biblical hebrew lesson 2
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Biblical HebrewLesson 2
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
א Textbook: Cook & Holmstedt’s Biblical Hebrew: A Student Grammar (2009)Found here online: http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/Textbook.html
Review�ר�ה ח�ז
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 2
�ר�ה ח�ז
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
Answer the following about the last lesson:
• Recite the alphabet in order. (Can you write it?)
• What are the begedkefet (פ�״ת�� ?letters and why are they special (ב��ג�״ד כ
• How many letters have two different forms, and what are these letters? What is the second form used for?
• What letters are these?יוד כף ש�ין אלף עין גימל נון צדי מם פא ←
דלת
• What names are spelled out here?רחל תמר יש�ראל אדם מש�ה יוסף כנען לוי ←
עש�ו
Slide 3
Hebrew Vowelsעו�ת ה ש��פ�ה ת�נו
ית ה�ע�ב�ר�The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 4
ית עו�ת ה ש��פ�ה ה�ע�ב�ר� ת�נו
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
There are basically five full vowel sounds in Hebrew. They are the same as those in Spanish (a, e, i, o, u). You should not think of them like the vowels in English, in which a might sound like apple. They are consistent and do not change between words (as we have apple, want and acorn with no predictability in terms of the sound of the letter a). In Hebrew a always sounds like the a in the word father.
Slide 5
a = father or want e = sent or met
i = unique or machine o = hope or drove
u = flute or suit
ית עו�ת ה ש��פ�ה ה�ע�ב�ר� ת�נו
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 6
Class Sound Long Short Half
a a ם� \ ם�ה ם� ם
ie ם! \ ם!י ם� ם"i ם# \ ם#י ם# -
uo ם$ \ ו$ �ם ם%u � ם& \ ו ם& -
Syllabificationק ל ה�ב�רו�ת ו ח�ל
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 7
ק ל ה�ב�רו�ת ו ח�ל
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
Syllables• We don’t think too much about syllables in English. To tell the truth,
Israelis don’t think about them much in Hebrew either!
• When you study biblical Hebrew, you need to know a few things about syllables.
• A syllable can be either open or closed.
• An open syllable ends in a vowel; a closed syllable ends in a consonant. Simple as that!
• If we let C be a consonant and v be a vowel, we have:Cv (open) or CvC (closed)
Slide 8
ק ל ה�ב�רו�ת ו ח�ל
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
Syllables (cont.)• Every syllable in Hebrew begins with a consonant (with only one
exception).
• In the word ר��ב� �|ב�ר :davar, we have two syllables ד� ) The first .ד �� is (דopen, since it ends in a vowel (Cv). The second (ר� is closed, since it (בends in a consonant (CvC).
• In the word ה�� �ה :malkah, we have two syllables מ�ל)כ� ל)|כ ל)) The first .מ� (מ�is closed, since it ends in a consonant (CvC). The second (ה�� ,is open (כsince it ends in a vowel (Cv).
Notes:1. Vowel letters (such as the ה in ה�� .do not count as consonants (מ�ל)כ2. Sheva usually closes a syllable in the middle of a word.
Slide 9
ק ל ה�ב�רו�ת ו ח�ל
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
Syllables (cont.)
Examples from the Vocabulary
ש��|לו$ם …two syllables: first open; second closed – ש��לו$ם
יש�)|ר�|א!ל …three syllables: first closed; second open; third closed – יש�)ר�א!ל
ר�ץ |ר�ץ …two syllables: first open; second closed – א�� א��
א#ש�)|ש��ה …two syllables: first closed; second open – א#ש���הThe dagesh represents doubled shin.
א"ל$|ה#ים …two syllables: first open; second closed – א"ל$ה#יםHalf vowels and sheva do not count for full syllables.
Slide 10
Verbless Clauses�ים �י �מ�נ�מ�ש��פ�ט�ים ש
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 11
�ים �י �מ�נ�מ�ש��פ�ט�ים ש
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
Introduction• In English, all true sentences have verbs (words that indicates actions or
states of being).
• This isn’t the case in Hebrew. In Hebrew, we can make sentences without verbs, as long as we have a noun as the subject and something in the predicate.
• He doctor. = “He is a doctor.”
• They my friends. = “They are my friends.”
• She beautiful. = “She is beautiful.”
• This is found on page 11 of the book with the sentence ה�מ� �ל$א א"ל$ה#ים ה� .
Slide 12
Goals of Lesson 2�י �נ�ר ה ש �עו�מ ט�רו�ת ה ש
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forumSlide 13
�י �נ�ר ה ש �עו�מ ט�רו�ת ה ש
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
The second lesson’s goals are basically as follows:
• Learn the nikkud (the marks that represent the vowel sounds).
• Uses of Sheva.
• Dividing words into syllables.
• Verbless clauses.
Welcome to Hebrew!!!
Slide 14
Biblical HebrewLesson 2
The Hebrew Caféthehebrewcafe.com/forum
א Textbook: Cook & Holmstedt’s Biblical Hebrew: A Student Grammar (2009)Found here online: http://individual.utoronto.ca/holmstedt/Textbook.html
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