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Updates on Management of Cucurbits and Tomato

Diseases

Mohammad BabadoostUniversity of Illinoisbabadoos@illinois.edu15 February 2017

Cucurbits & Tomato Diseases ______________________________________ New chemicals Fungicides Cucurbit powdery mildew Cucurbit downy mildew Cucurbits Phytophthora blight Cucurbit bacterial spot Tomato bacterial spot Tomato Septoria leaf blight Tomato Sclerotinia blight Babadoost

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesBenzovindiflupyr[FRAC Code: 7]

Aprovia Blueberries Leaf rust, Septoria leaf spot Grape Alternaria rot, angular leaf

spot, anthracnose, black rot, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, powdery mildew

Pome fruit Alternaria blotch, cedar-apple rust, quince rust, Scab, sooty blotch/flyspeck, fruit rots,

Difenoconazole + Benzovindiflupyr[FRAC Code: 3 + 7]

AproviaTop

Blueberries Leaf rust, Septoria leaf spot

Cucurbits Several fungal diseases

Fruiting vegetables

Several fungal diseases

Peas/beans Several fungal diseases

Tuberous vegetables

Several fungal diseases

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesAzoxystrobin + Benzovindiflupyr[FRAC Code: 11 + 7]

Elatus Potato Black dot, Rhizoctonia canker, silver scurf

Sweet corn

Several fungal diseases (rust, blight, gray leaf spot, …

Oxathiapiprolin [FRAC Code: U15]

Orondis Gold 200

Cucurbits Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici)

Fruiting vegetables

Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici)

Leafy vegetables

Downy mildew

Mefenoxam [FRAC Code: 4]

Orondis Gold B

Cucurbits Damping-off (Pythiumspp.)

Fruiting vegetables

Damping-off and Phytophthora diseases

Leafy vegetables

Damping-off (Pythiumspp.)

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade Name Crop DiseasesOxathiapiprolin [FRAC Code: U15]

Orondis Opti A

Brassicas Downy mildewBulb veget. Downy mildewCucurbits Downy mildew and

Phytophthora blightFruiting vegetables

Downy mildew and Phytophthora diseases

Ginseng Phytophthora root rotPotato Late blight

Chlorothalonil [FRAC Code: M5]

Orondis Opti B

Brassicas Alternaria and downy mildewBulb veget. Several fungal diseasesCucurbits Several fungal disease Fruiting veg. Several fungal diseases Ginseng Alternaria and gray moldPotato Several fungal diseases

Orondis Opti A and Orondis Opti B should be mixed

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade Name Crop DiseasesOxathiapiprolin[FRAC Code: U15]

Orondis Ultra A

Brassicas Downy mildewBulb veget. Downy mildewCucurbits Downy mil. & PhytophthoraFruiting vegetables

Downy mildew and Phytophthora diseases

Ginseng Phytophthora root rotLeafy veget. Downy mildewPotato Late blight

Mandipropamid[FRAC Code: 40]

Orondis Ultra B

Brassicas Downy mildewBulb veget. Downy mildewCucurbits Downy mil. & PhytophthoraFruiting veg. Downy mild. & PhytophthoraGinseng Phytophthora root rotLeafy veget. Downy mildewPotato Late blight

Orondis Ultra A and Orondis Ultra B should be mixed

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesPolyoxin[FRAC Code: 19]

OSO SC Brassicas Several fungal diseases

Bulb veget. Several fungal diseases

Carrot Several fungal diseases

Citrus Several fungal diseases

Cucurbits Several fungal diseases

Fruiting veg. Several fungal diseases

Grape Gray mold, powdery mildew

Leafy veget. Several fungal diseases

Legumes Several fungal diseases

Pome fruit Scab, powdery mildew

Potato Early & late blights, white mol.

