biomass waste utilization projects at philrice manuel jose c. regalado, phd supervising science...
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Biomass Waste Utilization Projects at
PhilRice
Manuel Jose C. Regalado, PhDSupervising Science Research Specialist
Rice Engineering & Mechanization Division
Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)
Maligaya, Science City of Muñoz, N.E.
Certified: ISO 9001:2000; ISO 14001:2004; OHSAS 18001:1999
Philippine Rice Research Institute Philippine Rice Research Institute
…as key player in building a self-sufficient and competitive rice economy
• a government-owned and -controlled corporation attached to the Department of Agriculture and created through EO 1061 on 5 Nov. 1985 and strengthened by EO 60 on 7 Nov. 1986
Philippine Rice Research Institute Philippine Rice Research Institute
…to sustain rice self-sufficiency and build a competitive rice economy through research, technology promotion, and policy advocacy
CapacityEnhancement
Sustainability Profitability
Productivity
Integrated Management System (IMS) certified lead agency of the National Agricultural Research and Extension System (NARES) for rice in the Philippines
ISO 9001:2000;ISO 14001:2004;OHSAS 18001:1999
Features• interdisciplinar
y• location-
specific•ecosystem-
based•problem-
specific
Output:Technology &Information
Researchable Areas
Integrated RD&E Approach
Transplanted Irrigated Lowland Rice
Hybrid Rice
Rice-based Farming Systemsfor Fragile Environment
Rice & Rice Based Products
Technology PromotionPolicy Research & Advocacy
Plant B
reedin
g &
Bio
tech
nolog
y
Rice
Chem
. & Fo
od S
cience
Agro
., Soils a
nd Pla
nt Ph
ysiolo
gy
Seed Pro
ductio
n &
Health
Rice
Engr &
Mech
.D
eve
lopm
ent C
om
munica
tion
Socio
-Eco
nom
ics
Tech
. Managem
ent S
ervice
s
Cro
p Pro
tectio
n
Environmental Sustainability & Management Program
Direct Seeded Irrigated Lowland Rice
Institutional Capability & Networking
Composition (57) 2 national centers 6 branch stations 12 regional research
stations 37 cooperating stations
SeedNet: 96 members
International Linkages
PhilRicePhilRice
JICAJICARFRF
IFSIFS IRRI
US Lab
CAMBIA
RGPRGP
ARBNIPM NetILRRCIPSWAR
ScientistScientistCollaboratorsCollaborators
GRCRLRCURRC
Cornell UC DAVISPurdue
ASIAN Lab
ChinaChina
CNRRICNHRRDCJAASGxAASGuAASFAAS
FAO/IRCFAO/IRC
USAID
ADBADB
AustraliaAustralia
ACIAR CSIRO UWA
HAASFAU FAFUSCAUYAUYU
ICRISATICRISAT
PHILRICE – JAPAN BIOMASS CONSORTIUM
MOU June 2002 to May 2005
Dissemination Seminar 2006-07
Collaborating Japanese Companies:
Kansai Corporation Ebara Corporation Takuma Corporation Sanko Corporation ISSI Brain System, ISSI Corp. Funding: NEDO JODC
GASIFICATION, CARBONIZATIONAND COMBINED HEAT & POWER
GENERATION SYSTEM
NEDO–JAPAN BIOMASS CONSORTIUM–PHILRICE COLLABORATIVE PROJECT
Primer
SANKONew Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization
PHILIPPINE RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTEISO 14001CERTIFIED
• 3.6 M t rice hull (22% of the total paddy production of 16.24 M t in 2007)
• Open burning and uncontrolled combustion is not environment friendly: major source of PCDD/PCDF formed at 200-800 oC
• Wastage of important resources (energy & material inputs for agriculture & industry)
RICE HULL PROBLEMS
• Land, Air, Water Pollution
• Release of harmful chemicals & particles
• Food contamination, exposure to dirt causes skin diseases, respiratory diseases from emission of fumes
HEALTH & ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• Increasing cost of external farm inputs
• Declining yield due to continuous agricultural mining of nutrients
• Health & environmental impacts of chemical inputs
• Pests & diseases
• Climate Change: GHG emissions, El Niño, La Niña
PROBLEMS in the PRESENT RICE-BASED PRODUCTION SYSTEM
• Return (by-products) what has been taken from the soil
• Maximize the utilization of available sources of nutrients
• Maximize air N fixation
• Farmers to make their own organic fertilizer
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
10-20 kW Gasification, Carbonization & Combined Heat & Power Gen Setup
• Develop modular small scale cleaner production resource recovery systems• Produce gas, heat, mechanical and electrical power• Produce by products such CRH and liquid materials for soil conditioning, organic fertilizer, and natural pesticide among others.
