aws standard-setting system report rr april 2016...
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AllianceforWaterStewardship
Standard-SettingSystemReport
April2016
www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org
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IntroductionThisStandard-SettingSystemReportdelineatesthecurrentstatusoftheAllianceforWaterStewardship’s(AWS’s)standard-settingprocess,knownastheAWSWaterRoundtable(WRT).AnAWSStandardDevelopmentProcedureisindraftandsubmittedatthisstageforcomment,priortotheapprovaloftheAWSBoardlaterthisyear.TheAWSComments,ComplaintsandAppealsProcedureisalsoindraftformandsubmittedforcommentpriortoAWSBoardapproval.ThisreportisintendedtoshowcompliancewiththeISEALcodeofgoodpracticeforsettingstandards(“StandardsCode”).Thisreportisorganizedinto5mainsectionsandoneAppendix:
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................11.0Scope................................................................................................................................................2
2.0StakeholderEngagement.................................................................................................................63.0StandardsDevelopment.................................................................................................................10
4.0StructureoftheAWSStandard......................................................................................................22
5.0StandardsReviewandRevision......................................................................................................30AppendixA:Stakeholdersub-groupmapping......................................................................................31
ThisStandard-SettingSystemReportreferencesseveraladditionalmaterials.Twokeydocumentsarereferencedseveraltimesarenotedbelow.Youmaywishtohavethemonhandwhenreviewingthisreport.
TheWaterRoundtable(WRT)ProcessDocument2011http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdfTheAWS’smissionistopromotewaterstewardship:theuseoffreshwaterthatissociallybeneficial,environmentallyresponsibleandeconomicallysustainable.Toachievethismission,theAWSisdevelopingaglobalwaterstewardshipprogram,whichwillidentifyandrewardbusinessesandwaterserviceproviderswhotakeeffectiveactiontoreducetheimpactsoftheirwateruse.Moreover,akeyelementofthisprogramisthedevelopmentofanInternationalWaterStewardshipStandard(IWSSorAWSStandard).AWS’sglobalWaterRoundtable(AWSWRT)istheAlliance’smulti-stakeholderstandard-settingprocess.ThisdocumentoutlinestheoverallAWSWRTprocess,includingthestandarddecision-makingbodyoftheAWSWRT,whichwillbecalledtheInternationalStandardDevelopmentCommittee(ISDC).
TheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandard(AWSStandard)v1.0http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standardThisdocumentisthefinalproductoftheWRT,thefinalizedAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardor“AWSStandard”.
Whenanyresourceisreferencedinthisreport,alinkwillbeprovidedaswellasthepagenumberonwhichtheinformationcanbeaccessed.
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Foranyadditionalquestions,pleasecontactRichardRobertson,TechnicalManager,AllianceforWaterStewardship(richard@allianceforwaterstewardship.org).
Thebodyofthisreportwasdevelopedin2014byNicoleTanner,DeputyGlobalCoordinatorWaterRoundtable(nicole@allianceforwaterstewardship.org).In2015minorupdatesweremadebyRichardRobertson,TechnicalManager,AllianceforWaterStewardship(richard@allianceforwaterstewardship.org).
1.0Scope
ThestandardaddressedinthisreportistheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0.
ThisStandardisalsoreferredtoasthe“AWSStandard”orinafewinstancesas“IWSS”.
Rationale(Whyisthestandardneeded?–justification)Growingpopulationsandeconomies,changinglifestyles,andglobalclimatechangeareallincreasingthepressureontheplanet’swaterresources.Peopleandnaturealikearethreatenedbyalackofresponsiblewatermanagement.
Theworld’swaterusers,fromagriculture,energyandindustrytocitiesandcitizens,recognizetheacuteneedtomanagemoresustainablythewaterresourcesonwhichtheydepend.Inpartsoftheworld,waterscarcityisthreateningsocial,environmentalandeconomichealth.By2030,47percentoftheworld’spopulationwillbelivinginareasofhighwaterstress.1Decision-makingprocessesaroundwater-relatedpolicyareleavingmillionswithoutaccesstosafewaterandsanitation.Atthesametime,theviabilityofbusinessoperationsandeconomicactivityisthreatened.Shareholders,governmentsandconsumersareincreasinglydemandingthatcompaniesusenaturalresourcesinwaysthatareenvironmentallyandsociallysustainable.Waterusersalsoarerealizingthatimprovingwaterqualityandreducingwaterconsumptioncanresultinsignificantsavingsandincreasedprofits.
Ourglobalizedworlddemandsaninternationalapproachtowaterthatcanbeappliedconsistentlyacrossregionsandsectors,yetrecognizesthelocalnatureofwater.Toaddressthemajorwaterchallengesinasustainableway,collectiveapproaches,throughwhichwaterusersworktogethertoidentifycommongoalsforsustainablewatermanagement,mustbedeveloped.AWSStandard,page4:(http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
1 United Nations (2012) World Water Development Report. Available online (April 2014): http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr
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TheAWSdecidedtodevelopastandardbecausewaterisaresourcethathasisincreasinglyundergreaterpressure.Whileregulatoryapproachesareakeyaspectofwatermanagement,increasinglythereistherecognitionthatvoluntaryapproachestowaterstewardshiphaveanimportantroletoplayinmeetinglocal,nationalandinternationalgoals(e.g.,MillenniumDevelopmentGoals).Furthermore,manyexistingvoluntarystandardshavebeencommodity-basedandfocusedonthe“fencelineimpacts”ofwaterstewardship.Whathasbeenlackingisariskresponsestrategythataddressesthecumulativeimpactsofwateruse,andengagesallofthevariousstakeholdersattherelevantwatershedscale.TheAWShassetforthtobuildsuchaninternationalwaterstewardshipstandardandanassociatedwaterstewardshipprogram.WRTProcessDocument,pages3,10-16:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
AWSStandardObjectives(5.1.1and6.1.1baseline)TheAWSStandardisintendedtodrivewaterstewardship,whichisdefinedastheuseofwaterthatissociallyequitable,environmentallysustainableandeconomicallybeneficial,achievedthroughastakeholder-inclusiveprocessthatinvolvessite-andcatchment-basedactions.Goodwaterstewardsunderstandtheirownwateruse,catchmentcontextandsharedconcernsintermsofwatergovernance,waterbalance,waterqualityandImportantWater-RelatedAreas,thenengageinmeaningfulindividualandcollectiveactionsthatbenefitpeopleandnature
Sociallyequitablewateruserecognizesandfulfillsthehumanrighttosafewaterandsanitationandhelpsensurehumanwell-beingandequity;
Environmentallysustainablewaterusemaintainsorimprovesbiodiversityandecologicalandhydrologicalprocessesatthecatchmentlevel;
Economicallybeneficialwaterusecontributestolong-termsustainableeconomicgrowth,developmentandpovertyalleviationforwaterusers,localcommunitiesandsocietyatlarge
(http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard,AWSStandard,page4)
AWSStandardSustainabilityOutcomesTheAWSStandardisthecornerstoneofalargerAWSSystemdesignedtoprimarilyaddresssustainabilityofwaterresourcesasindicatedbythefourdesiredoutcomesofwaterstewardship(goodwatergovernance,sustainablewaterbalance,goodwaterqualitystatus,andhealthystatusofimportantwater-relatedareas).AchievementofthesefourdesiredoutcomesthroughimplementationoftheAWSStandardaddressanumberofthesustainabilityissuesISEALoutlinesinthecodeofgoodpractice.InthetablebelowwehavenotediftheAWSStandardaddressestheissuedirectlyorindirectlythroughthelargerAWSsystem.
