biochar heat recovery system - rochester institute of …edge.rit.edu/content/p16487/public/problem...
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Biochar Heat Recovery System
Problem Definition Design Review
Courtney Smith · Kent Derbyshire · Kyle Bossung
Phung Tran · Zak Gustavesen
Overview
Team Introductions
Project Background
Problem Statement & Goals
Use Scenario
Customer and Engineering Requirements
Risks
Project Plan
Background: Biochar
Porous, high carbon content, low density
Biochar-soil amendment, filtration, building materials,
animal feed additive
Made from: cherry pits, wood, or other organic
materials
Background: Kon-Tiki
Incan Sun God
Creates biochar
Burns dry, woody materials
Carbon sequestration, low emissions
Cone shape with heat shield
Burns at 650-750C
Problem Statement
➢Current State
○ Kon-Tiki is used in over 24 countries
○ Generally used for agricultural biochar
○ Various heat recovery systems in use
➢Desired State
○ Heat recovery system to utilize excess heat
○ Usable for multiple geographic demographics.
Stakeholders
➢Ithaka Institute
○ Non-profit based in Sweden
○ International Biochar and farming techniques
➢Finger Lakes Biochar
○ Local affiliation with Ithaka Institute
➢Kon-Tiki Operators
○ Developing nations (Nepal)
○ Commercial operators (Serbia)
Project Goals ➢Deliverables
○ Working prototype
○ Sterilizes usable quantities of water
➢Constraints
○ Compatible with current Kon-Tiki
○ Source materials from developing world
○ Cost less than $250
Benchmarking: Purification ➢Filtration
➢Solar Thermal
➢UV Radiation
➢Activated Charcoal
➢Chemical (iodine)
➢Distillation
➢Pasteurization
Benchmarking ● Convection (pictured bottom)
○ Low efficiency
○ Good for drying
● Conduction (pictured top)
○ Un-tested
○ Nepal’s current idea
Customer Requirements CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
Category Customer Reqt. # Importance Description
Ease of Use C1 9 Easy to use by people with no technical background
C2 1 Light enough to install
C3 3 Easy to install
Safety C4 9 Doesn't compromise heat shield
C5 9 Dangers clearly apparent to operator
Quality of Kiln C6 9 Doesn't compromise existing biocharing process
C7 3 Cannot affect airflow for kiln
C8 3 Biochar used for soil amendment
Quality of HRS C9 9 Harness heat for useful application
C10 3 Made with local materials
C11 9 Cost less than $250
HRS Output C12 9 Produce desirable yield w/in Kiln operating timeframe
C13 1 Recovery product useful to multiple demographics
Versatility C14 1 System needs to be scalable
C15 3 Must be used in all weather conditions/seasons
C16 9 Compatible with existing kiln
Customer Requirements CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
Category Customer Reqt. # Importance Description
Ease of Use C1 9 Easy to use by people with no technical background
C2 1 Light enough to install
C3 3 Easy to install
Safety C4 9 Doesn't compromise heat shield
C5 9 Dangers clearly apparent to operator
Quality of Kiln C6 9 Doesn't compromise existing biocharing process
C7 3 Cannot affect airflow for kiln
C8 3 Biochar used for soil amendment
Quality of HRS C9 9 Harness heat for useful application
C10 3 Made with local materials
C11 9 Cost less than $250
HRS Output C12 9 Produce desirable yield w/in Kiln operating timeframe
C13 1 Recovery product useful to multiple demographics
Versatility C14 1 System needs to be scalable
C15 3 Must be used in all weather conditions/seasons
C16 9 Compatible with existing kiln
Customer Requirements
➢Harness heat for useful application
○ Excess ~200°C heat generated
○ 3rd world countries need clean water
➢ Easy for people to use with no technical background
○ Should be able to assemble without guidance
○ Target users are farmers
➢Must not compromise heat shield
○ Kiln burns up to 750°C
○ Difficult to load kiln without shield
Engineering Requirements ➢Fits within heat shield envelope
○ Maximize efficiency and performance
○ Safety
➢ Temperature of heat recovered
○ Water pasteurization requires T>65°C
○ Test method: thermocouples
➢Cost of materials
○ Affordable for target user <$250
○ Test method: BOM
House of Quality
➢Fits within heat shield envelope
○ Compatible with existing kiln
○ Doesn’t affect airflow of kiln
➢ Temperature of heat recovered
○ Harness heat for useful application
○ Dangers clearly apparent to operator
➢Quality of pasteurization (time)
○ Harness heat for useful application
○ Produce desired yield within kiln operating time
● Campus: There is a burn ban from March 16 - May 31
● Environmental: Primary kiln use becomes water purification
● Safety: User injures him/herself using HRS
● Resource: Lose contact with international contact
● Social: Need the clean water faster than can be produced
● Technical: Can’t take away too much heat from kiln
Risks
Phase II
➢Customer Interaction
○ Data collection
○ Brainstorming from experience
○ Iterations
➢Deliverables
○ Functional Decomposition
○ Concept Generation
○ Feasibility/Engineering Analysis
○ Concept Selection
MSD I
➢Project Definition
➢Concept Generation and Selection
➢System/Subsystem Design
➢Detailed Design
➢Customer and Guide communication & iterations
➢Pass Gate Reviews to continue to MSD II
Goals of Gate Review
➢Customer Confirmation
➢Identifying operation/design risks not already considered
➢Open ended questions from audience
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