bellringer

bellringer

• 1. What are the pumping chambers of the heart called?

• 2. Why does blood get pumped to lungs?

• 3. What is the major organ of the excretory system? Why?

• 4. What system does the adrenal gland belong to?

Ch 46 Circulatory and Respiratory System

46.1 Circulatory System

I. The Heart

A. cardiovascular system – blood, heart and blood vessels

B. lymphatic system –

lymph, lymph nodes

and lymph vessels

Circulatory

II. Heart – 4 chambers

A. septum – (wall) divides heart into left side (O2 rich)and right side (O2 poor)

B. atrium

1. upper chamber

2. two

3. receive blood

C. ventricle

1. lower chamber

2. two

3. pump blood

D. valves

1. flaps of tissue that open in only one direction

2. 4 valves –

E. Circulation in the heart – pg 9341. deoxgenated blood into right atrium2. to right ventricle3. to pulmonary arteries4. to lungs to get oxygen 5. oxygen rich blood to left atrium6. to left ventricle7. to aorta8. to all parts of body

circulation

F. Control of Heartbeat

1. muscle cells contract in waves

2. sinoatrial (SA) node (pacemaker)

a. in right atrium

b. controls contraction of entire heart

3. atrioventricular (AV) node

a. in septum between atria

b. control contraction of ventricles – from SA

Nodes

4. pulse – series of pressure waves within an artery caused by contractions of left ventricle

average 70-90 beats per min

III. Blood Vessels

arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins

A. closed system – blood always contained in a vessel or the heart

B. Arteries and Blood Pressure

1. arteries – carry blood away from heart (aah)

2. blood pressure – force the blood exerts against the inside walls of

blood vessel

a. 120/80 mm Hg – ex:

b. top number = systolic – when ventricle contracts

c. lower number = diastolic – when ventricle is relaxing

3. hypertension – high blood pressure (leading cause of death in most countries)

C. Capillaries and Veins

1. arterioles – small arteries

2. capillaries

a. network of tiny vessels

b. very thin walls – for diffusion

3. venules – small veins

4. veins – carry blood to heart

IV. Patterns of Circulation

A. Pulmonary Circulation

blood flow to and from lungs

B. Systematic circulation

blood flow to rest of body

1. coronary circulation – heart

2. hepatic circ – liver

3. renal circ - kidneys

Bellringer 5/16

• 1. Where does deoxygenated blood come from when it goes to heart? What chamber of heart does it go to?

• 2. What vessel brings blood back to heart?

• 3. What part of blood carries oxygen?

• 4. What vessel is the oxygen diffused into the blood?

V. Lymphatic System

A. lymph – excess fluid

B. lymph nodes

1. traps foreign things

2. store lymphocytes – white blood cells (defense)

46.2 Blood

I. Composition of Blood

A. Plasma – liquid part

1. mostly water

2. metabolites, nutrients, wastes, salts,

proteins, etc

3. very important in transporting many things in body to cells

B. Red Blood Cells (RBC) (erythrocytes)

1. transport oxygen

2. formed in red bone marrow

3. contain hemoglobin

a. binds to oxygen (and CO2)

b. gives red color

4. RBC lack nuclei

C. White Blood Cells - leukocytes

1. defend body against disease

2. types of white blood cells

a. phagocyte – engulf invading microorganisms

b. one produces antibodies – proteins that help destroy invaders

D. Platelets

1. help blood to clot

2. only part of cell and have no nucleus

3. hemophilia – disease when blood does not clot (missing a

protein)

II. Blood Types

A. determined by antigens (proteins in blood) – A and B

B. blood types

A, B, AB, O

C. Rh factor – another protein (+/-)

D. Universal donor?

E. Universal receiver ?

Bellringer 5/17

1. What is the largest artery in human body?

2. What chamber of heart pumps blood to the lungs?

3. What vessels allows diffusion of gases and nutrients?

4. What component of blood carries oxygen?

46. 3 Respiratory System

I. Respiration

A. external resp – exchange of gases between atmosphere and blood

B. internal resp – exchange of gases between blood and cells

II. Lungs (p 947)

A. external resp

B. why would left lung be smaller than right side?

C. Path of Air

1. mouth or nose

2. nasal cavity - lined with cilia to filter

3. pharynx – back of mouth

- epiglottis – cartilage flap covering trachea when you swallow food

4. trachea* (windpipe)