Social AWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0
1a GenderRightsAccesstoopportunitiesandempowermentofgirlsandwomen,aswellasthereductionofdiscriminationandinequalitiesbasedongender
Indirect.ThroughAWSsystem.
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*denotesadditionalISEAL-relatedsustainabilityissues
TermsofReference(ToR)(5.5.1baseline)TheAWSStandardwasdevelopedthroughastandard-settingprocessknownastheAWSWaterRoundtable(WRT).TheWRTwasguidedbyamulti-stakeholderdevelopedWRTProcessDocument,finalizedinApril2011.Withinthisdocument,theWRTTermsofReferenceare
1b CulturalRightsIndigenousandminorityrightsandempowerment,includingrespectforself-determination,intellectualproperty,benefitsharingandreligioustolerance
Direct.OneoftheStandard’sfouroutcomesisthehealthystatusofImportantWater-RelatedAreas(“whenthespecific,environmentally,socially,culturally,oreconomicallywater-relatedareasofacatchment,whichprovideimportantcontributionstohumanwellbeing,areinahealthystate”).TheStandardalsorequiresStakeholderengagementatavarietyoflevels.
1c SocialServicesAccesstoeducation,healthcare,cleanwater,foodsecurityandhousing
Direct.WASHrequirementsinStandard(coreandadvancedcriteria)Indirect.ThroughAWSsystem,e.g.thecontributionofwatersupplytosustainablefoodsystems
Environmental
2a WaterMarineandfreshwaterconservationandquality,includingprotectionfrompollution
Direct.EntireAWSStandardconcernsfreshwatersustainability.
2b SoilMaintenanceoforganicmatterandbiologicalactivity,includingpreventionoferosionandpollution
Indirect.Whilenotarequirement,pilottestshavedemonstratedthecontributionofwaterstewardshiptosoilmoistureconservationandresultanterosionprevention.
2c Biodiversityconservationatthegenetic,speciesandecosystemslevels
Direct.EntireAWSStandard.
2d EnergyEfficientenergyuse,includingreductionintotaluseandincreaseduseofrenewableenergy
Indirect.
2e CarbonMitigationandsequestrationofgreenhousegasemissionsandincreasedresilienceandadaptationcapacityofpeople,theirlivelihoodsandecosystemstoclimatechange
Direct.ClimateadaptationconsiderationsarerequiredintheStandard.
2f NaturalResourcesEfficientmanagementofnaturalresourcesfromproductiontopost-consumption,includingintegrityofecosystemservices,sustainablelevelsofharvestingandextractionandreductionandeffectivemanagementofwaste
Direct.EntireAWSStandard.
Economic
3a EnterpriseResilienceAssuranceofself-relianceandabilitytocounterriskthrougheconomicdiversification,accesstofinanceandincreasedproductivityandquality
Direct.EntireAWSStandard
3b ValueChainsFairnessandresponsibilitytowardallactorsinavaluechain,includingequitabletradingrelationships
Indirect.
Capacity* 4a Buildcapacitytoundertakeimplementation(caninclude
necessaryhuman,financialandinfrastructureresources)andsupportnecessarycapacityexternally.
Direct.StandardandSystem.
Disclosure** 5a Buildtrustamongstinternalandexternalstakeholders,as
akeycomponentforworkingtogethertotacklethesharedchallengesfacingsustainabilityissues(maybeinterpreteddifferentlyandcouldunderminethebasicobjectiveofawareness,education,andtrust)
Direct.StandardandSystem
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expresslywrittentoensurethattheStandardmeettheneedsoftheprogramandareendorsedbythestakeholderswhoareexpectedtobeaffectedbyandbenefitfromtheprogram’suptake.
Additionally,thereisaToRfortheISDC(thedecisionmakingbodyoftheWRT),thatoutlinestheISDC’sroleindevelopinganddeliveringtheStandard.
• WRTProcessDocument-WRTToRpages58-62http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
• AWSInternationalStandardDevelopmentCommitteeToRhttp://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS_ISDC-Terms_of_Reference.pdf
Listofapprovedstandards(5.10.1baseline)AspertheprocessoutlineintheWaterRoundtableProcessDocument,theAWSBoarddeterminedthattheISDCmettheirtermsofreferenceindevelopingtheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardandacceptedthefinalversioninApril2014.
• ApprovedApril2014:AWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
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2.0StakeholderEngagementStakeholderengagementisakeyaspectofsuccessfulwaterstewardshipanditwasanimportantaspectoftheWRTaswell.TheAWSWRTwasdesignedtoengagemultiplestakeholderstobuildconsensusaboutwhichimpactstoaddress,howtoaddressthem,andtowhatlevels.WhiletheISDCwillrepresentarangeofstakeholdergroupsandperspectives(includingbusinesses,waterserviceproviders,publicsectoragencies,andcivilsocietyorganizations),theAWSwishestomakeitclearthatanyonecanparticipateintheAWSWRTprocess.Ifkeystakeholdergroupsarenotwell-representedintheAWSWRT,theAWSwillproactivelyencourageparticipationfromthosegroups.
Ultimately,AWSrecognizesthattheWRTisunlikelytocompletelyfulfileverystakeholder’sexpectations.However,itmustensurethatabroadarrayofperspectivescontributedtothedevelopmentoftheStandard.Inmanyways,theISDC’sroleistolistenanddigestthefeedbackgivenbymanyanddistilthatfeedbackintoastandardthatmeetstheultimateaimsofwaterstewardship:toreducecumulativeimpactsatthewatershedlevelandensurethatwateruseissociallybeneficial,environmentallyresponsibleandeconomicallysustainable.