Stone fruit Botrytis, powdery mildew

Isofetamid [FRAC Code: 7]

Kenja400SC

Grape Botrytis bunch rot

Lettuce Sclerotinia drop

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesFluopyram [FRAC Code: 7]

Luna Privi-lege

Artichoke Several fungal diseases

Blueberry Several fungal diseases

Brassicas Several fungal diseases

Carrot Several fungal diseases

Cherry Brown rot, cherry leaf spot, powdery mildew, scab,

Dill Several fungal diseases

Citrus Fungal diseases

Pome Fruits Scab, powdery mildew, sooty blotch/flyspeck

Grape Several fungal diseases

Ginseng Several fungal diseases

Herbs Gray mold, powdery mildew

Leafy green Several fungal diseases

Legumes Several fungal diseases

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesFluopyram [FRAC Code: 7]

Continues

Luna Privi-lege

Cucurbits Several fungal diseases

Bulb veget. Several fungal diseases

Tomato Several fungal diseases

Root veget. Several fungal diseases

Fluopyram + Tebuconazole [FRAC Code: 7 + 3]

Luna Expe-rience

Almond Several fungal diseases

Pecan Several fungal diseases

Pistachio Several fungal diseases

Grape Several fungal diseases

Watermelon Gray mold, powdery mildew

Fluopyram + Trifloxystrobin[FRAC Code: 7 + 11]

Luna Sensa-tion

Almond Several fungal diseases

Apple Scab, powdery mildew, rust, sooty blotch/flyspeck, fruit rot

Cherry Several fungal diseases

Watermelon Several fungal diseases

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesAzoxystrobin [FRAC Code: 11]

Aframe Almond Several fungal diseases

Artichoke Ramularia leaf spot

Asparagus Purple spot

Blueberry Several fungal diseases

Brassicas Several fungal diseases

Bulb veget. Several fungal diseases

Carrot Several fungal diseases

Celery Several fungal diseases

Citrus Several fungal diseases

Cucurbits Several fungal diseases

Fruiting veg. Gray mold, powdery mildew

Grape Several fungal diseases

Herbs Several fungal diseases

Leafy veget. Several fungal diseases

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesAzoxystrobin [FRAC Code: 11]

Continues

Aframe Legumes Several fungal diseases

Pecans Anthracnose, scab

Potato Several fungal diseases

Stone Fruits Brown rot, scab, powdery mildew, shot hole

Tomato Several fungal diseases

Tree nuts Several fungal diseases

Root/Tub ve Several fungal diseases

Azoxystrobin + propiconazole [FRAC Code: 11 + 3]

AframePlus

Beans Several fungal diseases Berries Several fungal diseasesBulb veget. Several fungal diseases

Celery Early blight, late blight

Stone Fruits Brown rot, scab, powdery mildew, shot hole

Strawberry Several fungal diseases

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade

NameCrop Diseases

Bladpolypeptide [FRAC Code: U]

Fracture SC

Grape Gray mold, powdery mildew

Strawberry Gray mold, powdery mildew

Tomato Gray mold, powdery mildew

Fluoxastrobin[FRAC Code: 11]

After-shock SC

Sweet corn Several fungal diseases

Fruiting vegetables

Early blight, late blight, southern blight

Strawberry Anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mold, Rhizoctonia

Leafy vegetables

Cercospora blight, late blight, Rhizoctonia root rot

Cucurbits Several fungal diseases

Tuberous vegetables

Early blight, late blight, silver scurf, black dot

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name Trade

NameCrop Diseases

Fluoxastrobin[FRAC Code: 11]

Evito480 SC

Sweet corn Several fungal diseases

Fruiting vegetables

Early blight, late blight, southern blight

Strawberry Anthracnose, gray mold, powdery mold, Rhizoctonia

Leafy vegetables

Cercospora blight, late blight, Rhizoctonia root rot

Cucurbits Several fungal diseases

Tuberous vegetables

Early blight, late blight, silver scurf, black dot

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop Diseases

Thiophanate-methy + propiconazol[FRAC Code: 1 + 3]