Smoke vinegar Carbonized Rice Hull (CRH)
• Testing and Evaluation (Endurance & Durability)
• Market Research & Commercialization
• Dissemination seminars
COLLABORATIVE ACTIVITIES
Gasification plant
Gasifier, scrubber and gas holder
Ash out
Air in
Gas out
Motor
Hopper
Ash moving blade
Level sensor
Motor
Fuel conveyer
Rotary stirrer
ThermocouplesAsh conveyer
Schematic of the gasifier
The Gasification System
Gas engine and electric generator
Rice husk gas lightening at night
Producer Gas Composition
CO (%)
CO2 (%)
H2 (%)
O2 (%)
Ave 21.07 7.62 0.72 9.38
Max 36 31 1.56 16.5
Min 0.8 0 0.08 3.0
Some Visitors
Hour of operation 8 hTotal input of rice husk 431 kgFeed rate 53.9 kg/hTotal discharge of CRH 92.6 kgDischarge rate of CRH 11.6 kg/hCRH conversion ratio 21.5 %Temperature of combustion zone 600-750 ℃Gasification efficiency 46 %Power generation 13 kWGeneration efficiency 9.2 %
Performance Indices of the Gasification System
Upcoming Technology
Rice Hull Gasifier –Engine –Pump System (2006-08)
• 6.5 kg RH load/batch; 1.5h operation• 6 min start-up & firing time• 3-in pump; 6.5 hp engine; 6-9 L/s
CARBONIZED RICE HUSK& the
AUTOMATED CARBONIZATION SYSTEMin the Philippine Rice Industry
CARBONIZED RICE HUSK& the
AUTOMATED CARBONIZATION SYSTEMin the Philippine Rice Industry
Problems & Issues
Rice husk (hull) burning: Release of CO2, air pollutants Dumping: CH4 emissionHealth & safety issues
Rice Husk Energy Potential
Process energy required:Paddy milling and drying: 30-60 kWh/tonne paddy
1 tonne ofPaddy
650-700 kgWhite rice
Waste:220 kg Husks ~ 90-125 kWh
Energy from 1 ton rice hull = Energy from 23 11-kg tanks LPG
(3000 kCal/ kg)
Source: BAS, NFA
Total No.: 9,938 Mills
NORTHERN MINDANAO
SOUTHERN TAGALOG
2007 palay production: 16.2 M mt
rice husk: 3.6 M mt
CARBONIZED RICE HULL (CRH)
• Porous, bulk density of 0.1
• Prolongs the duration of sunlight, increasing soil and water temperature
• Contains P,K,Ca,Mg, microelements
• Sterilized: Pathogen free
• Absorbs 5-6 times by weight
• Habitat of beneficial microorganisms
• Substrate for bioorganic fertilizer
How to use CRH
AgriculturalUses
IndustrialUses
Soil ReformerOr Fertilizer
Soils For Seed-BedsAnd Flower Pots
Replenishing Silica
Softening Soil
High Water Retention
Reforming Acid Soil
Protecting AgainstDisease
Paddy
Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers
Deodorizer / Purifier
Humidity Regulator
Heat Insulation Of Iron
CRH
Application of CRH in Agriculture in the Philippines
• Microbial Inoculant
1:1 (CRH:RB) 3% EM, 3% Molasses
• Organic Fertilizer
4:4:1:1 (CRH:CM:RB:Soil)
3% EM, 3% Molasses
• Soil Amendment
100 bags (10 kg) per cm plowed soil
General uses of CRH
• Soil conditioner
Improves physical, chemical and biological properties of soil
Healthy crops• Substrates for microbial inoculant
- Compost starter
- Soil inoculant
- Animal bedding treatment
- Garbage treatment
- Decontamination of toxicants• Feed additives
- Increase feed conversion efficiency
- Regulate and stop scouring of piglets
- Cure of diarrhea
EM formulations• EM-1 is the original
formulation. General purpose formula for soil and plant inoculant, compost starter, deodorizer, waste water treatment, drinking additives and for making other EM formulations such as EMAS, EMI, FPE, EFS.