Detailsforhowstakeholdersweretobemapped,engaged,andconsultedwereincludedintheAWSWRTProcessDocumentpages30-31,50-52:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
StakeholderMapping–5.3.1baseline,5.3.2improvementAWSmappeditsstakeholdersinFall2011.Weidentifiedstakeholdersacrossthreebroadgroupsofbusinessandwaterserviceproviders,civilsocietyandpublicsectoragencies:
1. BusinessesandwaterserviceprovidersareanticipatedtobethemainimplementersoftheAWSStandard,andthereforearekeystakeholders.SupportfromthisgroupiscriticalsincetheirvoluntaryimplementationoftheStandardwilldictatetheuptakeoftheprogram.Businesseswillgainvaluebyreducingtheirwater-relatedbusinessrisksandaccessingnewopportunities.ForallIWSSusers,theGlobalIndustryClassificationStandard(GICS)2willbeusedtodetermineappropriateinclusion,andallfor-profitentities,aswellasanypubliclycontrolledentitiesrunasbusinesses(i.e.,publicwaterserviceproviders)willbeplacedinthisgroup.Thisstakeholdergroupcapturesbusinessinterests,alongwithfarmers,tradeassociations,andotherdirectimplementersoftheIWSS.
2. Giventhatwaterisapublicresource,itiscriticalthatpublicsectoragencieshaveasignificanthandindevelopingtheAWSStandard,whichmustcomplementregulatoryapproaches.Theachievementofwatershedlevelgoalsiscriticallydependentonpublicsectorengagement,andontheenablingenvironmentthatthoseorganizationsaimtocreate.Ofparticularnotearelandandwatermanagers(e.g.,protectedareamanagers)whoplayakeyroleinmaintaininghighqualitywatersuppliestoomanytownsandcities(andtoindustrieslocateddownstream).Allgovernment-relatedentitiesnotrepresentedinthebusinessandwaterserviceproviderstakeholdergroupwillfallinthisgroup,including,for
2 See www.mscibarra.com/products/indices/gics/.
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example,intergovernmentalagencies,riverbasincommissions,multilateralagencies,UNorganizationsandlocalauthorities.
3. Civilsocietyorganizationshavelongadvocatedforsocial,cultural,healthandenvironmentalimpacts,andareacriticalvoicetoincludeinsuchaprocess.ItisthroughcivilsocietyendorsementoftheAWSStandardandoutcomesthatthesystemwillachievecredibilitywiththepublicinrelationtoitssocialandenvironmentalclaims.Tobeincludedinthisstakeholdergroup,anentitymustbenon-profit(charity)anditsmissionmustencompassasocialorenvironmentalmandate.Thisstakeholdergroupwillalsoincludecommunity-basedgroups,indigenousgroupsandwomen’srightsgroups.
Further,thesegroupswerebrokendownintosectorsnotedintheAWSStakeholderSectorOutlinebelow.ThosehighlightedinbluerepresenthighprioritystakeholderswithdetailsandrationalesoutlinedinAppendixA.
AWSStakeholderSectorOutline
HighprioritygroupsOtherprioritygroups
Businesses and Water Service Providers
Agriculture (including horticulture, livestock and ranching, and aquaculture) Mining (and metals manufacturing) Forestry (and paper and forest products) Packaged Foods and Meats Chemicals Beverage Oil, Gas and Consumable Fuels Manufacturing (other) IT/Tech Retail (grocery and apparel) Tourism Health Care Financial Institutions (non-public sector agencies) Building and Business Services Private and Public Water Supply and Sanitation Utilities Private and Public Hydropower and Energy Utilities Regional and Basin Water Management (private)
Public Sector Agencies
Regional and Basin Water Management (public) National Government Water Agencies Multilateral Organizations Government Funders Multilateral Banks Academia and Public Research Institutions
Civil Society Organizations
Social, Humanitarian, and Health (human-based) NGOs Environmental (nature-based) NGOs Indigenous Groups Existing Commodity Standard Social Enterprises (e.g., ISEAL members.) Foundations Certification Organizations (such as ISEAL)
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• Individualstakeholdersinthesegroupsareidentifiedbyoneormoreofthefollowingcharacteristics:
o Thosewithanexplicitinterestinwaterstewardship,orwaterresource-relatedissues
o Thosethatmayfaceacutebusinessriskfromeithertheiraccesstooraffiliationwithpoor-qualityfreshwaterresources
o Thosethathavebeenorrepresentthosethathavebeenhistoricallymarginalizedfrominclusioninwaterresourceplanningand/ormanagement
o Thosewhoseprimaryobjectivesoverlapwithwaterstewardship,i.e.commoditystandards,reportinginitiatives,wateraccountingmethodologiesetc.
• Wemappedindividualstakeholders’characteristicstoshowtheirstakeholdergroup,geographicpresence,primarytypeofinteractionwithwater,potentialexposuretowaterrisk,abilitytoinfluencechangeinternallyandexternally,andwillingnesstoengage
• Onceweanalysedthestakeholdersbasedonthisoutline,wecreatedaninternaloutreachstrategyandaccordinglycontactedstakeholderseitherthroughexistingcontactsorthroughsecondaryconnectionsviaemail.Theywereinvitedtoparticipateinavarietyofwebinars,in-personregionalmeetings,commentperiods,andselectedfocusgroups.
• StakeholderswereencouragedtoparticipateinpubliccommentperiodsthroughannouncementsintheAWSandpartnernewsletters,websitesandlist-serves.Simpleonlinecommentforms(surveymonkeyforallroundsoffeedback)werecreatedthatallowedforanonymousparticipationandemailedresponseswereacceptedaswell.ArchivedcallsforparticipationcanbefoundintheAWSnewslettershere:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/news.html
• CommentswerethensynthesizedintothematicareasandgiventotheISDCforconsideration.FullcommentswerealsoprovidedtotheISDC.
Publicsummary–Whatinformationisprovidedtostakeholdersaboutthestandardsdevelopmentprocess(5.2.1baseline)
PreliminaryinformationonhowstakeholderscouldparticipateintheWaterRoundtablewasprovidedtothepublicatthebeginningofthestandardssettingprocess.Astimelinesbecamemoresolid,theseamendmentswerepresentedtothepublicthroughtheAWSnewsletter,websiteandthroughconcertedoutreachefforts(mostlypersonalizedemailsorthrougheventpresentations).
