bio 51, section 3, fall 2009 · 2018. 10. 2. · bio 51, section 3, fall 2009 name_____ exam 2...
Post on 31-Jan-2021
5 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
Bio 51, section 3, Fall 2009 Name_____________________________ Exam 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. All questions worth 2 points.
1) A fungal infection damages all peristomes, preventing them from performing their function. Which process will be directly hindered as a result? A) ability of sperm to locate eggs B) growth of the protonema C) growth of the sporophyte D) lengthening of rhizoids E) broadcast of spores
2) Which of the following correctly pairs a protist with one of its characteristics?
A) diplomonads : micronuclei involved in conjugation B) foraminiferans : abundant in soils C) gymnamoebas : calcium carbonate test D) apicomplexans : parasitic E) ciliates : pseudopods
3) Arrange the following from largest to smallest, assuming that they all come from the
same fungus. 1. basidiocarp 2. basidium 3. basidiospore 4. mycelium 5. gill A) 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 B) 5, 1, 4, 3, 2 C) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3 D) 4, 1, 5, 2, 3 E) 4, 5, 1, 2, 3
4) If all mycorrhizae were somehow disrupted, then which of the following would be
true? A) We wouldnʹt have any antibiotics. B) Most vascular plants would be stunted in their growth. C) Cheeses like blue cheese or Roquefort would not exist. D) There would be no mushrooms for pizza. E) There would be fewer infectious diseases.
5) Which of the following is not characteristic of ciliates?
A) They have membrane bound organelles. B) Most live as solitary cells. C) They use cilia as locomotory structures . D) They can exchange genetic material with other ciliates by the process of
mitosis. E) They have two or more nuclei.
-
6) Why isnʹt the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system? A) It only has two membrane layers. B) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope. C) It is not involved in protein synthesis. D) It has too many vesicles. E) Its structure is not derived from the ER.
7) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did
mitochondria originate? A) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes B) from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for
proteins in energy-transfer reactions C) from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial
membranes D) when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protobiont E) by secondary endosymbiosis
8) A chemical secreted by a female Bombyx moth helps the male of the species locate
her, at which time sexual reproduction may occur. This chemical is most similar in function to which chemicals used by sexually reproducing fungi? A) lysergic acids B) pheromones C) chitin D) aflatoxins E) enzymes
9) If you wanted to study the closest relative possible (sharing the smallest taxonomic
group) to the organism that causes African sleeping sickness, in which group would you look? A) kinetoplastids B) alveolates C) excavata D) euglenozoans E) euglenids
10) You are given an organism to identify. It has a fruiting body that contains many
structures with eight haploid spores lined up in a row. What kind of a fungus is this? A) basidiomycete B) chytrid C) zygomycete D) ascomycete E) deuteromycete
11) If you were to move to a region where mosquito control is a high priority, you might
suspect that a member of which of the following genera has been a problem in that region? A) Trichomonas B) Plasmodium C) Paramecium D) Clostridium E) Giardia
-
12) Which of these taxa contains species that produce potent toxins that can cause extensive fish kills, contaminate shellfish, and poison humans? A) diplomonads B) golden algae C) dinoflagellates D) euglenids E) red algae
13) Which of these structures are most likely to be a component of both chytrid
zoospores and motile animal cells? A) haustoria B) cilia C) pseudopods D) heterokaryons E) flagella
14) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which
of the following molecules? A) proteins B) lipids C) starches D) glucose E) steroids
15) A researcher wants to develop a test that will distinguish chlorophytes from
charophytes and land plants. Which of the following chemicals would allow her to rule out the charophytes and land plants? A) chlorophylla photosynthetic pigment B) glycolate oxidasea peroxisome enzyme that is associated with
photorespiration C) starcha food storage material D) flavonoidsa class of phenolic compounds that is often associated with
chemical signaling E) carotenoidsa class of accessory photosynthetic pigments
16) Which of the following obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic substances; energy that
is used, in part, to fix CO2? A) parasitic chemoheterotrophs B) chemoautotrophs C) photoautotrophs D) photoheterotrophs E) chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition
17) As a pharmacological researcher, you have just discovered a new compound that
acts to destroy the polypeptide bonds within cell walls made of peptidoglycan. Which of the following organisms will be most affected by this compound? A) Plasmodium B) Paramecium C) Trypanosoma D) Clostridium E) Marchantia
-
18) If Dr. Luthy wanted to plant some trees that look tropical around her house in Stockton to remind her of Miami, Florida, which of the following would you suggest? A) Camellia japonica B) Sequoia sempervirens C) Washingtonia filifera D) Ginkgo biloba E) Quercus lobata
19) The ascomycetes get their name from which aspect of their life cycle?