EM formulations• EM microbial base inoculant
(EMBI) is fermented organic materials such as rice bran, cocodust, sawdust, CRH or other organic materials. Use as soil inoculant, compost starter, nutrient source and feed supplement. 1:1 ratio of organic materials and CRH + 5% EM 1 and 5% molasses fermented for 5-7 days.
Applications
• Soil inoculant. EM 1 or EME is applied into the soil
• Plant inoculant. EM is sprayed or sprinkled to the plants.
• Seed inoculant. Soak seed in 1:1000 dilution rate. The length of time depends on seed size. Small seeds is soak for 2-4 hrs, medium seeds, 8-12 hrs and larger seeds or with hard shells for 1-2 days.
• Compost starter. EMBI, EM 1, EMAS enhance decomposition
• Deodorizer/Sterilizer. Remove foul odor, reduce flies. Decontaminates water
Other applications of EM
• Crop Maintenance• Animal health care • Fish pond
maintenance• Solid and waste water
treatment• Homecare• Industrial
Bioremediation of toxicants in biomass wastes
• EM microbial inoculant reduced the amount of heavy metals (lead, cadmium and mercury) spiked in biomass wastes during two-week period of fermentation.
Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Using EM
Methods• Kitchen garbage spiked with 10
ppm Lead and 2 ppm Cadmium• MBI was inoculated at 100g/kg
waste• Materials fermented for 7 days• Extraction and analysis was
done before treatment and at 7, 20 and 30 days after treatment
Results– 20-70% reduction
of Lead concentration
– 20-90% reduction of Cadmium concentration
Preventing Vegetables And Fruits From Rotting.
Industrial Uses of C.R.HDeodorizer / Purifier
Dirty water / Air Bio-Tan Clean water / Air
Pass Through
Blast Furnace
Ladle
C.R.H.
ConverterOr
Electric Furnace
Heat Retention
Heat Insulation of Iron Works
Humidity Regulator
Oil Adsorbing by C.R.H
Pour oil in water
Add Bio-TanOil & Bio-Tan on water
Remove Bio-TanOil doesn’t retain
Automated Carbonization System
• Produces good quality CRH, 21 tpd
• No black smoke
• Auxiliary fuel is not needed
• Long durability
• No trouble and easy replacement of parts
CRH GENERATIONCRH GENERATION
Old-fashion way:Old-fashion way:
Automated Carbonization System
Rice Mill
HuskStorage
CRHStorage
Carbonizer
CRHExtinguisher
Waste HeatBoiler
Chimney
TurbineGenerator
ElectricPower
ACS ESTABLISHMENTACS ESTABLISHMENT
• MOA signing 2004: 3 ACS units
• Design modification
• Site development
• Fabrication of local & imported parts
• Set-up and installation
• Commissioning
• Repair and maintenance
OLIVER ENTERPRISES
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