• AWSWaterRoundtableProcessDocumentpages30-34and50-52.http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
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Publicsummary-forrecentorcurrentstandardsdevelopmentactivity(5.2.1baseline)
AWSusestheAWSwebsite,newslettersandlist-servestodisseminateinformationonrecentstandardsdevelopmentactivity,includinghowtoparticipateanditemswherestakeholderfeedbackwouldbemostwelcome.
• PublicreportsoftheISDCdiscussionsandnextstepshavebeenmadepublicontheAWSwebsiteandasummaryaresentoutonourbimonthlynewsletters.Theyarearchivedonourwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/news.html
• PublicsummariesfromtheWRTpublicconsultations(includingthematictopicsandISDCresponses)canbefoundontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable
Complaintsresolutionmechanism(4.4.1baseline)Allcomments(includingcomplaints)werebroughttotheISDCasoutlinedintheWRTProcessDocument.LingeringcomplaintsoftheprocessweretobebroughttotheAWSBoardforresolution.WRTProcessDocumentpages30-34,42http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
TheAWSComments,ComplaintsandAppealsProcedureisindraftformandsubmittedwiththisdocumentforfeedbackfromISEAL,priortoAWSBoardapproval.
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3.0StandardsDevelopmentStandard-Settingprocedures(4.2.1baseline)AnAWSStandardDevelopmentProcedureisindraftandsubmittedatthisstageforcomment,priortotheapprovaloftheAWSBoardlaterthisyear.Thisdocumentwillguideallfuturestandardsdevelopment,reviewandrevisionprocesses.
TheAWSoutlinedthestandard-settingprocedureintheWRTProcessDocumentandpostedonlineherehttp://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf.Thisdocumentincludesinformationonstakeholderidentification,ISDCformulation,decisionmakingprocesses,approval,andsystemprocesses.
TheoverallWRTproceduresareillustratedinthefollowingdiagram:
WRTdecisionmakingprocess(5.9.1baseline)The AWS Standard Development Procedure is in draft and submitted at this stage for comment, prior to the approval of the AWS Board later this year.WithintheWaterRoundtableprocess,thekeydecisionpointsandthoseresponsibleare:• AWS-developstheWRTProcessDocument• AWS-developstheToRfortheWRTandfortheISDC• AWS-determinestheISDCmembersthroughapublicallyvettednominationprocess• ISDC-acceptsToRforWRTandISDC• ISDC-developsdraftstandardsthatmettheToRsandincorporatepublicandfield-level
feedback• AWSandISDC-collaboratetoensureToRswillbemet• ISDC-finalizestheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0• AWS-determinesifISDCmettheToRs• AWS-ifToRsmet,acceptstheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0
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• AWS-releasestheAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0forfullimplementation
ThisrelationshipbetweentheAWSandISDCisoutlinedinSection3oftheWRTProcessDocument,page32http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf• DecisionmakingwithintheISDCisdrivenbyconsensusandisoutlinedintheISDCToR,page
4:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS_ISDC-Terms_of_Reference.pdf
• DecisionmakingwithinthelargerWRTprocessisalsodrivenbyconsensus(asitrelatesto
theISDC)withcomplaintmechanismsoutlinedintheWRTProcessDocument,page42:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
Howbalanceofinterestsismaintainedinconsultationandindecision-making(5.5.1baseline)
Ensuringabalanceofinterestsinconsultationandindecision-makingwasextremelyimportanttoAWS.
IndecisionmakingTheInternationalStandardDevelopmentCommitteewascomprisedof15individualsrepresentingthethreestakeholdergroupsandeightgeographicregions.Thedivisionoftheseregionswasbaseduponanaverageofthreefactors:population(toreflectsocialconsiderations),grossdomesticproduct(economicconsiderations)andarea(environmentalconsiderations).
The15individuals(5individualsfromeachstakeholdergroup,with1-3fromeachregion)controlledwhatwasacceptedandrejectedintheAWSStandard.ThevariabilityinnumberofindividualsfromanygivenregionexiststoallowforsomeflexibilityinfillingthepositionsontheISDC.
Thefinal,publicallyvetted,ISDCmembersoftheWaterRoundtableareoutlinedinthetablebelow“MatrixofISDCMembers”.EachISDCmemberhasexpertiseinoneormorehighprioritystakeholdersubsectors(seeAppendixA)andinoneormorestakeholdergroups.
IfatanytimeanISDCmemberorstakeholderindicatedtheWRTshouldhavemoreengagementwithaparticularstakeholdergroup,aconcertedeffortandnewengagementstrategywasemployed.ThiscameintoplaywhenstakeholdersindicatedtheirconcernthatWASH(water,sanitationandhygiene)issuesmaynotbeappropriatelyincorporatedintothefinalStandard.Afterthisissuewasraised,theAWSorganizedawebinarseriesforWASHprofessionalstogiveinput,highlighteditasaprioritytorecordlearninginBetatests,andsoughtinputfromleadorganizationsinWASH.
ThisstructurehelpstoensureabalanceofinterestsamongstthevariousgroupsinvolvedinthecreationoftheIWSS.
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• MoreinformationisavailableintheWRTProcessDocument,pages35-43:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
• MoreinformationoneachISDCmemberisavailableontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable
MatrixofISDCmembers: BWSP CSO PSA
Africa
PeterCookey(EarthWatchResearchInstitute,Nigeria)
GerphasOpondo(AfricanNetworkforEnvironmentalComplianceandEnforcement,Kenya)
AsiaPacific
JohnLangford(UniversityofMelbourne,Uniwater,Australia),MatildaPark(NationalInstituteforDisasterPrevention,SouthKorea)
Centraland
WesternAsia
ImaneAbdelAl(AssociationoftheFriendsofIbrahimAbdelAl,AFIAL,Lebanon)
Europe
MarcoMensink(ConfederationofEuropeanPaperIndustries,CEPI,Belgium);CarloGalli(Nestle,Switzerland)
LeshaWitmer(WomenforWaterPartnership,Netherlands)
Latin
Americaand
Caribbean
MaureenBallesteroVargas(GlobalWaterPartnership,CostaRica)
AxelDourojeanni(FundacionChile,Chile)
NorthAmerica
EdPinero(VeoliaWaterNorthAmerica,USA)PeterRuffier(CleanWaterServices,USA)
NorthernAsia
HaoXin(GreenZhejian/HangzhouEco-CultureAssociation,China)
SouthAsia
SanjibBezbaroa(ITCCorporation,India)
ShahidAhmad(PakistanAgriculturalResearchCouncil,Pakistan)
BLUEdenotesfemale,GREENdenotesmale
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InpublicconsultationStepsinthepublicconsultationprocess(5.6.1,5.7.1,5.8.1baseline)
StepsinthepublicconsultationprocesswerelaidoutinWRTProcessDocumentandanyamendmentswerecommunicatedontheAWSwebsiteandinnewsletters.Thetablebelowtitled“InternationalMajorMilestones”outlinesthemajormilestonesintheAWSStandarddevelopmentprocess.
