biology warm-ups biology 2012-2013 ms. chabot. add the florida biology standard to the top of the...
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Biology Warm-Ups
Biology 2012-2013Ms. Chabot
• Add the Florida Biology Standard to the top of the page.
• Write out and answer the question.
• Each Friday I will check your Composition Book for the Warm-Ups done during the week.
Standard #1• Students will be able to define a problem by:– Posing questions about the natural world.– Conduct observations.– Plan investigations.– Use tools to gather data.– Evaluate others’ investigations.
Question #1:Scientists begin all investigations/experiments by making observations.What is the term used to describe the statement generated by using inferences and prior knowledge?
Hypothesis
Standard 2• Student will compare and
contrast different types of microscopes.
Question 2:Describe the following types of microscopes:•Compound microscope: uses 2 mirrors and a light source to magnify images.•Dissecting microscope: Uses 2 mirrors and a light source with LOW magnification to view dissections.•Scanning electron: passes electron over the surface of DEAD specimens to view very small structures.•Transmission electron: Passes electrons through DEAD specimens to view very small structures.
Standard 3
• Student will compare and contrast different types of microscopes.
Question 3:What type of microscope is most commonly used in a high school science lab?Compound Light Microscope
What kind of microscope is used to study viruses?ANY Electron Microscope
Standard 4
• Students will accurately place the order of events that occur in a scientific investigation.
Question 4:Place the following events in order according to the Scientific Method.Make observations, Generate hypothesis, Design an experiment, Collect data, Draw conclusions
Question 5An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent a cell’s semipermeable membrane. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water moved into or out of the eggs. Each egg was placed into a different solution for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation.
Solution Mass before soaking
Mass after soaking
Difference in Mass
Percent change
Vinegar (95% water)
71.2 98.6 27.4 +38.5
Corn syrup(5% water)
98.6 64.5 34.1 -34.6
Distilled water(100 % water)
64.5 105.3 40.8 +63.3
Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred abut cells with semipermeable membranes?A)Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.B)Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentrations.C)Water enters the cell when placed in environments of low water concentrations.
Standard 5• Students will explain the
properties of water, including:
DESCRIBE– Adhesion: allows water to
stick to other substances.– Cohesion: attraction between
water molecules– Ability to moderate
temperature: keeps temperature constant
– Expansion upon freezing– Universal solvent: dissolves
many substances
Question 6What property of water allows it to stick to other water molecules? COHESION
Standard 6• Students will explain how
the properties make water essential for life on Earth.
Question 7What property of water allows for a meniscus to form in a graduated cylinder? COHESION and ADHESION
Why is this property of water important to organisms? Allows water to move through bloodstream.
Standard 7• Students will identify
and describe the basic molecular structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Question 8What type of macromolecule is composed of chains of amino acids that are joined together by peptide bonds? PROTEINS
What are the functions of this macromolecule? Structure, enzymes, antibodies.
Standard 8• Students will explain
how enzymes speed up the rate of a biochemical reaction by lowering the reaction’s activation energy.
Question 9What is the name of the region where a reactant binds to an enzyme? ACTIVE SITE
SKETCH THIS GRAPH!
Question 10A change in pH can change the shape of a protein.
What is this change (in protein shape) due to heat and pH called? DENATURE/UNRAVEL
Why might a change in pH stop an enzyme from working? Loss of ACTIVE SITE, Loss of SHAPE.
Standard 9• Students will describe
and explain the cell theory.
• New investigations in science influenced the development of the modern cell theory.
QUESTION 11•What are the 3 statements that summarize the modern cell theory?
– all living things are made of cells.
– Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
– New cells are produced from existing cells.
•What common misconception was disproved by the cell theory?
– Spontaneous generation
Standard 10
Students will understand the science behind the development of the cell theory.
Question 12•What inventions and discoveries were necessary for the cell theory to be accepted?– Disprove spontaneous
generation (Pasteur and Redi).
– Invention of microscope (Leeuwonhoek).– Discovery and ID of cells
(Hooke).
Standard 11
Students will compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
Question 13Which of the following is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?A.LysosomeB.MitochondriaC.Nucleus
D.Ribosome
PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CELLS
Complete to Compare Plant and Animal Cells
Compare and ContrastHypothesis and Theory
Hypothesis Theory• Can be
revised• Used by
scientists• Well-tested• Combines
hypothesis and observations
• Possible explanation for events
• Based on observations and inferences
Match the following biology-related words with their correct descriptions.
WORDS
• Homeostasis
• Evolution
• Interdependence
• Cellular basis for life
• Biology
• Metabolism
DESCRIPTIONS• Organisms change over time• All chemical reactions that
occur in living things.• Internal environment remains
steady.• The study of LIFE• All form of life on Earth are
connected.• Living things are made of
cells.
Construct a pH chart and label with the following items:
• Numbers to represent the pH of a substance.
• Acid• Base• Neutral• Weak acid• Weak base• Strong acid• Strong base
Answer the following questions about Organic Macromolecules.
