beginning of the war no guided notes this chapter, notebook check on wednesday, must take notes a...
Post on 13-Dec-2015
215 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Beginning of the War• NO GUIDED NOTES THIS CHAPTER, NOTEBOOK CHECK ON WEDNESDAY, MUST TAKE
NOTES• A New Kind of War
– Main Ideas:• What are the military advantages and disadvantages of both the Union and Confederacy?• What changes ion warfare took place during the civil war?• Why did North think it would be a short war?• What was the importance of the border states?
– Do Now:• Packet page 2 read the Biography on Robert E. Lee and answer the questions, answer
the 2 questions with the political cartoon.– Topics:
• Start of the War• Advantages and disadvantages• Border States• War strategy
• Lincoln Calls out Militia– Called for 75,000 militia
for 90 day service– Most believed the war
would be short• Southern states refused
• Southern states secede rather than fight against Southerners
• Robert E Lee chose to lead
the CSA army instead of the US Army
VirginiaApril 17 1861
ArkansasMay 6 1861
North CarolinaMay 20 1861
TennesseeMay 7 1861
V i r g i n i a
M a r y l a n d
Mason Dixon LineMaryland was very important to the
United States
Arrested all pro-southern lawmakers
Maryland Legislature then voted on whether to secede
Maryland voted to stay in Union
North vs SouthStrengths
Union
• 22 million people
• Most mineral, factory and naval resources
• Abraham Lincoln– convinced north of need
to fight to save democracy and union
Confederacy
• 9 million people
• Had better and experienced generals
• Were on defensive– shorter supply lines, more
motivation (defending their homes)
North vs SouthStrategy
Union
• Conquer south and return them to Union
• Conquer South by destroying economy– capture Mississippi river
and blockade coast
Confederacy
• Only needed to outlast north
• Avoid large battles and hope north tire of fighting
• South withheld cotton from world– Hoped to force Britain and
France to ally with CSA• There was too much cotton in
1861– Europe didn’t need CSA
cotton– CSA plan to get Europe to
join war failed
Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth
Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth
Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861
Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth
Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth
The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861
The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861
Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War
Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War
Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined
Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined
ImmigrantImmigrantss
as a as a %%of a of a
State’sState’sPopulationPopulation
inin18601860
ImmigrantImmigrantss
as a as a %%of a of a
State’sState’sPopulationPopulation
inin18601860
Decisive Victory Strategy
Union
• Decisive Victory needed to destroy Confederate army
to win
Confederacy
• Decisive Victory needed to ruin north’s fighting
spirit and impress Europeans to join
war
Resulted in large battles with high numbers of casualties
Beginning of War
•North unprepared -- no experience with
guns or horses
•South had been preparing
•No standard uniform – caused confusion as to who was fighting
Women in the WarWomen joined to cook and take care of men
Women passed as men to fight in the war
Women served as nurses
Worked farms and businesses at home
Clara Barton
Served as a nurse during war
Created aid society to support soldiers
Elizabeth Blackwell
Created Soldiers Aid SocietyInspected health conditions of hospitals in war
Anaconda Plan• Winfield
Scott’s plan to strangle South with blockade and land invasions
• Designed to have a quick war
Naval War
Union blockaded the South
As war continued blockade became more effective
USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack)
Both were iron clad ships
Battle was a draw
Emancipation Proclamation
Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863
Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values
Emancipation Proclamation
Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?
Freeing slaves in South seen as military action
As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions
Can’t free slaves in north because of Constitution
Government can’t take property without due process
1• Emancipation
Proclamation does NOT abolish ALL slavery in US
• Why Not?
– Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede
– Lincoln hoped Confederate states would stop fighting and return to the Union
Does Lincoln have authority to make Emancipation Proclamation?
No
• Confederates created an independent nation
• Lincoln has no more authority to pass laws in the CSA than he does to pass laws in Canada
Yes
• US is fighting an internal civil war– Lincoln keeps authority
over the south
• If it is a civil war– European nations are not
allowed to join the war– North should not blockade
the South
Black Americans Join Up• Emancipation Proclamation
also allows blacks into US Army
• Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties
• Used them for support work
• 54th Massachusetts – Glory
Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee
General McClellan
General Burnside
Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to
Lee
General Hooker
Fired after Chancellorsville
for losing to Lee
Union Generals
General Meade given control of Union Army
• Union losses decrease the North’s will to fight
• North cannot get enough volunteers for it’s army
• Congress implements a draft
Draft Riots in NY • northerners opposed to being
forced into fighting
– Copperheads – Northern Democrats
who want peace with South
Pickett’s Charge
15,000 Confederate soldiers attack Union positions
Confederates make it to Ridge, but are driven back
Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy
Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War
Confederates never go on the offensive again
Meade does not pursue Lee
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a military cemetery in Gettysburg
States that the Union is fighting to save democracy for the World
Gettysburg Address
“It is … for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us … that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain --- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”
Battle of Vicksburg
• Union wanted to divide South at Mississippi River
• Union had total control except Vicksburg MS and New Orleans
• Grant wins and gets complete control of Mississippi for Union
Total War• Sherman’s March to the Sea
– Begins September 1864– Sherman led his army from Tennessee to
Atlanta
• Destroy not only army of enemy but homes, factories, farms
– wanted to destroy the will of the people to fight
• Sherman used total war on his march to the sea
• “We are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.”
• Lee becomes surrounded in Virginia
• Decides to surrender to Grant on April 9 1865
Appomattox Courthouse• Grant accepts Lee’s surrender
• Terms are generous– soldiers kept homes, horses, land and
were given food
Assassination of Lincoln
• John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at Fords theater in Washington DC
• Booth was captured and killed
• Lincoln died on April 15, 1865
• First President to be assassinated
• People who helped Booth escape were executed
Results of the Civil War
Casualties of the War
Slaves were freed
Nation is more important than States
People start identifying themselves as American
Manufacturing and Industrial industries expanded during and after the war
top related