreferencetoanyagreement,instrumentorotherdocumenthereinshallbeconstruedasreferringtosuchagreement,instrumentorotherdocumentasfromtimetotimeamended,supplemented,restatedorotherwisemodified(subjecttoanyapplicablerestrictionsonsuchamendments,supplementsormodifications);

(f) anyreferencehereintoanyPersonshallbeconstruedtoincludesuchPerson’ssuccessorsandpermittedassigns;

(g) thewords“herein”,“hereof”and“hereunder”,andwordsofsimilarimport,shallbeconstruedtorefertothisAgreementinitsentiretyandnottoanyparticularprovisionhereof;

(h) allreferenceshereintoSectionsshallbeconstruedtorefertoSectionsofthisAgreement;and

(i) theheadingsusedinthisAgreementareforconvenienceofreferenceonlyandarenottoaffecttheconstructionofortobetakenintoconsiderationininterpretingthisAgreement.

3. B USINESS , P URPOSE , AND T ERM OF THE C OMPANY

Character of the Business

3.1ThepurposeoftheCompanyshallbetoengageinanylawfulbusiness,purposeoractivitypermittedbytheAct,asdirectedfromtimetotimebytheMember.

Term of the Company

3.2ThetermoftheCompanyshallcommenceonthedatetheCertificateisfiledwiththeDelawareSecretaryofStateinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheActandshallcontinueinperpetualexistenceunlessanduntildissolvedandterminatedpursuanttothisAgreement.

Other Qualifications

3.3TheCompanyshallfileorrecordsuchdocumentsandtakesuchotheractionsunderthelawsofanyjurisdictionasarenecessaryordesirabletopermittheCompanytodobusinessinanysuchjurisdictionasisselectedbytheCompanyandtopromotethelimitationofliabilityfortheMemberinanysuchjurisdiction.

4. C APITAL C ONTRIBUTION ; S UBSCRIPTION

Capital Contribution

4.1 TheMemberherebymakesacontributiontothecapitaloftheCompanyinanamountequalto$1inexchangeforissuancetoitoftheUnitsdescribedinSection4.2,thereceiptofwhichisherebyacknowledgedbytheCompanyasofthedatehereof.TheMemberisundernoobligationtomakeadditionalcontributionstotheCompanybutmaymakesuchadditionalcontributionsofcashorpropertyfromtimetotimetotheCompanyastheMembermayfromtimetotimedetermineinitssolediscretion.

Subscription

4.2 InconsiderationofthecapitalcontributionmadepursuanttoSection4.1,theMemberherebysubscribesforandaccepts100Units,constitutingalloftheCompany’sauthorized“limitedliabilitycompanyinterests”(asdefinedintheAct),andtheCompanyherebyacceptssuchsubscription.TheCompanyherebyconfirmsthat100UnitsissuedtotheMemberaredulyandvalidlyissuedlimitedliabilitycompanyinterests,andareissuedtotheMemberfreeandclearofliensorotherencumbrances,withtheMemberherebyreceivinggoodandvalidtitlethereto.TheMemberconfirmstotheCompanythatitunderstandsthatthe100Unitsissuedtoit(a)havenotbeenregisteredorqualifiedunderanyUSfederalorStatesecuritieslaws,andarebeingissuedtotheMemberpursuanttoanexemptionfromsuchregistrationandqualificationrequirements;(b)arebeingacquiredfortheMember’sownaccountforinvestment,andnotwithaviewtothe

unlawfulresaleordistributionthereof;and(c)arecharacterizedas“restrictedsecurities”undertheUnitedStatesfederalsecuritieslaws(andtheMemberisfamiliarwiththeresalelimitationsimposedthereby).

5. D ISTRIBUTIONS

5.1CashoftheCompanywhichisnotrequired,inthejudgmentoftheMember,tomeetobligationsoftheCompany,norreasonablynecessaryforfutureCompanyoperations,shallbedistributedtotheMemberinsuchamountsandatsuchtimesasdeterminedbytheMember.

6. M ANAGEMENT OF THE C OMPANY

Management by the Member

6.1TheMembershallbesolelyandexclusivelyresponsibleforthemanagementoftheCompany,andshallhavethefullestright,power,andauthoritytomanage,direct,andcontrolallofthebusinessandaffairsoftheCompanyandtotransactbusinessonitsbehalfortosignforitoronitsbehalforotherwisetobindtheCompany.