• Which type of macromolecule is composed of chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds?
• Which class of macromolecule is used as a rapidly available energy source?
• What is the role of the following nucleic acids in living things?– DNA :– RNA :– ATP :
Enzymes and Lock and Key Mechanism
Describe how a lock and key mimic how an enzyme functions in the body.
The enzyme acts like a lock, with a specific bonding site called the ACTVIE SITE. The chemical is the key that will fit specifically into the ACTIVE SITE to catalyze (speed up) the chemical reaction.
Review Question #6
• What 3 subatomic particle make up an atom?– PROTONS + charge / in nucleus– NEUTRONS no charge /
in nucleus– ELECTRONS - charge /
surrounds nucleusSKETCH THE ATOM ABOVE IN YOUR
STANDARD NOTEBOOK
Review Question #7• What is an ION? A charged atom, # Protons does not
= # Electrons.• What is an ISOTOPE? An atom with a different Mass
Number/Atomic Weight so a different # of Neutrons.• Complete the table below.
ELEMENT SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER
MASS NUMBER
PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS NEUTRAL/ ION/ ISOTOPE
Hydrogen
H 1 1 1 0 0 +1 Ion
Carbon C 6 12 6 6 6 Neutral
Carbon C 6 14 6 8 6 ISOTOPE
Chlorine Cl 17 35 17 18 18 -1 Ion
Review Question #8• What are the 2 main types of chemical bonds?– IONIC BOND transfers electron(s) from one atom to
another.– COVALENT BOND shares electrons between atoms.
SKETCH EACH EXAMPLE BELOW AND LABEL PROPERLY
Review Question #9
• What are the main elements of all macromolecules and all living things?– Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur,
Nitrogen
• What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?– Bonds are made and broken to transform one set
of chemicals into another.
Review Question #10
Complete the following sentences concerning chemical reactions:
•Chemical reactions that RELEASE energy often occur on their own/spontaneously.
•Chemical reactions that ABSORB energy will not occur without a source of energy.
Go Back and Review Standard 9
Students will describe and explain the cell theory.
QUESTION 11•What are the 3 statements that summarize the modern cell theory?
– all living things are made of cells.
– Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
– New cells are produced from existing cells.
•What common misconception was disproved by the cell theory?
– Spontaneous generation
Go Back and Review Standard 10
Students will understand the science behind the development of the cell theory.
Question 12•What inventions and discoveries were necessary for the cell theory to be accepted?– Disprove spontaneous
generation (Pasteur and Redi).
– Invention of microscope (Leeuwonhoek).– Discovery and ID of cells
(Hooke).
Go Back and Review Standard 11
Students will compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells.
Question 13Which of the following is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?A.LysosomeB.MitochondriaC.Nucleus
D.Ribosome
Standard 12• Students will compare and contrast the
organelles found in plant and animal cells that allow them to perform specific functions.
Standard 12Students will describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell.
Cell Membrane– AKA Plasma Membrane– Selectively permeable
• Controls what enters/exits the cell
– Made of LIPIDS/fats– Contains protein channels
that allow large substances and water to pass through
Cell Membrane– AKA Plasma Membrane– Provides support and shape to the
cell.– Selectively permeable– Made of LIPIDS/fats– Contains protein channels that
allow large substances and water to pass through
QUESTION:What does HYDROPHILIC mean? Water-lovingWhat does HYDROPHOBIC mean? Water-fearing
Standard 12Students will describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell.
Membrane Proteins– Embedded in the phospholipid
bilayer of the cell membrane.– SOME allow substances to pass
through that are:– SOME act as membrane
markers/FLAGS for cell ID.
QUESTION:What substances must use a membrane protein embedded in the cell membrane to move into and out of the cell? Water and Large molecules like glucose
Standard 13Students will explain the role of the cell membrane during active and PASSIVE transport
• Passive transport means to move substances into and out of the cell without consuming the cell’s energy, ATP.
QUESTION;Describe each type of PASSIVE transport below:•Diffusion: movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.•Osmosis: movement of WATER from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.•Facilitated Diffusion: movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a membrane protein.
Standard 13
QUESTION:What happens to cell size in the following situations:•ISOTONIC: concentration is the same so cell does not change size.•HYPOTONIC: solute concentration is lower in solution than the cell, water moves in and cell SWELLS.•HYPERTONIC: solute concentration is higher in solution than the cell, water leaves the cell and cell SHRINKS.
Concentration Gradients, ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, and HYPOTONIC
A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT is the difference of dissolved SOLUTES present on either side of a cell membrane.
Standard 13Students will explain the role of the cell membrane during ACTIVE and passive transport
• Active transport means that substances moving across the cell membrane must be FORCED, using cell’s energy, ATP.
• Examples of ACTIVE transport are:– Solute Pumping– Vesicular Transport
QUESTION;Describe each type of ACTIVE transport below:•SOLUTE PUMP:
•VESICULAR TRANSPORT:
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