babok2 chapter9 daxko
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BABOK® v2.0 Chapter 9: Techniques
Techniques
Outline:
High-level overview of the Techniques
referenced in the Knowledge Areas of the
BABOK Guide. Techniques alter the way a
business analysis task is performed or
describes a specific form the output of a task
may take.
Thank you and Contact Info
Special thanks to DAXKO for sponsoring this meeting
Presenter: Tammy S Bishop, CBAP
Business Systems Analyst, Senior
Drummond Company, Inc.
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Techniques
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Techniques listed here are a subset of those used by practitioners of business analysis.
Business analysts who specialize in a particular methodology or business domain may use only a few of the techniques mentioned or may use other techniques not described herein.
Techniques listed here are applicable to different situations and business domains.
9.5 Data Dictionary and Glossary
Purpose Defining key terms and data relevant to business domain
Description Formally identify and define all terminology used by the
organization or organizational unit
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9.5 Data Dictionary and Glossary
Elements Glossary Data Dictionary Primitive Data Elements
Name Aliases Values/Meanings Description
Composite Data Elements Sequences Repetitions Optional Elements
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9.5 Data Dictionary and Glossary
Usage Considerations Useful for ensuring all stakeholders are in agreement on
the format and content of relevant information
Capturing in a single model ensures terms will be used consistently.
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9.6 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) - Purpose
Purpose Shows how information is Input, Processed, Stored, and
Output from a system Description
Visual representation of how info is moved through a system External Entities that provide data to or receive it from a
system Processes of system that transform data Data stores in which data is collected for a period of time Data Flows by which data moves between entities,
processes, and data stores
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9.6 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) - Elements
Elements External Entities Data Store Data Process Data Flow
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9.6 Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) - Usage
Strengths Discover technique for processes or data Verification of Functional Decomposition or Data Model Easily understood Useful analysis deliverable for developers in Structured
Programming Environment Weaknesses
No responsibility shown No alternative paths
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9.6 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) - Example
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9.7 Data Modeling - Purpose
Purpose Describe concepts relevant to a domain, relationships
between those concepts, and info associated with them Description
Diagram supported by Textual description Represents People, Places, Things, and Concepts
important to the business Entity Relationship Diagram and Class Diagrams are
most common
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9.7 Data Modeling - Elements
Elements Concept Attributes
Name Values/Meanings Description
Relationship Metadata
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9.7 Data Modeling - Usage
Advantages Flexibility of different levels of description Consistent modeling approach that supports transition
through Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation Disadvantages
Complex Concepts may be unfamiliar to people without background
in IS Difficult to understand if not properly presented Terms/Definitions vary in use
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9.7 Data Modeling - Example
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9.12 Functional Decomposition - Purpose
Purpose To decompose processes, functional areas, or
deliverables into component parts and allow each part to be analyzed independently
Description Ensure problem is separated into sub-problems that are
as independent as possible so work can be assigned to different groups.
Provides ability to scale and manage large projects
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9.12 Functional Decomposition - Elements
Elements Identifies high-level functions and then breaks those
functions down into smaller pieces Represent processes carried out by the organization Continues until sub-function cannot break down further Similar to a WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) Use Hierarchical Diagrams, Tree Diagrams, or numbering
each sub-function
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9.12 Functional Decomposition - Usage
Advantages Provides consistent view of scope of effort Estimates can be made easier Conceptual model of work needed to deliver solution
Disadvantages No guarantee all components are captured Decomposing a problem without understanding the
relationship between the pieces may create an inappropriate structure that impedes analysis
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9.12 Functional Decomposition - Example
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9.21 Process Modeling - Purpose
Purpose Gain understanding of how work involving multiple roles
and departments is performed Description
Process linked by sequence Shows events by people, rules, or passage of time May include manual or automated activities or both Complete when objective or goal is completed Used for Current and Future state processes
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9.21 Process Modeling - Elements
Elements Notation Elements Process Improvement
Six Sigma Lean BPM approaches
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9.21 Process Modeling - Usage
Advantages Users are comfortable with elements / concepts Effectively show how to handle large number of scenarios Used for eliciting, verifying requirements and training
Disadvantages May be complex and hard to understand when contain too
much activity Problems are not always readily identifiable by looking at
model
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9.21 Process Modeling - Example
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9.27 Scope Modeling - Purpose
Purpose Used to describe scope of analysis or solution
Description Basis for defining and delimiting scope of business
analysis Shows boundaries of scope and business domain
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9.27 – Scope Modeling - Elements
Elements Context Diagram Events Features Use Case Diagram Business Process
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9.27 Scope Modeling - Usage
Advantages Makes it easier to determine what should be in scope and
out of scope for solution Disadvantages
Usually leave much detailed scope still needing to be investigated and detailed
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9.27 Scope Modeling - Example
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