Officers and Administrators

6.2TheMembermay,fromtimetotime,designateoneormoreofficerswithsuchtitlesasmaybedeterminedbytheMembertoactinthenameoftheCompanywithsuchauthorityasmaybedelegatedtosuchofficer(s)bytheMember.EachofficershallactpursuanttoitsdelegatedauthorityuntilsuchofficerisremovedbytheMember,andtheMembermayremoveanyofficeroftheCompanywithorwithoutcause.AnyactiontakenbyanofficerdesignatedbytheMemberthatiswithintheauthoritydelegatedbytheMembertosuchofficershallconstitutetheactofandservetobindtheCompany.

7. L IABILITY OF M EMBER

ExceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedintheAct,theexpenses,debts,obligationsandliabilitiesoftheCompany,whetherarisingincontract,tortorotherwise,shallbesolelythedebts,obligationsandliabilitiesoftheCompany,andtheMembershallnotbeobligatedpersonallyforanysuchdebt,obligationorliabilityoftheCompany.ExceptasotherwiseexpresslyprovidedintheAct,theliabilityoftheMemberforcapitalcontributionsshallbelimitedtotheamountofcapitalcontributionsrequiredtobemadebytheMemberinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAgreement,butonlywhenandtotheextentthesameshallbecomeduepursuanttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.

8. A CCOUNTING AND F ISCAL M ATTERS

Books and Records

8.1TheMembershallkeep,orshallcausetobekept,full,accurate,complete,andproperbooksandrecordsofalloftheoperationsoftheCompany.

Fiscal Year

8.2ThefiscalyearoftheCompanyforfinancialand,totheextentapplicable,taxpurposes(theFiscalYear)shallbethecalendaryear;providedthatthelastFiscalYearoftheCompanyshallendonthedateonwhichtheCompanyisterminated.

9. T AX M ATTERS

Tax Characterization of the Company;

9.1TheMemberintendsthatforU.S.federal(and,totheextentpermittedbylaw,stateandlocal)incometaxpurposes,whiletheMemberisthesoleowneroftheInterests,theCompanyshallbedisregardedasanentityseparatefromtheMember.

Tax Reporting

9.2TheCompanyshallprepareandtimelyfilealltaxreturnsandreportsrequiredtobefiledbyit.

10. S UBSTITUTE M EMBERS

10.1TheMembermaysell,assign,give,hypothecate,pledge,transfer,bequeath,orotherwisedisposeofanyoralltheUnitsissuedtoit,inwholeorinpart,voluntarily,involuntarily,byoperationoflaw,orotherwise,toanyotherPerson.

10.2If,atanytimeitisproposedthattheCompanyhavetwoormoremembers(whetherbytransferofsomebutnotalloftheUnitsoftheMemberorotherwise),theMember,theCompany,andsuchotherPersonscontemplatedtobemembersoftheCompany,shall,inconnectionwithsuchtransactions(andasaconditiontotheeffectivenessthereof),enterintoanamendmenttothisAgreementasmaybenecessarytoreflecttheiragreementasmembersofamulti-memberDelawarelimitedliabilitycompany,includingamendmentsconcerningtheallocationoftheCompany’sprofitsandlosses,managementandgovernancerights,transferrestrictionsandotherappropriatematters.

11. E XCULPATION AND I NDEMNIFICATION

(a) TheMembershallnotbeliabletotheCompanyforanylosses,claims,damagesorliabilitiesarisingfrom,relatingto,orinconnectionwith,thisAgreementorthebusinessoraffairsoftheCompany,exceptasaredeterminedbyfinaljudgmentofacourtofcompetentjurisdictiontohaveresultedfromtheMember’sgrossnegligence,willfulmisconductorfromthefailurebytheMembertomakeacapitalcontributionrequiredtobemadebyitpursuanttothetermshereof.

(b) TheCompanyshall,tothefullestextentpermittedbyapplicablelaw,indemnifyandholdharmlesstheMemberagainstanylosses,claims,damagesorliabilities(includinglegalfeesandexpensesandenforcementexpenses)towhichthe

