biochemistry review. main topics organic compounds enzymes solution and ph
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Biochemistry Review
Main Topics
• Organic Compounds• Enzymes• Solution and pH
Solution• Solution- Mixture of two substances where
they cannot be separated– Solvent- What is doing the dissolving(water)– Solute- What is dissolved(sugar)
• Suspension-Mixture of two substances where neither are dissolved(Dirt water)
Water
• 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen• Hydrogen bonds in between molecules• Covalent bonds within
Water continued
• Polar molecule– Distinct positive
and negative end• Surface Tension– Bonds are easy to
break, but many of them are hard to break
• Universal Solvent
pH
• pH scale- Measures acidity and basicity of a solution– 0-6 Acid– 8-14 Base– 7 Neutral
• Buffer-Weak acid or base used to control pH
Basic Biochemistry
• Organic Chemistry– All organic compounds contain carbon(C)!
• Monomers– Building blocks of organic chemistry
• Polymers– Macromolecules
Significant Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins• Nucleic Acids
Proteins
• C, H, O, N• Building for muscles and used as enzymes• Monomers- Amino Acids• Test- Biuret
Carbohydrates
• Three different forms– Monosaccharide-
Glucose– Disaccharides-Sucrose– Polysaccharides-Starches
• Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
• Sugars• Provide quick energy
How to Test for Carbohydrates
• Iodine– Color change
from Orange to Rusty red
• Benedicts solution– Color change
from a sky blue to purple
Carbohydrates Review Slide
• C, H, O• Quick Energy• Monomers- Monosaccharides• Glycogen• Iodine Test- Polysaccharides
Lipids
• C, H, O• Insulation, Long term energy, improve eyes• Monomers- Fatty Acids and Glycerol• Test- Brown Bag Test
Nucleic Acids
• C, H, O, N, P• Stores genetic material
for living organisms• Monomer- Nucleotides– Phosphate group– Sugar– Nitrogen base
Enzyme Info
• Lower activation energy for reactions to take place
• Substrate specific• Affected by:– pH– Temperature
Enzymes Picture
A. Substrate B. Enzyme C. E.S. Complex D. Enzyme E. Products
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