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11/30/16
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Chapter 16 Section 3
Valley of Mexico � Modern day Mexico
City
� Lakes
� Fertile soil
Early Civilization
� Teotihuacan- “City of the Gods” � Early 1st century � Avenue of the Dead � Over 20 pyramids dedicated to the gods
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Early Civilization
Early Civilization
Teotihuacan
� Thriving trade network � Obsidian- green or black volcanic glass
� Most valuable trade item � Used for weapons
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Obsidian
Teotihuacan Decline
� Historians believe � Invasion of outside force � Conflict among ruling class
� Abandoned by 750CE
Toltec
� 900 CE � Capital- Tula � Built temples and pyramids
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Toltec
� Tall pillars in shape of warriors � Extreme warlike people
� Worship of war god � Need of blood sacrifice
Toltec
� Topiltzin � Change religion � Quetzalcoatl or Feathered Serpent � Sent into exile- Yucatan Peninsula
Aztec
� C. 1200 CE � City- States that survived fall of the
Toltec � Were called Mexica
� Poor, nomadic people from No. desert
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Aztec Legend
� Huitzilopochtli- god of sun and warfare � Create their own city � Eagle perched on a cactus holding a
snake in its mouth
Aztec Legend
Aztec
� Lake Texcoco- Center of the valley � 1325- Tenochtitlán
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Aztec
� 1428 joined Triple Alliance � Texcoco and Tlacopan � Leading power in the valley � Early 1500’s controlled over 80,000 sq.
miles
Aztec Government
� Empire was divided into 38 provinces � Estimated pop. 5- 15 million
Aztec Government
� Rulers govern different regions � Demand of tribute
� Gold, maize, cotton, jade
� Did not pay tribute- village would be destroyed
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Aztec Society
� Military leaders held great power � Priests and gov’t officials- made up Noble
class
� Nobles owed vast estates
Aztec Society
� Commoners � Merchants, artisans, soldiers and farmers ○ Owned land
� Merchants acted as spies for the Emperor
Aztec Society
� Enslaved person � Lowest class � Captives � Many different jobs
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Aztec Society
� Emperor at top � Power was absolute � Met with bare feet and eyes down
Tenochtitlán
� Island � Three raised roads to connect mainland
� Urban center- early 1500’s � 200,000- 400,000 � Bigger than London
Tenochtitlán
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Tenochtitlan
� Huge market place- Tlatelolco � Goods come from chinampas
� marshy area of lake � floating gardens
Tenochtitlan
� City center- � Great Temple ○ Twin temples on top ○ sun god and rain god
Tenochtitlan
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Aztec Religion
� Over 1,000 gods � Worshipped Toltec god- Quetzalcoatl
Aztec Religion
� Elaborate public ceremonies � Ritual song, dance, and drama � Many religious festivals
Aztec Religion
� Sacrifices � Huitzilopuchtli- cause of sun rising � Fight evil to get to next day � Needed nourishment of human blood
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Aztec Religion
� Sacrifices- � If sun does not rise- world goes into
darkness and would perish � Practiced on mass skill � All about quantity
Aztec Religion
� Sacrifices � Top of Great Temple � Use of Obsidian knife to cut out beating
heart
Aztec Religion
� Sacrifices � Enslaved person, criminals, people offered
as tribute � Prisoners or war- preferred victims ○ Keeps Aztec at war
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Aztec Problems
� 1502- Montezuma II was Emperor � Empire begins to weaken � Wants more sacrifices and tribute
Aztec Problems
� Unrest and rebellion � Montezuma lessens demand of tribute � People start to see bad omens
� Especially when the Spanish arrive
� https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aG8WqEyXIyc
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