Membermaybecomesubjectinconnectionwithanymatterarisingfrom,relatingto,orinconnectionwith,thisAgreementorthebusinessoraffairsoftheCompany,exceptforanysuchlosses,claims,damagesorliabilitiesasaredeterminedbyfinaljudgmentofacourtofcompetentjurisdictiontohaveresultedfromtheMember’sgrossnegligence,willfulmisconductorfromthefailurebytheMembertomakeacapitalcontributionrequiredtobemadebyitpursuanttothetermshereof.IftheMemberbecomesinvolvedinanycapacityinanyaction,proceedingorinvestigationinconnectionwithanymatterarisingfrom,relatingto,orinconnectionwiththisAgreementorthebusinessoraffairsoftheCompany,whetherornotpendingorthreatenedandwhetherornottheMemberisapartythereto,theCompanywillperiodicallyreimburse(ormakeanadvancementto)theMemberforitsactuallegalandotherexpenses(includingthecostofanyinvestigationandpreparation)incurredinconnectiontherewithuponsubmissionbytheMemberofpaidreceiptsorotherevidenceofsuchexpensessatisfactorytotheCompany;providedthattheMembershallpromptlyrepaytotheCompanytheamountofanysuchreimbursedexpensespaidtoittotheextentthatitshallultimatelybedeterminedthattheMemberisnotentitledtobeindemnifiedbytheCompanyinconnectionwithsuchaction,proceedingorinvestigationasprovidedintheexceptioncontainedintheimmediatelyprecedingsentence.Ifforanyreason(otherthanthegrossnegligenceorwillfulmisconductoftheMember’sfailuretomakearequiredcapitalcontribution)theforegoingindemnificationisunavailabletotheMember,orinsufficienttoholditharmless,thentheCompanyshallcontributetotheamountpaidorpayablebytheMemberasaresultofsuchloss,claim,damageorliabilityinsuchproportionasisappropriatetoreflecttherelativebenefitsreceivedbytheCompanyontheonehandandtheMemberontheotherhandor,ifsuchallocationisnotpermittedbyapplicablelaw,toreflectnotonlytherelativebenefitsreferredtoabovebutalsoanyotherrelevantequitableconsiderations.

(c) NotwithstandinganythingelsecontainedinthisAgreement,thereimbursement,advancement,indemnityandcontributionobligationsoftheCompanyunderthisSection11shall(i)beinadditiontoanyliabilitythattheCompanymayotherwisehave,(ii)extenduponthesametermsandconditionstothedirectors,officers,trustees,committeemembers,employees,stockholders,members,partners,agentsandrepresentativesoftheMemberandofeachAffiliateoftheMember,(iii)bebindinguponandinuretothebenefitofanysuccessorsorassignspermittedunderthisAgreement,heirsandpersonalrepresentativesoftheMember,and(iv)belimitedtotheassetsoftheCompany.

(d) TheforegoingprovisionsofthisSection11shallsurviveanyterminationofthisAgreement.

12. D ISSOLUTION

Withdrawal

12.1 TheMembermaywithdrawfromtheCompanyatanytime.

Dissolution of the Company

12.2 (a)TheCompanyshallbedissolved,woundupandterminatedasprovidedhereinuponthe(i)withdrawal,resignationorbankruptcyoftheMember,(ii)theterminationofthelegalexistenceoftheMemberortheoccurrenceofanyothereventwhichterminatesthecontinuedmembershipoftheMemberor(iii)theentryofadecreeofjudicialdissolutionunderSection18-802oftheAct(anEventofWithdrawal).

(b) IntheeventofthedissolutionoftheCompanyforanyreason,theMemberoritssuccessorsorassigns(theLiquidator)shallcommencetowinduptheaffairsoftheCompanyandtoliquidatetheCompanyassets.

(c) TheLiquidatorshallhavealloftherightsandpowerswithrespecttotheassetsandliabilitiesoftheCompanyinconnectionwiththeliquidationandterminationoftheCompanythatitwouldhavewithrespecttotheassetsandliabilitiesoftheCompanyduringthetermoftheCompany.

(d) Notwithstandingtheforegoing,aLiquidatorwhichisnottheMembershallnotbedeemedtheMemberintheCompanyandshallnothaveanyoftheeconomicinterestsintheCompanyoftheMember.

13. A MENDMENT OF A GREEMENT

AmendmentstothisAgreementmaybemadeonlypursuanttoaninstrumentsignedbytheMemberandtheCompany.

14. M ISCELLANEOUS

Nature of Interest of Members

14.1TheInterestoftheMemberintheCompanyispersonalproperty.

Applicable Law

14.2NotwithstandingtheplacewherethisAgreementmaybeexecutedbyanyofthepartieshereto,thisAgreementshallbeconstruedinaccordancewith,andthisAgreementandallmattersarisingoutoforrelatinginanywaywhatsoever(whetherincontract,tortorotherwise)tothisAgreement(includingtherightsandobligationsoftheMemberandanyclaimsanddisputesrelatingthereto),shallbegovernedby,thelawoftheStateofDelaware.