Protocol SC

Almond Several fungal diseases

Pecan Several fungal diseases

Stone fruits Several fungal diseases

Strawberry Anthracnose, rust, Cercospora spot, gray mold

Tetraconazole[FRAC Code: 3]

Mettle 125 ME

Gooseberry Powdery mildew

Grape Black rot

Strawberry Powdery mildew

New Fungicides for Fruit & Vegetables Common Name TradeName Crop DiseasesBacillus mycoides, isolate J [Biocontrol agent]

LifeGardWG

Almond Alternaria disease

Citrus Citrus canker

Brassicas Downy mildew

Cucurbits Anthracnose, downy mildew, gummy stem, powdery mild.

Fruiting vegetable

Bacterial spot & speck, early blight, gray mold, late blight

Grape Downy mildew

Lettuce Downy mildew, powdery mild.

Legumes White mold

Pecan Pecan scab

Pone fruit Fire blight

Potato Early & late blights, white mol.

Spinach Downy mildew, leaf spot

LifeGard can be used in organic production

Powdery Mildew on Cucurbits______________________________________

Serious disease on: Pumpkins (JOL & processing) Squash (summer & winter) Melons

Babadoost

Powdery Mildew: Symptoms_____________________________________

Symptoms & Sings Powdery fungal growth

(Mycelium and conidia) Infected tissues Vines Petioles Upper and lower leaf surfaces Fruit stems

Babadoost

Powdery Mildew: vine infection

Babadoost

Powdery Mildew: lower surface of leaf

Babadoost

Powdery Mildew: fruit stemsBabadoost

Powdery Mildew: upper surfaces of leaves

Babadoost

Our Powdery Mildew Project _____________________________________

Identify pathogen species Determine genetic variation Disease Management

Babadoost

ItalyChile

Locations of powdery mildew samplesBabadoost

Powdery Mildew Pathogens_____________________________________

Two reported fungal species Podosphaera xanthii Erysiphe cichoracearum

More than 200 powdery mildew samples showed that only Podosphaera xanthii is in the US

Babadoost

Variation among isolates of powderymildew fungus

Babadoost

Reproductive bodies of Podosphaera xanthii

Pathogen Mating Types: 1 and 2

Babadoost

Fungal Characteristics ____________________________________

Obligate parasite (biotrophic) Heterothalic (mating types) Sexual state: cleistothecium Asexual state: conidia Feed on epidermal cells Races have been documented

Babadoost

Powdery Mildew Characteristics Occurrence: annually occurring Initial inoculum: conidia Inoculum sources: southern states and

greenhouses Conidia viability: 7-8 days Disease cycle: in 3-7 Favored: dryness with RH (50-100%) Temperatures: 50-90°F (68-80°F) Rain and water: unfavorable Yield losses: significant Babadoost

Expected Time for Powdery Mildew in Illinois ______________________________________

South: around July 15 Central and North: after July 20

Babadoost

Important Management Points ______________________________________

Powdery mildew develops first on vines

Then, powdery mildew moves onto lower leaf surfaces

Powdery mildew on upper leaf surfaces indicates outbreaks

Babadoost

Effective Management of cucurbit Powdery Mildew _________________________________

Plant resistance Chemical control

Babadoost

Powdery Mildew Management ______________________________________

Plant resistance Resistant/tolerant cultivars of

cantaloupe, cucumber, squash, pumpkin

Babadoost

Crop Cultivar Crop CultivarCucumber Carolina Winter

squash, acorn

Royal AceEureka Table StarThunder Taybelle PM

Melon Athena Zucchini PayrollEclipse SebringMarygold Pumpkin AladdinPrimo GladiatorSavor Majic Lantern

Summer squash, yellow

Patriot II MerlinSunglo Pure GoldSunray

Cucurbits Resistant/Tolerant to Powdery Mildew

Babadoost

Pumpkin & Squash:Aprovia Top (3,7)Fontelis (7)Inspire Super (3,9)Luna Experience (3,7)Luna Sensation (7,11)Merivon (7,11)Microthiol (S) (M)Monsoon (3)Pristine (7,11)Procure (3), Rally (3)Quintec (13)Torino (U6)Toledo (3), Vibe (3)Vivando (U8)