A) shape of the spore B) asexual spore production C) vegetative growth form D) sexual structures E) type of vegetative mycelium
20) Your Uncle Eddie has planted a tree in his back yard that he swears is an Italian
stone pine, but you are certain that it is actually a cypress because of its.... A) scaly leaves B) berry-like female cones C) woody female cones D) spur shoots connecting two needles E) parallel leaf venation
21) A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing
its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to A) charophytes. B) mosses. C) ferns. D) flowering plants. E) gymnosperms.
22) Which of these statements about prokaryotes is correct?
A) Their genetic material is confined within a nuclear envelope. B) They divide by binary fission, without mitosis or meiosis. C) Genetic variation in bacteria is not known to occur, nor should it occur,
because of their asexual mode of reproduction. D) The persistence of bacteria throughout evolutionary time is due to their genetic
homogeneity (i.e., sameness). E) Bacterial cells conjugate to mutually exchange genetic material.
23) You are designing an artificial drug-delivery ʺcellʺ that can penetrate animal cells.
Which of these protist structures should provide the most likely avenue for research along these lines? A) mitosomes B) nucleomorphs C) apical complex D) pseudopods E) excavated feeding grooves
-
24) When a mycelium infiltrates an unexploited source of dead organic matter, what are most likely to appear within the food source soon thereafter? A) fungal enzymes B) fungal haustoria C) soredia D) increased oxygen levels E) larger bacterial populations
25) Examining a water sample under a microscope, you discover an organism that has
never been described before, so you get to name it! It is a motile organism with two flagella, and one has tiny hair-like projections on it. As youʹre filling out the naming paperwork, what would you write in the blank for the clade to which the new organism belongs? A) Euglenozoa B) Stramenopila C) Rhizaria D) Cyanobacteria E) Alveolata
26) Of the following list, flagellated (swimming) sperm are generally present in which
groups? 1. Lycophyta 2. Bryophyta 3. Angiosperms 4. Chlorophyta 5. Pterophyta A) 1, 2, 4, 5 B) 1, 3, 4, 5 C) 2, 3, 4, 5 D) 2, 3, 5 E) 1, 2, 3
27) Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?
A) the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes B) the evolution of eukaryotes after the evolution of prokaryotes C) the observation that longer cells usually have greater cell volume D) the evolution of larger cells after the evolution of smaller cells E) the need for a surface area large enough relative to volume to allow the cell to
function
28) The following are all true about the life cycle of mosses except A) external water is required for fertilization. B) the growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte. C) antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. D) flagellated sperm are produced. E) the gametophyte generation is dominant.
29) In many fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which
consequently A) results in heterokaryotic cells. B) means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. C) is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic. D) results in multiple diploid nuclei per cell. E) allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time.
-
30) Examining an organism that you think might be Giardia, you observe two equal-sized nuclei. If it is indeed Giardia, what other characteristic should you see? A) hydrogenosomes B) alveoli just under the cell membrane C) a crystalline rod within a flagellum D) mitosomes E) plastids
31) Of the following choices, which is the most closely related (phylogenetically
speaking) to a tiger? A) a chytrid B) Amoeba C) a dinoflagellate D) a charophyte E) a foraminiferan
32) Bryophytes may feature all of the following at some time during their existence
except A) rhizoids. B) placental transfer cells. C) archegonia. D) microphylls. E) sporangia.
33) Many lichens can reproduce asexually via...