• Thosethatfeaturedstrongpublicconsultationarebolded.
Inadditiontothesemilestones,AWSorganizedorparticipatedinover50stakeholderengagementinternationalandregionaleventsbetween2011and2013.Keyregionalpublicconsultationsareorganizedbyregionbelowinthetabletitled“RegionalStakeholderEngagementSummary”.Withintheseinteractions,aconcertedeffortwasmadetoengageavarietyofregionsandprioritysectors.
• TheoriginalprocessoutlineforpublicconsultationintheWRTcanbefoundintheWaterRoundtableProcessDocument,page33:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
Internationalmajormilestones:Date Event
June2010FirstRoundtablemeeting-Brussels,Belgium–85internationalparticipants
January–February2011 PublicConsultation–45day-WRTProcessDocument
February–April2011 ISDCnominationperiod
April2011 PublicConsultation-15day-ISDCmembernominees
April2011 ISDCmembersfinalized
April2011 WRTProcessDocumentFinalized
June2011 1stISDCmeeting,Colombo,SriLanka
October2011 2ndISDCmeeting,Milwaukee,USA
January2012 3rdISDCmeeting,Melbourne,Australia
March2012 FirstDraftIWSSreleased
March-July2012 FirstPublicCommentPeriod-90day-FirstDraftIWSS
May2012 Stakeholderengagementwebinarseries
June2012 4thISDCmeeting,MexicoCity,Mexico
Formermembers: MaJun(InstituteofPublicandEnvironmentalAffairs,China,CSO)
ChaudhryRiazAhmadKhan(MinistryofEnvironment,Pakistan,PSA)
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August2012DesktopstudiesofFirstDraftIWSSinNorthAmerica,LAC,NorthAsiaandAsiaPacific
October2012 5thISDCmeeting,Dubai,UAE
February2013 6thISDCmeeting,Brussels,Belgium
March2013 BetaIWSSreleased
March–December2013
SecondPublicCommentPeriod–9month-BetaIWSS
March-December2013 BetaIWSStests-12sitesin4regions
October-December2013
Stakeholderengagementwebinarseries
February2014 7thISDCmeeting,Paris,France
March2014 AWSdeterminesWRTandISDCTermsofReferencehavebeenmet
April2014 FinalAWSStandardreleasedforimplementation
Regionalstakeholderengagementsummary
Africa-StakeholderengagementinAfricawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-oneoutreachandthroughtheAWSBetatestsinSouthAfrica.Eventsincluded:
• December2011–Presentationandstakeholderfeedback,LakeNaivashaWorkshop,Kenya
• November2012–Presentationandstakeholderfeedback,SouthAfrica
• May2013-Stakeholderworkshop,CollectiveActionConference,DaresSalaam,Tanzania
• June2013-February2014–StakeholderengagementaspartofBetatestinginSouthAfrica.Reportsforthcoming
• 2013–KeyBetatestsite
AsiaPacific-StakeholderengagementinAsiaPacificwasprimarilyorganizedbyaregionalpartnerandAWSBoardOrganizationbasedinAustralia:WaterStewardshipAustralia(http://waterstewardship.org.au/about-wsa/history/forpastpublicconsultations,tests,anddesktopreviewsofdraftstandardsinAustralia).
• February2012–Stakeholderworkshop,inconjunctionwithWRTISDCmeeting,Melbourne,Australia
• April2012–Presentationandfeedbackfromstakeholders,Jakarta,Indonesia
• 2013–DraftStandardtestedatDairyinMurray-DarlingBasin,Australiahttp://waterstewardship.org.au/wp-content/uploads/Tatura-Milk-Field-Trial-Final-Report.pdf
• March2013-Stakeholderworkshop,AsiaWaterWeek,Manila,Philippines
• September2013-Stakeholderworkshop,InternationalRiversSymposium,Brisbane,
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Australia
CentralandWesternAsia-StakeholderengagementinCentral/WesternAisawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-oneoutreach.
• October2012–Initialstakeholderfeedbackinconcertwiththe5thISDCmeeting,Dubai,UAE
Europe-StakeholderengagementinEuropewasprimarilyorganizedbyregionalpartnerandAWSBoardOrganizationbasedinEurope:EuropeanWaterPartnership(http://www.ewp.eu/activities/ews/stewardship/our-journe/forpastpublicconsultationsonwaterstewardshipinEurope)
• June2010-FirstRoundtablemeeting-Brussels,Belgium
• October2012–StakeholderengagementsidemeetingatINBO,Istanbul,Turkey
LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean-AWShadseveralstakeholderparticipationeventsinLACregion.TheywerecoordinatedbyAWSRegionalInitiativeAWS-LACandincluded:
• May2011–AWS-RegionalInitiativeforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(AWS-LAC)Stakehlderworkshop,SanJose,CostaRica
• June2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,Chile
• July2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,Santiago,MexicoCity,Mexico
• August2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,Cuenca,Ecuador
• November2011–AWS-LACStakeholderworkshop,SaoPaolo,Brazil
• November2011-AWS-LAC,2ndAWS-LACRegionalForum,Monterrey,Mexico
• June2012–AWS-LAC,3rdRegionalForum,Medellin,Colombia
• June2012-Presentationandfeedbackfromstakeholders,CorporateSustainabilityForum,Rio+20,Brazil
• June2012–Stakeholderpresentationandfeedbackinconjuntionwith4thISDCmeeting,MexicoCity,Mexico
• March2013-Stakeholderworkshop,LatinAmericaWaterWeek,VinadelMar,Chile
• 2013–KeyBetatestsite
NorthAmerica-AWShadseveralstakeholderparticipationeventsintheNorthAmericanregion.TheywerecoordinatedbyAWSRegionalInitative,AWS-NARI,andincluded:
• October2011–1stAWSNorthAmericaPublicMeeting,Milwaukee,Wisconsin
• May2012–2ndAWSNorthAmericaPublicMeeting,Washington,DC
• June2012–Publicmeeting,Toronto,Ontario
• October2012-AWSPartnerForum,Milwaukee,WI,USA
• 2013–MultipleKeyBetatestsites
NorthAsia-StakeholderengagementinNorthAisawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-one
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outreachandthroughAWSBetatestinginChina.Additionaleventsincluded:
• April2011–WaterStewardshipDialogue,Corporatesub-forumandwaterstewardshiproundtableatthe4thYangtzeForum,Nanjing,China
• January2012-WaterStewardshipDialogue,stakeholderworkshop,Beijing,China
• 2013–KeyBetatestsite
SouthAsia–StakeholderengagementinSouthAisawasprimarilyaproductofconcertedone-to-oneoutreachandthroughAWSBetatestinginIndia.Eventsincluded:
• October2012-Stakeholderworkshop,Delhi,India
• December2013-Stakeholderworkshop,Delhi,India
• 2013–KeyBetatestsite
Howcommentsaretakenintoaccount(5.8.1baseline)CommentsreceivedfromtheFirstDraftIWSSandBetaIWSSpublicconsultationswerecollectedandconsolidatedforconsiderationbytheISDCatfacetofaceandtelephonicmeetings.CommentswerepresentedtotheISDCintheirentirety(anonymizedwhererequested)andalsosummarizedintothematicareas.TheISDCwasalsoabletoreceivedirectfeedbackfromthoseengagedindesktoptestsandBetatestsatISDCmeetings.TheISDC’sresponsestothecommentsareapparentinthechangestoeachversionoftheAWSStandard-theywererecordedbyissueareaandpresentedonline.