Successors in Interest

14.3Eachandallofthecovenants,agreements,terms,andprovisionsofthisAgreementshallbebindinguponandinuretothebenefitoftheMemberand,totheextentpermittedbythisAgreement,itsheirs,executors,administrators,personalrepresentatives,successorsandassigns.

Severability

14.4AnyprovisionofthisAgreementwhichisinvalid,illegal,orunenforceableinanyrespectinanyjurisdictionshall,astosuchjurisdiction,beineffectivetotheextentofsuchinvalidity,illegality,orunenforceabilitywithoutinanywayaffectingthevalidity,legality,orenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionshereof,andanysuchinvalidity,illegality,orunenforceabilityinanyjurisdictionshallnotinvalidateorinanywayaffectthevalidity,legality,orenforceabilityofsuchprovisionsinanyotherjurisdiction.

Rights and Remedies Cumulative

14.5TherightsandremediesprovidedbythisAgreementaregiveninadditiontoanyotherrightsandremediestheMembermayhavebylaw,statute,ordinanceorotherwise.Allsuchrightsandremediesareintendedtobecumulative.

Counterparts, etc.

14.6ThisAgreementmaybeexecutedbyhandwrittensignatureorbyS-signature,andmaybesoexecutedinmultiplecounterparts,eachofwhich,whensoexecutedanddelivered,shallbeanoriginal,butsuchcounterpartsshalltogetherconstituteoneandthesameinstrumentandagreement.CopiesofallorpartofthisAgreement,includingsignaturesthereto,whicharetransmittedbyfacsimileorelectronicmail,shallbepresumedvalid;andfacsimile,electronicorPDFtransmittedsignatureshallbedeemedtohavethefullforceandeffectoftheoriginalinksignatures.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF ,theundersignedhasexecutedthisAgreementasofthedayandyearfirstabovewritten.Member: Unimin Corporation

By: Name: AndrewEichTitle: SVP

Company: Bison Merger Sub I, LLCBy: Unimin Corporation, its sole member

By: Name: AndrewEichTitle: SVP

Exhibit 99.1

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

COVIA TO COMMENCE TRADING FOLLOWING COMBINATION OF UNIMIN AND FAIRMOUNT SANTROL

CHESTERLAND, Ohio, June 1, 2018 –CoviaHoldingsCorporation(NYSE:CVIA)(“Covia”)announcedtodaythecompletionofthepreviouslyannouncedstrategiccombinationbetweenUniminCorporation(“Unimin”)andFairmountSantrol.CoviawillcommencetradingtodayontheNewYorkStockExchange(“NYSE”)underthetickersymbol“CVIA”.Inconnectionwiththecompletionofthetransaction,FairmountSantrolcommonstockceasedtradingpriortothemarketopeningtodayandwillbedelistedfromtheNYSE.

Underthetermsofthemergeragreement,foreachshareofFairmountSantrol,stockholderswillreceiveapproximately$0.73incashconsiderationand0.2sharesofCoviacommonstock.AnyremainingFairmountSantrolsharesthatcannotbeconvertedintoawholeCoviasharewillberedeemedforcash.StockholdersshouldexpecttoreceiveallcashconsiderationnolaterthanJune8,2018.AsofJune1,2018,Coviahas132.5millionfullydilutedsharesoutstanding.Approximately65%ofCoviacommonstockisownedbySCR-SibelcoNV.

JennifferDeckard,PresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficerofCovia,said,“TodayisahistoricdayforCoviaandwewouldliketothankourstockholders,employees,customersandpartnersfortheirsupportincompletingthissignificantachievement.”Deckardcontinued,“AswemakeourdebutasCovia,thestrongfoundationbuiltbyourtwohighlycomplementarylegacyorganizationsunderpinsanindustryleader,stronglypositionedtoservecustomers’needsthroughourbroadarrayofhigh-qualityproducts,distinctivetechnicalcapabilities,andtheindustry’smostcomprehensiveproductionanddistributionnetwork.Welookforwardtoutilizingtheseuniquecompetitiveadvantagestoachieveournear-termsynergygoalsandtocreatesignificantlong-termvalueforallofourstakeholders.”