Cantaloupe, Cucumber, Watermelon:

Aprovia Top (3,7)Fontelis (7)Inspire Super (3,9)Luna Experience (3,7)Luna Sensation (7,11)Merivon (7,11)Microthiol (S) (M)Monsoon (3)Pristine (7,11)Procure (3), Rally (3)Quintec (13)Torino (U6)Vivando (U8)

Fungicides for Cucurbit Powdery Mildew

Most Effective Fungicides for Management of Pumpkin and Squash Powdery Mildew, Illinois______________________________________ Quintec, Procure, TorinoWeekly spray of Quintec

alternated with Torino or Procure (from the first sign of the disease until the end of August) Babadoost

Downy Mildew and Its Management

Babadoost

Downy mildew on cucumberBabadoost

A pumpkin filed with downy mildew-infected plants Babadoost

Cucurbit Downy Mildew ______________________________________

Downy mildew: a fungal disease Pathogen:

Pseudoperonospora cubensis Occurrence:

may or may not occur in Illinois Importance: devastating disease Management: effective fungicides

Babadoost

Management of Downy Mildew___________________________________________________

Monitoring pathogen movement:www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/pp/cucurbit

Field scouting is very important

Accurate disease diagnosis is essential

Fungicide applicationsBabadoost

Fungicide Leaf infection (%)Control 19.14 aRevus 0.14 cdForum 1.30 b-dGavel 0.25 cdOmega 0.00 dPresidio 0.15 cdProPhyt 0.18 cdRanman 1.23 bcdRidomil Gold Copper 0.85 bcdTanos 1.80 bcZampro 0.15 cdZing 0.59 bcd

Downy Mildew Control, 2015

Effective Management of Downy Mildew of Cucurbits ______________________________________

Fungicides for downy mildew - Revus + Bravo Weather - Omega + Bravo Weather- Orondis Ultra + Bravo Weather- Orondis Opti

Babadoost

Phytophthora Blight (Phytophthora capsici)

and Its Management

Babadoost

BabadoostPumpkin fruit infection by P. capsici

Cucurbit fruit infection by P. capsiciBabadoost

Management of Phytophthora Blight of Cucurbits

____________________________________________________

Recommended practices ≥3 years of crop rotations Seed treatment with Apron XL LS

(0.64 fl oz/100 lb seed) Avoid using contaminated water Disk localized infected plants (areas) Fungicide applications (spray)

Babadoost

Effective Fungicides for Phytophthora Blight _____________________________________

Revus + Kocide-3000 Alt. Orondis Opti (or Ranman or Tanos) + Kocide-3000

Babadoost

Phytophthora Blight in Bean _____________________________________

A sanitation problem: disinfest your hands after touching infected fruit and before touching uninfected fruits

Babadoost

Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas cucurbitae)

and Its Management

Babadoost

Babadoost

Bacterial spot of pumpkin

Our Project on Bacterial Spot _____________________________________

A disease of pumpkins and winter squash

Pathogen survives more than 24 months in the field

Pathogen survives more than 20 months in seeds

Seed-borne inoculum can be eradicated by hot-water Babadoost

Our Project on Bacterial Spot _____________________________________ Seed-borne inoculum can be

eradicated by HCl No resistant cultivar is available Crop rotation of > 2 years Chemical control: Dithane-M +

copper + Regalia

Babadoost

Abiotic and Biotic Diseases of Tomato

Abiotic disorders of tomato Babadoost

Bacterial Spot of Tomato______________________________________Pathogen: Xanthomonas

campestris pv. vesicatoria Occurrence: most prevalent

bacterial disease of tomato in Illinois, especially in the south

Damage: mainly foliage necrosis

Babadoost

BabadoostBacterial spot on tomato leaves

BabadoostBacterial spot on flower stems

BabadoostBacterial spot of tomato fruit

Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2016, VandaliaFoliage Dis Sev (%) 19 Aug

Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R..