Thisprocessisillustratedbythefollowingdiagram:
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Synopsisofhowcommentsweretakenintoaccount(5.8.2baseline)Foreachpublicconsultationperiod,theISDChassynthesizedcommentsintothematicissuesandprovidedresponsesbasedonthosethematicissues.Belowasynopsisofpublicconsultationparticipation,commentthematicissuesandISDCresponseshavebeenprovidedforbothconsultationperiods.
FurtherinformationregardingpublicconsultationisavailableintheWRTProcessDocumentpage51:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
Firstpublicconsultationperiodstakeholderbreakdown-FirstDraftIWSSSummaryandFullversionsoftheFirstDraftIWSSisavailableontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable• Feedback400stakeholdersin26countries(including200fromAWS-LAC'sRegionalForum
participantsand130fromAWS-NA'sregionalstakeholdermeetings)
o 40%fromtheBusinessandWaterServiceProviders
o 38%fromCivilSociety
o 22%fromPublicSectorAgencies
• 67uniquecommentsubmissions(detailsintablesbelow)
SectorBreakdown RegionalBreakdownBusiness/WSP 31 Africa 2CivilSociety 26 AsiaPacific 6PublicSector 8 CentralandWesternAsia 1Sizeoforganization EU 22Small 25 LAC 3Medium 14 NorthAmerica 23Large 26 NorthAsia 7 SouthAsia 1GroupedSubSectors SubmissionsNGO-Conservation,Environmental 12ForestProducts,PulpandPaper 9Agriculture,Horticulture,Irrigation,Food 8Academia,Research,Consulting 5Finance,Economics,Investors,Disclosure 5Industry,technology,chemical,plastics 5PSA-Environmental 5Beverage 4Certification,Standards,Auditors 4NGO-Industry 4Individual 2MiningandMetals 2Energy 1PSA-Aid 1
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FeedbackRegardingFirstDraft
The stakeholder feedbackgathered fromMarch to June,2012 indicated somegeneral themesincluding the need to simplify the Standard, clarify various terms and concepts, and provideadditionaldetails.Notably therewasadesire to furtherclarify issuessuchas importantwaterareas,areaof influence,promotersand implementers,and the requirementsbyvarious levels(i.e., core,gold,platinum).Moststakeholders feltmeeting theStandardwouldbechallenging,butthatitdidoffervalue,especiallyifsupportedbyastrategytoincentivizeanddriveuptake.
ISDCResponsetofirstpublicconsultationcommentsontheFirstDraftIWSS
SincethisfeedbackwasdiscussedinJune2012,theISDCprovidedsixshortresponsestoseveralofthekeyissuesraisedbystakeholders.TheISDChasalsoworkedtore-shapethestructureandcontentoftheStandardintoitsBetaStandardformat.TheStandardisnowbasedaround6stepswithfewercriteria(42downto33)tohelpsimplifyandstreamlinethelogicoftheStandard.Thenew format, which links to a plan-do-check-act cycle (and therefore can be integrated intoexistingenvironmentalmanagementsystems).
Secondpublicconsultationperiodstakeholderbreakdown:-BetaIWSSSummaryandFullversionsoftheBetaIWSSisavailableontheAWSwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/about-aws.html#water-roundtable
ThepublicconsultationperiodontheBetaStandardgenerated:
• 50participantsinfoursubject-ledteleconferences(IWRAs,StakeholderEngagement,Boundaries,WASH)
• About200individualsengagedinregionalstakeholderworkshops• TwelveBetatestsitesin4regionsprovidedfeedbackfromon-the-groundimplementation.
o 32%fromtheBusinessandWaterServiceProviders
o 42%fromCivilSociety
o 26%fromPublicSectorAgencies
• 33uniquecommentsubmissions(detailsintablesbelow)
SectorBreakdown RegionalBreakdownBusiness/WSP 9 Africa 0CivilSociety 21 AsiaPacific 1PublicSector 3 CentralandWesternAsia 0Sizeoforganization EU 4Small 9 LAC 5Medium 5 NorthAmerica 21Large 17 NorthAsia 1Other 2 SouthAsia 0
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GroupedSubSectors SubmissionsNGO-Conservation,Environmental 5(consolidated-multisubmissions,same
organization)ForestProducts,PulpandPaper 3Agriculture,Horticulture,Irrigation,Food 3Academia,Research,Consulting 2Finance,Economics,Investors,Disclosure 5Industry,technology,chemical,plastics 2Retail 1Beverage 2Water/waterserviceprovider 2Public/privatepartnerships 2Individual 1MiningandMetals 1Energy 1NGO-other 1
FeedbackRegardingBetaIWSS1.VERIFICATION&IMPLEMENTATION• Concernsaboutvaryingauditorinterpretation• Concernsaroundcostofcertification• Concernsaroundpreviousdatagatheringandprovisionofcomplianceinformation• Needforstreamliningtoreduceburden/fatigueofreporting/standards• Concernsaroundcostofimplementationandimprovement• Concernsovertheamountofdatacollectionrequired• Concernsaboutdisproportionateburdenforthefirstmoverinawatershed• Concernsthatitisskewedforimplementationbylargecorporates
2.CLARITY&INTERPRETATION• Concernsoverboundaryandscopedetermination• ConcernsoverIWRAdefinitionsanddeterminations• GeneralneedtoensurethatitisclearthattheStandardshouldencouragecollaborationandnot
driveduplicationoftheroleofthepublicsector.
