bell ringer
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Bell Ringer
• Explain what the Line of Demarcation is.
This Day in History
September 3, 1777- The American flag is flown for the first time in battle.
September 3, 1783- The Treaty of Paris is signed.
September 3, 1939- Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.
BEGINNING OF THE SPANISH EMPIRE
CONQUEST OF THE AZTECS
• In 1519 Conquistador Hernan Cortes left Cuba to sail to present-day Mexico because he had heard rumors of the wealthy Aztec empire.
• Cortes wanted the Aztec wealth as well as to convert the Aztecs to Christianity.
• Despite being vastly outnumbered by the Aztec the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztecs and wipe out their entire culture with the help of smallpox.
CONQUEST OF THE INCAS
• In 1531 Conquistador Francisco Pizarro began conquering cities in the Inca Empire.
• Pizarro only had a little less than 400 men but their superior weapons and the diseases they carried destroyed the Incas.
• By 1533 the Spanish had conquered the Incas with the help of Native American allies that were enemies of the Incas.
Spanish Settlements
• Spain began encouraging people to settle in New Spain. Jews, Muslims, and non-Christians were forbidden.
• Spain ruled through a system of royal officials. The Council of the Indies was formed in 1524. They then appointed to viceroys, or royal governors.
• Types of settlements: pueblos (trading posts or centers of government), missions were started by priests in order to convert natives to Christianity, and presidios were military bases.
Exploring the Southeast
• In 1508 Juan Ponce de Leon landed on Puerto Rico. By 1511 he had conquered the island and founded the city of San Juan.
• In 1512 de Leon discovered present-day Florida. He then began searching for the Fountain of Youth. However, he failed to colonize the area.
• In 1539 Hernando De Soto gained permission to explore the Gulf of Mexico region. In 1541 he discovered the Mississippi River. He would die the next year.
Exploring the Southwest
• In 1528 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca joined an expedition to North America.
• The group shipwrecked off the coast of Texas with only four survivors including de Vaca. They were enslaved by a Native American tribe.
• Six years later they would escape and travel across the Southwest to a Spanish settlement.
• De Vaca would become an advocate for the better treatment of the natives.
Spanish treatment of natives
• The encomienda system was set up to give the right of Spanish settlers to tax or make natives works in exchange for protection and conversion to Christianity.
• The natives were forced to work on large plantations, haciendas or in gold and silver mines.
• Bartolome de Las Casas was a Catholic priest in New Spain that advocated for the better treatment of Natives.
Cause and Effect
• Make a chart and list the causes and effects of the Spanish encounters in North America.
READING QUIZ THURSDAY
• Read Chapter 2, Section 4 (Pages 52-57)
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