basic chemistry review
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BASIC CHEMISTRY
REVIEW
Octet Rule
The _______________________ states that each energy level AFTER the first can have up to eight
electrons
The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many electrons and protons EACH isotope has.
Isotope # ELECTRONS # PROTONS
O-17
O-18
8
8
8
8
The following are isotopes of oxygen:O-17 & O-18. In the table below, fill in how many neutrons EACH isotope has.
Isotope # ELECTRONS # PROTONS # NEUTRONS
O-17
O-18
8
8
8
8
9
10
Energy level/electron cloud
Where are electrons located in an atom?
Active site
What is represented with B?
B B
Neutral
What is the charge of a neutron?
pH of 1
Which would be considered a “stronger” acid, a pH of 1
or a pH of 6?
pHtemperature
Name one factor than can affect enzymes.
Coefficients
In a chemical equation, ___________________ represent the number of molecules that are
present.
7
On the pH scale, what is considered NEUTRAL?
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
are called __________________.
Atomic Number
The _______________________ represents the number of
protons and electrons that an atom contains.
8
Most atoms need ___ number of electrons in their outer energy level to be
considered stable.
Mass number
The number 23 in the following, sodium-23,
represents the __________.
Ionic
A(n) ____________________ bond occurs when there is a transferring of
electrons between atoms.
Base
Any substance that forms OH- (hydroxide ions) in water would
be considered a(n)__________.
Nucleus
The center of an atom is called the
________________________.
Ions
Charged atoms because they have gained or lost electron(s)
are called _______________.
Mass Number
Isotopes are named by their ______________________
pH of 12
Which would be considered a “stronger” base, a pH of
12 or a pH of 9?
Surface TensionCreeps up thin tubes (capillary action)
Expands when freezes
List one example of how water is a unique substance
due to polarity.
Nucleus
Where are neutrons located in an atom?
1
How many C atoms are present in CH4 ?
pH
How acidic or basic a substance is referred to as that substance’s ________.
Acid
Any substance that forms H+ (hydrogen ions) in water would be considered a(n) __________.
Activation energy
The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to
form products in a chemical reaction is called the ______
CH4 + 2O2
List the reactants:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
pH of 2
Which of the following would contain more H+
ions, pH of 2 or pH of 4?
Lowers the activation energy so the reaction happens faster!
What affect does the enzyme have on the
chemical reaction below?Graph B
substrate
What is the reactant called that binds to the enzyme?
Positive
What is the charge of a proton?
Covalent
________________ bonds occur when atoms of elements
are sharing electrons.
Subscripts
In a chemical reaction, the number of atoms of an element
are represented by ________________.
2
When diagramming atoms, what is the maximum
number of electrons in the 1st energy level?
Enzymes
What are special proteins that act as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions
in biological processes?
CO2 + 2H2O
List the products:CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Enzyme
What is represented with C?
B BC C C
Law of Conservation of Matter
Chemical equations must be balanced due to the
___________________________________
Compound
A substance that contains two or more elements that are
chemically combined is called a(n) _________________________.
0-6.9
On the pH scale, where are acids located? (list the
number range)
3
How many molecules of CH4 are present in 3CH4 ?
Nucleus
Where are protons located in an atom?
yields
What does the arrow represent in a chemical
equation?
Polar
____________ refers to the unequal distribution of charge
of a molecule.
Atom
A(n) _____________ is the smallest particle of an element that has
the characteristics of that element.
element
A(n) _______________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by chemical means.
An atom makes up an element
Elements can’t be broken down chemically
What is the difference between an atom and an
element?
Products
What is represented with E?
Electron cloud; negative
Where are electrons located and what is the charge of an electron?
Mass Number
Protons + Neutrons = _________
8-14
On the pH scale, where are bases located? (list the
number range)
substrate
What is represented with A?
2
Suppose an atom has 6 electrons in the outermost energy level,
how many more electrons would it need to be considered stable?
Nuclear Symbol
Atomic Number
MassNumber
Number of Protons
Number ofNeutrons
Number of
Electrons
19 39
78 80
34 16
10 5
137 81
19 1920
78 78158
181616
5 55
56 56 56
K-39
Pt-158
S-34
B-10
Ba-137
Draw a diagram of a sulfur atom (atomic number = 16,
mass number = 33)
16P17 N
2e-
8e-
6e-
Active site
Name the specific location where a substrate binds on
an enzyme.
negative
What charge does an electron have?
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Balance the following equation:CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
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