- larynx – voicebox

5. Bronchi – branch to each lung

6. Bronchioles – smaller tubes

7. Alveoli

a. tiny air sacs

b. gas is exchanged here

III. Gas Exchange and Transport

A. between alveoli in lungs and blood in capillaries

B. Read p 948-9

- diffusion

C. Transport of O2

- in RBC in hemoglobin (on iron)

IV. Mechanism of Breathing (p 949)

A. Inspiration – taking air into lungs

1. diaphragm contracts (moves down)

2. lungs expand in size (more space)

B. Expiration – releasing air from lungs

1. diaphragm relaxes (moves up)

2. lungs decrease in size

C. rate of breathing controlled by brain

Breathing

Videos

Circulatory system - overview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3ZDJgFDdk0

Beating heart = 15 sechttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iX6HnUyzgQ0&feature=related

Circulationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo&feature=related

Pacemaker

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWWZKGN9h74

Circulatory sys – ties with resp

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25408-human-body-the-circulatory-system-video.htm

Heart anatomy – details about valves

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE&feature=related

Lymphatic system

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cB5kYMmkEto&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo%2Egoogle%2Ecom%2Fvideosearch%3Fq%3Dlymphatic%2520system%26rls%3Dcom%2Emicrosoft%3Aen%2Dus%26oe%3DUTF%2D8%26startIndex%3D%26st&feature=player_embedded

Blood components (15 min +) good detail

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/19706-blood-comparing-bloods-constituent-parts-video.htm

Blood – shorter overview

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/25405-human-body-blood-video.htm

Lung surgery

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH-NmeWeJts

Oxygen transport – nice combo of circu and resp and importance of hemoglobin

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXOBJEXxNEo&feature=related

Respiratory sys

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwXvqSqAgKc

Diaphragm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related

Bill Nye – part 1 heart and circ – basic overview

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg3iYuQa1e0

Bill Nye – part 2 heart and blood

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzCacPmIkZ8&feature=related

Bill Nye – part 3 – more silly

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoZS0H3sHkk&feature=related

Bill Nye – part 1 of Resp sys

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EbqDt9mvlZU&feature=related

Respiration – good overview – gas exchange

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoSTehS7iq8

Respiration – shows air flow from nares – to alveoli - good

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0&feature=related

Diaphragm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related

Lungs breathing – live

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY&feature=related

Lungs expanding – person in lab blowing into lungs

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=obgjV93XWjk&feature=related

Mechanics of breathing

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYSIWceGMxY&feature=related

Trachea and epiglottis (4 min)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l2r5Do9Ureo&feature=related

Overview of respiration

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxlYm26m1m4&feature=related

Bellringer 5/21• A person with type B blood can received type ______

blood.• a. AB b. AB or B c. O or B d. A • 2. The pulmonary circulation loop carries blood to the • a. kidneys b. intestines c. heart d. lungs• 3. The structure that prevents food and liquid from

entering the trachea• a. pharynx b. larynx c. alveolus d. epiglottis

4. Oxygenated blood is returned to the ________ side of heart to be pumped to the ______.

• a. left, body b. left, lungs c. right, body d. right, lungs

5. Carries oxygen in blood.

A.White blood cells b. platelets c. hemoglobin d. capillaries

6. Air passage way that has cartilage rings in it for support:•a. Trachea b. alveoli c. mouth d. arterioles

7. A man goes out for a run, Identify the main reason the runners heart rate increased.

a. The runner’s cells need to increased cell devision

b. The athlete’s blood pressure needs to increase

c. His cells need more O2 and get rid of more CO2

d. The runner needs more blood

8. In the lungs, is carbon dioxide more concentrated in the alveoli or in the blood. Explain.