A) sori B) soredia C) strobili D) spores E) mitosis
34) An amino acid passing from the interior of one animal cell into another animal cell could travel via... A) plasmodesmata B) gap junction C) extracellular matrix D) neural potential E) telekinesis
35) Assuming that they all belong to the same plant, arrange the following structures
from largest to smallest (or from most inclusive to least inclusive). 1. spores 2. sporophylls 3. sporophytes 4. sporangia A) 2, 3, 4, 1 B) 2, 4, 3, 1 C) 3, 4, 2, 1 D) 3, 1, 4, 2 E) 3, 2, 4, 1
36) The presence of conidia would indicate that an unknown fungus is likely a member
of the phylum ...... A) Ascomycota B) Zygomycota C) Basidiomycota D) Chytridiomycota E) Oomycota
-
37) The first genes on Earth were probably A) auto-catalytic RNA molecules. B) DNA molecules whose information was transcribed to RNA and later
translated in polypeptides. C) oligopeptides located within protobionts. D) DNA produced by reverse transcriptase from abiotically produced RNA. E) RNA produced by autocatalytic, proteinaceous enzymes.
38) Which of the following statements is true of deuteromycetes?
A) They include the imperfect fungi that lack hyphae. B) They represent the phylum in which all the fungal components of lichens are
classified. C) They are the second of five fungal phyla to have evolved. D) They are the group that includes molds, yeasts, and lichens. E) They are the group of fungi that have, at present, no known sexual stage.
39) In a hypothetical situation, a bacterium lives on the surface of a leaf, where it obtains
nutrition from the leafʹs nonliving, waxy covering, while inhibiting the growth of other microbes that are plant pathogens. If this bacterium gains access to the inside of a leaf, it causes a disease in the plant. Once the plant dies, the bacterium and its offspring decompose the plant. What is the correct sequence of ecological roles played by the bacterium in the situation described here? Use only those that apply. 1. nutrient recycler 2. mutualist 3. commensal 4. parasite 5. primary producer A) 1, 3, 4 B) 2, 4, 1 C) 1, 2, 3 D) 2, 3, 4 E) 1, 2, 5
40) You are hiking in a forest and happen upon a plant featuring a central stemlike
structure from which sprout many, tiny, leaflike structures. Which of these would be the most certain means of distinguishing whether it was a true moss, or a club moss? A) if vascular tissues are present B) its color C) its height D) the appearance of its spores E) if seeds are present
41) The small whit e mushrooms you buy from Trader Joeʹs to put on your salad come
from which phylum? A) Deuteromycota B) Zygomycota C) Ascomycota D) Basidiomycota E) Chytridiomycota
-
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Questions worth 2 points unless otherwise noted.
42) A guy goes to his doctor with sore throat. The doctor suspects an infection of Streptococcus. She wants to be sure, so she swabs his throat and examines the resulting cultures under a microscope. To start with the identificaion, if it is Streptococcus, what shape should she see under the microscope? To which domain would this organism belong?
43) The ancestors of what modern group of organisms do we have to thank for the original infusion of substantial amounts of oxygen into the Earthʹs atmosphere?
44) (4 points) Draw and label the basic parts of a kelp. To which supergroup does kelp belong?
45) Even after all of the plants have been harvested from the farm fields, why is it a bad idea to drop a lit match onto the soil on many Delta islands?
-
46) In one sentence or less, describe the basic physical structure of the plasma membrane of an eukaryotic cell.
47) What term would you use to indicate that an organism lacks septa dividing nuclei into discrete cells?
48) Some bacteria are able to manufacture a structure that will allow them to withstand exposure to extremely harsh conditions. What is this structure called?
49) A scientifically useful hypothesis must be ___________________ and _______________.
50) (10 points) Several of the groups of organisms we have discussed thus far have cell walls that are functionally similar to one another, but are made up of different structural materials. Contrast these organisms based on the major component(s) making up their cell walls. Regardless of composition, how does having a cell wall protect the cell in an hypotonic environment?
-
51) Many physicians administer antibiotics to patients at the first sign of any disease symptoms. Why can this practice case more problems for these patients, and for others not yet infected?
52) What phylum contains the hornworts?
-
(8 points) Label the fern life cycle below:
Generation: _________________ Ploidy level: _____________
Generation: _________________ Ploidy level: _____________
(leaf type)
-
(8 points) The life cycle below belongs to a slime mold that does not have separate cells when feeding. To which super group does this slime mold belong? ___________________________ To which domain does it belong?_____________________________ Label the structures or processes of the life cycle in the blanks.
(process)
(process)
bio51_exam2a_fall09Test 2 fern pageTest 2 plasmodium page
top related