baroque – dutch flemish the popularity and success of the "baroque" was encouraged by...
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Baroque – Dutch Flemish• The popularity and success of the "Baroque" was encouraged by the
Roman Catholic Church. They realized that artists' dramatic style could show religious themes with elaborate artistic styles
• The secular (nonreligious) aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and competitors
• This period used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce emotions such as drama, tension, exuberance, and excellence in sculpture, painting, literature, and music
• The style started around 1600 in Rome, and spread to most of Europe• For the first time, Baroque sculpture often had multiple ideal viewing
angles
Primary Artists:
Caravaggio Peter Paul Rubens Diego Velasquez
Bernini Rembrandt Vermeer
Caravaggio• Michelangelo Merisi – successful artist but
his turbulent lifestyle led to fights, drunkenness, murder and he spent years fleeing Rome and the police
• He used live models such as street people • Claimed he didn’t need to study past masters• He created realistic and “lived in” natural
emotions• His use of intense, unseen light sources cast
extreme contrasts of light and dark on the scene, called chiaroscuro influenced generations to come
The Calling of St. Matthew – oil on canvas, 1600
The Conversion of St. Paul –
oil on canvas, 1600
The Crucifixion of St. Peter –
oil on canvas, 1601
Peter Paul Rubens• A famous Flemish artist• His work is in France, Italy, and the
Netherlands, very famous throughout all of Europe
• At an auction in 2002, Rubens' painting Massacre of the Innocents sold for $75 million
The Adoration of the Magi
1624 Oil on canvas The Raising of the Cross 1610 Oil on wood
Diego Velasquez• The crown jewel of Spain’s golden age of painting• Inspired by Caravaggio, with a naturalistic style;
everyday activities and ordinary people as models• Many paintings include royals of Spain, who was his
primary commissioner• His masterpiece, Las Meninas is a play: is the family
royal? (the king and queen entering) or is it picture of the royal family on a commoners wall?
• His paintings have been recreated by Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dali
• Friend of Peter Paul Rubens, who convinced him to use Oil painting Las meninas - 1656
Las meninas 1957– by Picasso
Bernini• Gian Lorenzo Bernini was undoubtedly the most
important sculptor of the Baroque period• He excelled in marble sculptures and busts, with overly
dramatic movement and emotions• Inspired by Greco-Roman sculpture and form• Believed Italian art was better than any other, which
offended the French • Designed the Piazza and colonnades of St. Peter’s Basilica
(Vatican City)
The Ecstasy of St. Theresa
marble sculpture, 1652The Piazza of St. Peter’s Basilica
Vatican, 1652
Apollo and Daphne marble, 1625
Rembrandt• Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn - The greatest
artist of the Dutch school, lived primarily in Amsterdam
• His paintings are characterized by luxuriant brushwork, rich color, and a mastery of chiaroscuro
• He was a master of light and shadow; his paintings, drawings, and etchings made him a master
• He was successful, but died poor, he couldn’t afford his living style
• He produced approximately 600 paintings, 300 etchings, and 1,400 drawings. (60 self-portraits)
The Night Watch, Rijksmuseum 1642
The Little Children Being Brought to Jesus 1649 Etching
Vermeer
• Johannes Vermeer was a Delft painter• He completed less than 40 works of art • He produced carefully detailed interiors
with just one or two figures - usually women – bringing beauty to everyday life• His style used light softly and subtly, like
natural daylight, with highlights to focus• His paintings were full of symbolism, as if
they were like poetry
Girl with a Pearl Earring 1666 Oil on canvas
Young Woman with a Water Pitcher 1665 Oil on canvas
• Choose one artist from the Baroque time period and create your own replica• You can copy the style, the subject, shadowing
effects, the exact paintings – YOUR INTERPRETATION• For examples:• If you copy Caravaggio, create unique light
sources, casting shadows• If you copy Rubens, create obvious emotions
and physical movement• For Velasquez, create your interpretation of
Las Meninas• For Bernini, draw a marble sculpture (Greek-
style) • For Rembrandt, paint a self-portrait• For Vermeer, paint a woman doing an
everyday task
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