Control (check) 0 4 a-c 15 aPhyton Spectrum XP (40 oz/A) 8 4 a-c 9 abDithane (2 lb) + Kocide-3000 (1.5 lb) 8 3 cd 21 cdQuintec+Kocide /Dithane+Kocide 8 1 d 2.5 dQuadris+Kocide /Brav WS+Kocide 8 4 a-c 6.5 b-dKocide + Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lb) 8 2.5 b-d 5.5 b-dRegalia (32 fl oz) + Manzate Pro S. 8 4.5 ab 11 ab Cueva (32 fl oz) + Double Nikel 8 6 a 10.50 abReliant (64 fl oz) 8 5 ab 8 b-d

Bacterial Spot of Tomatoes-2016, VandaliaFoliage Dis Sev (%) 17 Sep

Treatment # Spray Mt. F. Dixie R..

Control (check) 0 41 a 60 aPhyton Spectrum XP (40 oz/A) 8 26 b-d 36 d-fDithane (2 lb) + Kocide-3000 (1.5 lb) 8 14 e 24 fQuintec+Kocide /Dithane+Kocide 8 12.5 e 25 efQuadris+Kocide /Brav WS+Kocide 8 26 b-d 35 d-fKocide + Manzate Pro Stick (1.5 lb) 8 19 de 37.5 c-eRegalia (32 fl oz) + Manzate Pro S. 8 22.5 c-e 36 d-f Cueva (32 fl oz) + Double Nikel 8 27.5 b-d 38 cdReliant (64 fl oz) 8 35 ab 47.5 a-d

Septoria Blight /Bacterial Spot of Tomato -2016, Champaign, IL .

Foliage blight .Treatment # Spray 12 Sep (%).

Control (check) 0 81.25 aQuintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)alt Dithane-M (2 lb) + Kocide (1.5 lb) 8 20.00 bQuadris (6.2 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)alt Bravo W.S. (2 pt) + Kocide (1.5 lb) 8 15.00 bRegalia (32 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb) alt Regalia + Manzate Pro Stivck (1.5 lb) 8 13.50 b

Management of Tomato Diseases _______________________________________ Major diseases:

Septoria leaf blight and bacterial leaf spot

Effective treatments for bacteria: Quintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)Alt. Dithane-M(2lb)+Kocide (1.5 lb)

ORQuintec (6 fl oz) + Kocide (1.5 lb)Alt. BravoW.S.(2pt)+Kocide(1.5 lb)

Septoria Leaf Blight of Tomato______________________________________

Fungal Diseases: Septoria lycopersici

Leaf infection, foliar blight Seed- and residue-borne disease Plant infection throughout the

season A devastating disease, Illinois

Babadoost

Septoria leaf spot & blight of tomatoBabadoost

Management of Septoria Blight of Tomato _____________________________________

Cultural practices Plant pathogen-free seed Crop rotation: 3 years Remove debris after harvest

Chemical controlQuadris Alt. Chlorothalonil

Babadoost

Sclerotinia Blight (White Mold) of Tomato

Babadoost

White Molds (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)Babadoost

White Molds (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)Babadoost

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

A

Babadoost

Sclerotinia Blight of Tomato ____________________________________ Disease: a fungal disease Pathogen: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Status: a soil-born pathogen Pathogen survival: as sclerotia Favorable conditions: wet Infection site: stem and flower Symptoms: water-soaked lesions

and plant blight, with sclerotiaBabadoost

Sclerotinia Blight of Tomato .

Management: is difficult (air-born & soil-born inoculi, large host-range

Cultural practices Resistant cultivars not available Dry soil surface Sub-surface drip irrigation Low plant densities Stake plants Remove infected plants

Spray: Cabrio, Contans (a fungus), Priaxor

Babadoost

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