baker hughes: greasing the wheels in kazakhstan

Baker Hughes: Greasing the Wheels in Kazakhstan

1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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Case PerspectiveStudents are put into the positions of a newly appointed Audit Committee member of Baker Hughes board of directors shortly after Baker Hughes’s FCPA violations.

Students have to research documents related to the Baker Hughes FCPA violations and answer ten case questions.

Baker Hughes (BH) Profile

• Oil and Gas Services Industry - Drilling, Evaluation, Consulting

• 58,000 Employees in 80 Countries

• Created in 1987 with the merger of Baker International and Hughes Tool Company - both founded over 100 years ago by R.C. Baker & Howard Hughes, Sr. 5

Kazakhstan Profile

Kazakhstan Profile • 9th largest country in the world (4x Texas)

• In 1991, the USSR was dissolved and Kazakhstan became independent

• Population is 15.5 MM

• Kazakhstan holds 4 billion tons of proven recoverable oil reserves • By 2015, Kazakhstan will be among the top 10

oil-producing nations7

The Karachaganak Oil Field is located near Aksai, Kazakhstan

Consequences of BH’s FCPA Violations (2002-2007)

• 330 lawyers, 82 support staff, 31 forensic accountants

• Documents and electronic media from 20 cities on four continents

• Reviewed data from approximately 300 computers

• 245 witness interviews

• BHI reviewed (either page-by-page or using term searches) approximately 1.69 terabytes of electronic data, the approximate equivalent of 90 million pages, as well as hundreds of thousands of pages of hard-copy documents

Source: Baker Hughes Inc. · 10-Q · For 3/31/07 · EX-99.3 9

1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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Two Events led to the FCPA’s Creation in 1977

1. Watergate 1972-74

2. Lockheed $22 million bribe to Japan 1976

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3 MAJOR PARTS OF FCPA

1. Anti-Bribery

2. Accurate Record-Keeping

3. Internal Controls

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1. ANTIBRIBERY PROVISIONS

“It is a crime for any U.S. person or company to directly or indirectly pay or promise anything of value to any foreign official to obtain or retain any improper advantage.”

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2. ACCOUNTING REQUIREMENTS

“Make and keep books, records, and accounts, which in reasonable detail, accurately reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets.”

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3. INTERNAL CONTROLS“Devise and maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded appropriately and in accordance with rules and regulations.”

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FCPA Penalties

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Criminal fraud charges

Civil injunctive action

Administrative cease and desist proceedings

Disgorgement of ill-gotten gains

Implementation of FCPA compliance program

Independent Monitor

Continuing reporting obligation

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Other FCPA Remedies

Recent Changes in U.S. FCPA Enforcement Agencies_____

• DOJ - added 25 FCPA prosecutors

• FBI – FCPA unit of investigative agents

• SEC - special FCPA enforcement unit

Significant Anti-Bribery and related Legislation

1. FCPA (1977)2. OECD Anti-Bribery Convention (1997)3. Sarbanes-Oxley (2002)4. UK Bribery Act of 20105. Dodd-Frank – Whistleblower (2011)6. Canada’s Corruption of Foreign Public

Officials Act (2013) 23

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1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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BH and the Corruption Perception Index

Corruption Perceptions Index of 2001

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Baker Hughes,(VP of Marketing)

Agent Company(in Isle of Man)

Roy Fearnley, Baker Hughes,Team Leader for the Tender

Principal of the Agent Company,(identified in 2010 by Wikileaks cable as Robert Kissin, UK Banker)

Karachaganak Integrated Oil (KIO) British Gas (UK), 32.5 % Eni-AGIP (Italy) , 32.5 % ChevronTexaco (US), 20 % Lukoil (Russia), 15 %

Kazakhoil (National Oil Company)& Government of Kazakhstan40 year Production

Sharing Agreement

3 year Oil Service Contract($200 million total)

2% of Baker HughesRevenues - Bribes

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Quotes from the SEC Complaint“Winning the Karachaganak Project was crucial for the future health of Baker Hughes in Kazakhstan”

Baker Hughes VP of Marketing Nov., 1999--------------------------------------------------------------------

“I heard unofficially Baker Hughes won the contract, we should know within a week”

Roy Fearnley to the VP of Marketing, Sept. 2, 2000--------------------------------------------------------------------“An agent for Kazakhoil is demanding unless we

pay a commission, we can say goodbye to this and future business”

Roy Fearnley, Sept. 24, 2000

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Timeline of the FCPA Violations

• On Sept. 27, 2000, BH agrees to pay commissions

• On Oct. 23, 2000, BH awarded contract by KIO

• Between May, 2001 and Nov., 2003, BH made 27 “Commission Payments” totaling $4.1 MM

• Payments recorded on BH books as “Commissions”, “Fees” and “Legal Services”

1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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Example of Actual Case and Hypothetical Question

1. Introduction 2. FCPA and Anti-Bribery Legislation 3. SEC and DOJ Increase Enforcement 4. Roy Fearnley Bribes in Kazakhstan 5. Baker Hughes Compliance Program 6. Case Questions and Assignments

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