3.GAPS• ConcernsonthelimitedWASHandHumanRighttoWaterinclusion• Concernsontheamountandrigorofstakeholderengagement,moreguidanceisneededon
appropriateformsofengagementandexpectations.• Wouldlikemoreexamplesandguidanceingeneral;build-outofguidance• Handlingofinfrastructure• Needformoreexplicitbenefits(e.g.,financial)orriskmitigationevidencetomotivateuptake
4.LINKAGESTOOTHERINITIATIVES• Howwillother,related,effortstobeincluded/rewardedwithintheStandard?• Concernsaboutinteroperability/overlapwithotherstandardsandpublicsectorwaterefforts
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5.STRUCTURE• Likethestreamlinedversion(structure)
ISDCResponsetosecondpublicconsultationcommentsontheBetaStandard
Mostsubstantivechanges:
• Changeswerenotasbigastheversion1tobeta.Revisingastandardthathasstrongacceptancealready.
• StakeholderengagementwasemphasizedthroughouttheStandard
• Importanceofsupporting(andnotduplicatingtheroleof)publicsectoragencies,policiesandgoalswasemphasizedthroughouttheStandard
• Step1wasmodifiedregardingwhosignscommitmentandcontentsofcommitment
• Step2wasre-workedinlightofstakeholdersconcernswithgreateremphasisonbenefitsandamorerobusthandlingofrisksandsharedwaterchallenges
• Indirectwaterusewasextendedtoincludeoutsourcingofwateruse
• Criterion3.2wasmodifiedtomoreexplicitlyconnectitwithothercriteriaintheStandard
• Anon-siteWater,SanitationandHygiene(WASH)criterionwasaddedtothecorerequirements
• Clarificationaroundseveralareasandtermsincluding:performance,sphereofinfluence,catchment,importantwaterrelatedareas,indirectwateruse,disclosure,stakeholderengagement
• Additionalattentiontohealth,sanitation,infrastructureisinandriskmanagement
• TheISDCrecognizestheStandardcouldbestreamlinedinthefuture,butthegrouphasconsensusonthisversionwhichwillbereleasedinApril.
• Severalchangestoadvanced-levelcriteria(additions,deletions,modifications)tocreategreaterconsistencyandreflectstakeholderinput/suggestions.
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4.0StructureoftheAWSStandardThissectionoutlinesthekeycomponentsoftheapprovedAWSInternationalWaterStewardshipStandardv1.0.
• Informationinsection4ofthisreportcanbefoundinAWSStandardv1.0pages6-12.http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
TheoryofChangeUnderlyingtheStandard
TheStandardisbaseduponalogicalsequenceofhowwaterstewardshipcanbedrivenfromsite-levelactionstoresultincatchment-levelimpacts.Thisso-calledTheoryofChange(ToC)isillustratedbelow:
The AWS Standard Theory of Change
ThisToCshowsasub-sectofalargerToCthatappliestothelargerAWSSystem.ThehigherlevelAWSToCiscurrentlybeingrefinedaspartofAWS’sMonitoringandEvaluationSystemforImpact.
StructureoftheStandardandPerformanceLevelTheStandardisorganizedaroundsixsteps,eachofwhichcontainsasetofcriteriawrittentocontributetotheultimatesetofwaterstewardshipoutcomes.Eachcriterionalsohascorrespondingindicatorsthathelpverifythatthesiteisadequatelyfulfillingeachcriterion.Thesixstepsarealsosupportedbytwokeyappendices:
1) AppendixA–GlossaryofTerms:AglossaryofkeytermsintendedtoclarifyterminologyasusedbyandunderstoodintheStandard.
2) AppendixB–AWSStandardGuidance:Organizedbystepandcriterion,theguidanceisanintegralpartoftheStandardandisintendedtoprovidegreaterclarificationanddetailabouthowthecriteriashouldbeinterpretedandimplementedandtheintentofthestep.Theguidanceisalsohelpfulforprovidingrecommendedsourcesofinformationandexamplesofpractices.
TheStandardisintendedtoencouragecontinualimprovementanddoesnotneedtobeimplementedbeginningatStep1andproceedingthroughStep6.Rather,itshouldbe
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implementedassuitableforthesite’spurposesandmayindeedrequireadaptive,iterativeandnon-sequentialuseofthestepsandcriteria.
TheStandard’sstructureallowsforincreasinglevelsofperformanceinwaterstewardship,whicharerecognizedbyCore,GoldandPlatinumlevels.AttheCorelevel,allcriteriaarerequired.Attheadvancedlevels,criteriahavepointsattachedtothem,whichreflectboththedegreeofeffortrequiredandtheanticipatedimpact.TheaggregationofpointsresultsinGold-orPlatinum-levelperformance.Itisimportanttonotethathigherlevelswillalsorequirecompliancewithallcorecriteriaplusaselectnumberofpointsfromtheoptionalcriteria(seefigurebelow).MoredetailsmaybefoundintheforthcomingAWSVerificationSystem.
PointsandLevelswithintheAWSStandard
Asnotedearlier,theStandardhasthreeachievementlevels:Core,GoldandPlatinum.TheCoreAWSlevelisachievedbyconformingwithallofthecorecriteriaandupto40points,whileAWSGoldrequires40-79pointsandAWSPlatinumrequires80+points.Thereareatotalof155pointsavailablethroughouttheentireAWSStandard.
Level ConformitywithCoreCriteria
CumulativeAdvanced-LevelCriteriaPoints
AWSCore Required 0-39AWSGold Required 40-79
AWSPlatinum Required 80+
Criteria,IndicatorsandCertificationTheStandardisrootedincriteriaandindicators.ThevariouscriteriareflectactionsthatasitemustundertakeifitistoberecognizedasaresponsiblewaterstewardundertheAWSStandardsystem.Theindicators,inturn,provideevidenceofconformanceagainstanygivencriterion.Ultimately,conformancewiththecriteriaandindicatorsprovidesthebasisforcertification.ForfulldetailsontheAWSCertificationScheme,pleasevisittheAWSwebsite:www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org.
