beyond point and shoot ken kay what are the photography basics?
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Beyond Point and Beyond Point and ShootShoot
Ken Kay
What are the photography basics?What are the photography basics?
What questions do What questions do have?have?
How can I take or create eye catching photos?
What are all those shooting modes?
What are some curricular integration ideas?
OverviewOverview
Composition basics
Settings
Built in accessories that enhance photos
Printing
What is the grammar of What is the grammar of composition?composition?
What is the grammar of What is the grammar of composition?composition?
Rule of Thirds
• Bulls-eye composition• Image your viewfinder is divided into thirds• Locate center of interest at intersections• Rules are made to be broken
What are leading lines?What are leading lines?
• Draw the viewer's eyes to the point of interest.• Examples: fences, roads, tree branches, furrows in the ground
What do Shapes, patterns, and textures add to compositions?What do Shapes, patterns, and textures add to compositions?
Shapes, patterns, and textures produce more attention-grabbing shots.
Examples: circles, triangles and the S-curve
Patterns and textures exist in both nature and synthetic objects.
The triangle effectThe triangle effect
What is that?Abstracts
What is that?Abstracts
Do you notice reflections and shadows?
Do you notice reflections and shadows?
Why shoot into the light?Silhouettes
Why shoot into the light?Silhouettes
Subject stands out as different from everything else
More visual weight
You can use color, texture, or even shape to differentiate your focal point from the rest of the photo.
How does contrast matter?How does contrast matter?
Taking the command of light
Taking the command of light
The art and science of capturing light
Light can be altered and controlled with your camera
What are the metering options?
What are the metering options?
Average metering/Multi/Zone: whole scene
Center metering: takes a reading from the center image and averages with background
Spot: meters object that you focus onGood for backlight objects
What are metering modes?
What are metering modes?
Overall Metering (Multi Segment/Zone Metering) camera attempts to take into consideration everything in your frame it assesses overall lighting from all these zones and takes a best guess
by averaging them at times the camera guesses wrong and it’s useful to know how to use
the other metering modes
What are metering modes?
What are metering modes?
Spot metering
This mode tells the camera to do it’s metering from a very small ’spot’ in the scene.
Useful mode for tricky lighting conditions where the whole scene is either darker or lighter than the point that you want to be exposed correctly.
For example, in a back lit situation where you’re taking a portrait of someone whose face is a little too dark. Without spot metering in this situation you might end up with a silhouette
What are metering modes?
What are metering modes?
Centered weighted metering
tells the camera to focus it’s metering decisions upon the center of your image (although a wider area than spot metering).
camera will take information from numerous metering points around the frame but will give more weight to those in the center.
Are are whites the same?Are are whites the same?
Human brain adjusts to the color of light
Incandescent light has a red tint
Fluorescent light has a green tint
What is white balance?
White Balance SettingsWhite Balance SettingsSun
Shade: some cameras have a shade and cloudy setting
Tungsten: incandescent or halogen lighting.
FluorescentAlso good setting for forest shots
Auto: this setting is useful for most common shooting If you notice a tint, then use white balance modes
White BalanceWhite Balance
What is a histogram?What is a histogram?
Some digital cameras have a histogram menu item of a photo you've just taken.
This is a graph displaying the pixel count as a function of brightness.
You can determine whether the photo is properly exposed, and take another shot if necessary
Properly exposed photos have the largest number of pixels toward the center of the histogram without an overabundance at either end
. Underexposed photos have too many pixels at the dark end, whereas overexposed photos have too many pixels at the light end.
Now that you understand what all those settings are for, grab your camera and start experimenting
What is Exposure?What is Exposure?
Amount of light captured by camera
Washed out if overexposed
Dark if underexposed
Normal conditions automatic settings fine
What determines exposure?What determines exposure?What determines exposure?What determines exposure?
Lighting conditions
Aperture
Shutter speed
Film speed
Think of your camera as a cup
Your goal is to fill the cup with water. Either completely open faucet Or partially open the faucet
The water filling the cup is the Exposure
The length of time to fill the cup is the Shutter Speed
The degree you open the faucet is the Aperture
The speed of the water flow is the ISO Setting
The Overall PictureThe Overall PictureThe Overall PictureThe Overall Picture
What are the 3 Elements of Exposure?
ISO - the measure of a digital camera sensor’s sensitivity to light
Aperture - the size of the opening in the lens
Shutter Speed - the amount of time that the shutter is open
What is best to control the What is best to control the Exposure?Exposure?
What is best to control the What is best to control the Exposure?Exposure?
Filling the cup slowly = small aperture and slow shutter speed
If you do not choose a long enough time = picture underexposed
Filling the cup quickly = large aperture and fast shutter speed
So why is it necessary to have two choices? They control different aspects of your photo Aperture controls focus, I.e., depth of field focus Shutter speed controls action. I.e., blur vs. freeze action
How do you choose a shutter How do you choose a shutter speed?speed?
To Blur or not?
