biocatalyst dwi
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BIOCATALYST
cells synthesize a group of proteins that
have a specific function enzymes asbiocatalyst
By enzyme biocatalyst is a very important
aspect in biochemical reactions in the cellbodies of living
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Almost all biochemical reactions in the cell are
catalyzed by enzymes.
The enzyme has the ability to accelerate the
transformation of the chemical reaction at least
to a million-fold when compared with the
chemical transformation without a catalyst. the enzyme did not change the balance of the
reaction, but rather lowers the activation energy
of a reaction. The enzyme has the main characteristics of the
catalytic ability and specificity.
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Scheme feedback inhibition of an enzyme isdepicted in Figure:
A Enzim B C D (thefinal result)
Figure: feedback inhibition scheme enzyme activity. D is thefinal result changes the reaction pathway substrate A to D.In particular cedar, D will inhibit the activity of the enzymethat catalyzes the first reaction in the change of substrate Ato B.
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GROWTH OF MICROORGANISMS
In multicellular organisms
In unicellular organisms
In organisms Soenositik / Aseluler
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1. Adaptation phase (Initial stationary phase)
the initial growth phase (lag phase / phase
of positive growth accelaration)
rapid growth phase (log phase / logarithmic
growth phase)
2. Stationary phases / phase constant
(Maximum stationary phase)
3. Phase mortality (death phase of
acceleration)
4. Accelerated death phase (logarithmic death
phase)
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FACTORS - FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH
MICROORGANISMS
nutrients,
water,
temperature, pH,
oxygen and oxidation-reduction potential,
the presence of inhibitors and othermicroorganisms.
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Nutrients and energy needed to manufacturethe components to construct the cell. Nutrient
Requirements vary for each micro-organism.Microorganisms that grow on foods ingeneral are heterotrophic, ie to usecarbohydrate as an energy and carbonsource, although other organic componentscontaining carbon can also be used. Mostheterotrophic organisms use nitrogen-
containing organic components as a sourceof N, but some can also use inorganicnitrogen source.
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Nutrients can enter the cells ofmicroorganisms melalul several ways,
namely:
a.
Passive diffusionb. Accelerated diffusion (Diffusion Facilities)
c. Active transport
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AVAILABILITY OF WATER
Tues microorganisms need water to live and
breed
water is also needed as a reactant various
biochemical reactions
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TEMPERATURE
Effect of temperature on the rate of cell growth
of microorganisms:microorganism growth occurs at
temperatures in the range (between
minimum and maximum temperature) forabout 30 0C.
Speed slow the growth of microorganismsincreases as the temperature increases untilit reaches a maximum growth rate.
Above the maximum temperature, the growthrate decreases rapidly with increasing
temperature.
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AVAILABILITY OF OXYGEN
Based on the need of oxygen,
microorganisms can be divided into:
aerobic (requiring oxygen)
anaerobic (not requiring oxygen) Facultative anaerobes (requiring / not
requiring oxygen)
Micro Aerofilik (requiring oxygen bit)
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