About Covia

CoviaisaleadingproviderofmineralsandmaterialsolutionsfortheIndustrialandEnergymarkets,representingthelegacyandcombinedstrengthsfromtheJune2018mergerofUniminandFairmountSantrol.TheCompanyisaleadingproviderofdiversifiedmineralsolutionstotheglass,ceramics,coatings,polymers,construction,waterfiltration,sportsandrecreationmarkets.TheCompanyoffersabroadarrayofhigh-qualityproducts,includinghigh-puritysilicasand,nephelinesyenite,feldspar,clay,kaolin,lime,resinsystemsandcoatedmaterials,deliveredthroughitscomprehensivedistributionnetwork.CoviaoffersitsEnergycustomersanunparalleledselectionofproppantsolutions,additives,andcoatedproductstoenhancewellproductivityandtoaddressbothsurfaceanddown-holechallengesinallwellenvironments.Coviahasbuiltlong-standingrelationshipswithabroadcustomerbaseconsistingofblue-chipcustomers.UnderpinningthesestrengthsisanunwaveringcommitmenttosafetyandtosustainabledevelopmentfurtherenhancingthevaluethatCoviadeliverstoallofitsstakeholders.Formoreinformation,visitCoviaCorp.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certainstatementscontainedinthispressreleaseconstitute“forward-lookingstatements”withinthemeaningofthePrivateSecuritiesLitigationReformActof1995.Theseforward-lookingstatementsrepresenttheCompany’sexpectationsorbeliefsconcerningfutureevents,anditispossiblethattheresultsdescribedinthispressreleasewillnotbeachieved.Theseforward-lookingstatementsaresubjecttorisks,uncertaintiesandotherfactors,manyofwhichareoutsideoftheCompany’scontrol,thatcouldcauseactualresultstodiffermateriallyfromtheresultsdiscussedintheforward-lookingstatements.Thesefactorsinclude:theabilityofUniminandFairmountSantroltointegratetheirbusinessessuccessfullyandtoachieveanticipatedsynergiesandtheanticipatedcost,timingandcomplexityof

integrationefforts;potentialadversereactionsorchangestobusinessrelationshipsresultingfromthecompletionofthemerger;theactualresultsofoperationsandfinancialconditionoftheCompanyfollowingthemergerascomparedtotheunauditedproformacombinedfinancialinformationincludedintheRegistrationStatementonFormS-4relatedtothemerger;SCR-SibelcoNV,theholderofamajorityoftheCompany’scommonstock,willhavesignificantinfluenceovertheCompany;changesinprevailingeconomicconditions,includingcontinuingpressureonandfluctuationsindemandfor,andpricingof,ourproducts;lossof,orreductioninbusinessfromtheCompany’slargestcustomersortheirfailuretopaytheCompany;possibleadverseeffectsofbeingleveraged,includinginterestrate,eventofdefaultorrefinancingrisks,aswellaspotentiallylimitingtheCompany’sabilitytoinvestincertainmarketopportunities;thelevelofcashflowsgeneratedtoprovideadequateliquidity;ourabilitytosuccessfullydevelopandmarketnewproducts;ourrightsandabilitytomineourpropertyandourrenewalorreceiptoftherequiredpermitsandapprovalsfromgovernmentauthoritiesandotherthirdparties;ourabilitytoimplementandrealizeefficienciesfromcapacityexpansionplans,facilityreactivationandcostreductioninitiativeswithinourtimeandbudgetaryparameters;increasingcostsoralackofdependabilityoravailabilityoftransportationservicesorinfrastructureandgeographicshiftsindemand;changinglegislativeandregulatoryinitiativesrelatingtoourbusiness,includingenvironmental,mining,healthandsafety,licensing,reclamationandotherregulationrelatingtohydraulicfracturing(andchangesintheirenforcementandinterpretation);silica-relatedhealthissuesandcorrespondinglitigation;seasonalandsevereweatherconditions;andotheroperatingrisksthatarebeyondourcontrol.

Anyforward-lookingstatementspeaksonlyasofthedateonwhichitismade,and,exceptasrequiredbylaw,theCompanydoesnotundertakeanyobligationtoupdateorreviseanyforward-lookingstatement,whetherasaresultofnewinformation,futureeventsorotherwise.Newfactorsemergefromtimetotime,anditisnotpossiblefortheCompanytopredictallsuchfactors.Whenconsideringtheseforward-lookingstatements,youshouldkeepinmindtheriskfactorsandothercautionarystatementsinCoviaHoldingsCorporation’sfilingswiththeSecuritiesandExchangeCommission(“SEC”).TheriskfactorsandotherfactorsnotedinourfilingswiththeSECcouldcauseouractualresultstodiffermateriallyfromthosecontainedinanyforward-lookingstatement.

Investor Contact:

MatthewSchlarb+1440-214-3284Matthew.Schlarb@CoviaCorp.com

Media Contact:

KristinLewis+1440-279-0245Kristin.Lewis@CoviaCorp.com