beak trimming vaccination sexing

Beak TrimmingVaccination

Sexing

Beak trimming:

• Debeaking, also called beak-trimming is the partial removal of the beak of poultry, especially layer hens and turkeys although it may also be performed on quail and ducks.

Conti…..

• Beak-trimming is most common in egg-laying strains of chickens.

• At the age of 2-3 weeks the bird should be debeaked.

• 1/3 of upper beak should be cut.

Conti…….

Beak-trimming is a preventive measure to reduce damage caused by injurious pecking such as cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking, and thereby improve livability

Conti….

cannibalism feather pecking and aggression are common among turkeys, ducks pheasants quail and egg laying strains of chickens of many breeds .

Mortalities mainly due to cannibalism can be up to 15% in egg laying flocks housed.

Methods

Conti….

• There are currently four widely used methods of beak-trimming:

• hot blade.• cold blade • Electrical• infrared

Electrical method:

• The Bio-beaker, which uses an electric current to burn a small cut in the upper beak, is the preferred method for trimming the beak.

Infrared method:

• The infrared method directs a strong source of heat into the inner tissue of the beak and after a few weeks, the tip of the upper and lower beak dies and drops off making the beak shorter with blunt tips.

The Farm Animal Welfare Council (FAWC)

• FAWC wrote regarding beak-trimming of turkeys that cold cutting was the most accurate method, but that substantial re-growth of the beak occurred;

• Although the Bio-beaker limited beak re-growth, it was less accurate; and that the hot cut was the most distressing procedure .

Benefits:

• The benefits of beak-trimming relate to welfare advantages, some of which directly relate to increases production. These include reduced feather pecking and cannibalism, better feather condition, less fearfulness and nervousness, less chronic stress, and decreased mortality.

disadvantage

• acute stress• Chronic• Pain• Less feed intake• Weight loss

vaccination

Definition:-

• Vaccination is an effective means to prevent and/or reduce the adverse effects of specific diseases in poultry. `

Types of vaccine

• Live vaccine • Attenuated vaccine • Killed vaccine

Live vaccine :

• This vaccine contain live microorganisms.• After application, the vaccine produce high no.

of the vaccine agent over a fairly long period of time.

• This help to produce a strong immunological response.

Attenuated vaccine –

• Such vaccines contain live, attenuated* microorganisms

• An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence** of a pathogen, but still keeping it live.

Killed vaccine:

• It is also known as “inactive vaccines”• Some vaccines contain killed micro-organisms

that have been destroyed with heat, radioactivity or antibiotics.

• It is not capable of spreading the agent to birds.

• They have the capacity to produce immunity when used through vaccination.

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Vaccination procedures

• Intramuscular injection • Subcutaneous injection • Ocular • Nasal

Conti…..

• Spray • Drinking water • Feather follicle • Wing stab

sexing

Sexing of chicks1. Spread wing out like a fan2. Look at feathers on outer joint – bottom row of

feathers are primaries, top row of feathers are coverts.3. When the bottom row(primaries) of feather is longer

than the top row (coverts), the chick is female.4. When the bottom row(primaries) of feather is the

same , or shorter than the top row (coverts), the chick is male

Sex separate rearing

• There is an increasing trend towards raising male and female broiler separately.

Rearing sex separate

• Advantages

– Male gain same weight 4 days before females

– FCR of male is near about 1.73 while that of

female is 1.89

Sex separated broilers

• Advantages

– To meet market demands in a better way

– Sex separated birds have uniformity in weight so

ease in processing.

• Males grow more quickly and efficiently specially to the larger weight.

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malefemale

Nutritional requirement for separate Sexing

• Male and female have different nutritional requirements so we can prepare separate feed for male and separate feed for female

• This will reduce our feed cost

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Selection of Quality Chicks

• Select the birds having economical and desirable traits.

Conti…

• First impression is the last impression is a quote we often use, same the case with broiler.

• A high performance is based on the quality and health of the chicks.

• Quality chicks come from good management of healthy parent stock and careful hatchery practice.

• Efficient delivery to the farm also plays an important role in maintaining chick quality.

Conti….

• If good quality chicks are provided with proper brooding management and nutrition, they should have less than 0.7% mortality and be able to achieve target live weight uniformly over the course of the first 7 days.

• To raise healthy chickens, you must start with healthy chicks.

Determining the quality of Chicks:

• A good quality chick should be– Clean after hatch– Stand firmly– Walk well– Be alert– Active– Bright eyes– Vocalize contentedly

Types :-

• Natural • Artificial

Natural selection

• It is done by nature, the only those birds can survive who can bear the environments ,the others will be died.

Artificial selection

• It is done by a person, select those who are economically favorable and others will be culled.

Jazak Allah