Blur 1/60 or lower
Capture action 1/125 or higher
How does direction of movement effect shutter How does direction of movement effect shutter speed?speed?
Water PressureWater PressureWater PressureWater Pressure
Water pressure affects the flow speed
ISO settingHigh ISO = high light sensitivity = need less lightLow ISO = low light sensitivity = more light needed
Auto good except when you have a different vision for a shotThen you will want to adjust settings that control exposure
What about the ISO?
What are the two types of zooms?What are the two types of zooms?
Shooting ModesShooting Modes Auto: default
Landscape: max. depth of field Foreground and background in focus
Portrait: face in focus
Action: fastest shutter speed
Sunset: strong backlighting/high contrast
Some cameras have night settings for landscape and portraits
Aperture Priority: automatically sets an appropriate shutter speed
Shutter Priority: automatically picks appropriate aperture
Best Shot: Quickly set-ups for the above Especially good for night Some cameras have a night setting option separate
Manual: chose both aperture and speed
Aperture: depth of field
Aperture: depth of field
Large aperture (lower f-stop) Shallow depth of field Background out of focus
Small aperture (higher f-stop) Greater depth of field Background in focus
Shutter SpeedsShutter Speeds
Focus LockFocus LockSpot focus technique
Focusing on a subject not in the center
Frame subject within focus area
Push the shutter halfway down
Reposition your frame
Bracket your shots for best results
Bracket your shots for best results
When unsure about aperture setting
Take 2 or 3 shots at 1/2 to 1 stop intervals
Optional Shooting Modes
Optional Shooting Modes
The following modes may be in your menu separately of in Best Shot options
• Landscape• Captures detailed scenes of distant objects, such as mountains or city skylines.• Camera selects a high f-number, increasing the depth of field so objects near and
far away remain crisp and in focus.
•Steady Shoot•Avoids blurry photos due to camera shake or a moving subject. Best used when lighting is at a low level such as indoors.•Your camera increases its sensitivity to light (ISO) resulting in a shorter exposure time. This helps freeze motion for sharp, clear photos.
• Panorama• Captures grand landscapes or group pictures where you need to take a wider shot than one image can capture.• Stitch up to five shots from right to left (or left to right) into one seamless photo.
• Night Portrait• Provides clear, focused shots of people while capturing background lights at night.• This mode uses the flash to ensure your subject is well lit, followed by a long exposure for bringing out background detail. A tripod is recommended when using this mode.
• Night Landscape
• Captures dramatic color and detail at night andin other and other low-light situations.• This mode uses a long exposure (longer than auto mode) with no flash for rich colors and detail at night. A tripod is necessary in this mode.
Burst or continuous modeBurst or continuous mode
Film Speed: ISO settingFilm Speed: ISO setting
Here are some settings where a higher ISO is desirable:No-flash zones: Low-light concerts,
museums, recitals, and churches where flash photography is not allowed
Candle-lit scenes: Christmas or holiday events or birthday parties where the subject is blowing out the candles in a dark room, which would be ruined by a bright flash
Indoor sporting events: Photographing a moving subject in limited light where stopping the action is your main goal.
Grain increases as the ISO increasesGrain increases as the ISO increases
Use a higher ISO speed where flash would ruin a scene
A good rule of thumb is to set your ISO to 100 when shooting outdoors, and 400 indoors.
Manual Mode: the driver’s seat
Manual Mode: the driver’s seat
Greatest creativity and choice
Unlike aperture priority mode or shutter priority mode, the camera doesn't determine any of the settings to help you.
Exposure Compensation
Exposure Compensation
Advanced control
EV Compensation allows you to adjust the image brightness in difficult lighting conditions.
Increasing the EV Compensation allows the camera to restore the original brightness of white objects in an overly bright scene. Try increasing the steps to get a more natural appearance.
Decreasing the EV Compensation will darken the scene, restoring the original black tones to black.
Shoreline ice photographed without exposure compensation and with +1 stop of exposure compensation.
Red Eye Removal
Menu
Flash button (usually near flower) will cycle through optionsFlash onFlash offRed eye: double flash
SharpnessSharpness
Sharpening increases the contrast of focused image and background
Turning off sharpness softens harsh edges Smooth the wrinkles on a person’s face
SaturationSaturationColor saturation = how vivid colors appear
Good for autumn foliage or when shooting in dull grey day
Too saturated can look garish or
Saturated settings: High: bold colors
Loss of detail Can adjust saturation with image-editing software
Medium: default Low: soft, less intense colors
Often used for portraits
Dawn and SunsetDawn and Sunset
SunsetsSunsetsMeter on the sky near the sun
Underexposure leads to vivid colors
Cloudy daylight setting also punches up the color
Experiment with f-stops
Try shooting a few minutes after sun drops below the horizon
Lens SettingsLens SettingsMost digital cameras have zoom lens 35mm to
105 mm
Often you can buy auxiliary lenses
Getting in CloseGetting in Close
Macro or close-up
Sharp photos up to about 5 inches away
Use LCD monitor is more accurate
TripodTripod
Dim light
Flash not natural
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