TheAWSStandard’sstepsandcontinualimprovement
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SustainabilityOutcomesofWaterStewardshipTheStandardprovidesaconsistentglobalframeworkforsitestoundertakeresponsiblewaterstewardshipinamannerthatistransparentandstakeholder-inclusive.Specifically,theStandardisdesignedtoachievefourwaterstewardshipoutcomes:(1)goodwatergovernance,(2)sustainablewaterbalance,(3)goodwaterqualitystatusand(4)healthystatusofImportantWater-RelatedAreas.Acrosstheseoutcomes,higherlevelsofperformance(AWSGoldandAWSPlatinum)showthatthesiteisachievingbestpracticeresultsanddemonstratingleadershipwithinitsindustryandcatchment.
Itisimportanttonotethatthesefouroutcomesaremostsustainablewhenachievedcollectively.Thesiteisexpectedtocontributetotheseoutcomesviaacombinationofon-sitemanagementandcollectiveactionwithothers.
Outcomesarenotintendedtobeauditableperse;rather,theyarebroad,basicandfundamentalprinciplesofwaterstewardship.
1)GoodwatergovernanceThestatewhenthepolitical,social,economicandadministrativesystemsthatareinplace,whichdirectlyorindirectlyaffecttheuse,developmentandmanagementofwaterresourcesandthedeliveryofwaterservicesatalllevelsofsociety,promotestakeholderparticipation,transparency,accountability,ruleoflaw,andequityinamannerthatiseffective,efficientandenduring,andleadstothedesiredstateofthewaterresource(s).
Thisoutcomeaddressesbothsiteandcatchmentaspectsofwatergovernance.SitewatergovernancerelatestotheproceduresandrulesestablishedwhenimplementingtheStandard,respectinglocalcustomaryrightsandcomplyingwiththeapplicableregulatoryframeworks.Theapplicableregulatoryframeworksmayincludeinternationalagreements,laws,regulations,permits,licenses,plansandpoliciesthatdeterminehowwaterisgovernedandmustbemanagedbythesiteandmayincludepolicyinstrumentsatvariouslevels,fromlocaltoglobal,asappropriate.Catchmentgovernancerelatestotheformaland/orinformalmechanismsinplacetoensurethatwaterismanagedequitablyasaresourceforalluserswithinthecatchment.Alltheseelementscanbereferredtocollectively,inthecontextoftheStandard,asthe“goodwatergovernancerequirements.”Thisoutcomealsoencouragesengagementandcollaborationwithauthoritiestostrengthenandstreamlineapplicableregulatoryframeworksandtofacilitateadequateenforcement.Lastly,governancealsolinkstoengagingothersonthesubjectsofaccesstosafedrinkingwater,sanitationandhygiene(WASH),reasonableuse,anddoing“noharm”.Goodwatergovernancehelpssitestomitigatetheirwaterrisksandplaysanimportantroleinaddressingsharedwaterchallengesthroughcollectiveactionandinclusivestakeholderinvolvement.
2)SustainablewaterbalanceThestatewhentheamountandtimingofwateruse,includingwhetherthevolumeswithdrawn,consumed,divertedandreturnedatthesiteandinthecatchmentaresustainablerelativetorenewablewatersuppliesandaremaintainingenvironmentalflowregimesandrenewableaquiferlevels.
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Thisoutcomehelpsensurethatwaterusesarecompatiblewithnaturallyoccurringvolumesthroughthemitigationofphysicalwaterriskandadverseimpactsonwateravailability.Ofparticularnotewithsustainablewaterbalanceisthatboththetimingoftheflowsandvolumesoftheflowsarebalancedintermsofincomingandoutgoingwaters.Sustainabilityisdeterminedbythelong-termabilityofthesystemtomeettheallofthewaterneedsofusersinthecatchment,includingecosystems,bearinginmindclimaticshifts.
3)GoodwaterqualitystatusThestatewhenthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertiesofwater,includingwhetherwaterqualityatthesiteandwithinthecatchment(s)meetslocal(and,whereapplicable,international)regulatoryrequirementsandisfitfortherequirementsoftherangeofbioticspeciespresentandforanyhumanneedorpurpose.
Thisoutcomehelpsensurethatwaterqualityissufficienttosupportallusesthroughthemitigationofphysicalwaterriskandreductionofadverseimpactsofpoorwaterqualityintermsoftheimpactontheeconomic,environmentalandsocialbenefitsderivedfromtheuseofwater.Assessmentofquality(i.e.,‘good’)istypicallybasedontheextentofdeviationfromreferenceconditions.‘Goodstatus’means‘slight’deviation,‘moderatestatus’means‘moderate’deviation,andsoon.4)HealthystatusofImportantWater-RelatedAreas
Thestatewhenthespecific,environmentally,socially,culturally,oreconomicallywater-relatedareasofacatchment,whichcontributedisproportionatelytohumanwellbeing,areinahealthystate.
Thisoutcomeaddressesthespecificwater-relatedareasofacatchmentthat,ifimpairedorlost,wouldadverselyimpacttheenvironmental,social,culturaloreconomicbenefitsderivedfromthecatchmentinasignificantordisproportionatemannerandwhetherthoseareasareinastateofgoodhealth.Theseareas,whichtypicallyprovideimportantattributestowaterquantity,qualityanduses,atthesiteandwithinthecatchment(s)canincludethewaterbodyaswellastheadjacentlandfeaturestiedtothewater,suchasfloodplains,delta/wetlandareas,andaquiferrechargeordischargezones.Alsoincludedareareasofimportanceforreligious,spiritual,socialorculturalpurposes,sourcesofdrinkingwaterandareasthatprovideotherimportantecosystemservices.AchievingthisoutcomerestoresorprotectstheseImportantWater-RelatedAreasandaddressesallaspectsofwaterriskandtheadverseimpactsonareaswithculturalandecologicalimportance.Assessmentofthehealthofsuchanarea(i.e.,‘healthy’)istypicallybasedontheextentofdeviationfromreferenceconditions.‘Goodstatus’means‘slight’deviation,‘moderatestatus’means‘moderate’deviation,andsoon.
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AWSStandardatthelocallevel-(6.5.1baseline)(6.4.1improvement)• WhiletheAWSStandardisgloballyapplicable,itisdesignedtobeimplementedatthesite
level.
• TheworkingassumptionisthattheStandardcanbeimplementedbyallentitiesinallsectors(publicandprivate)anywhereintheworld.
• ThisStandardappliestoanysitethatinteractswithwater(i.e.,uses,consumes,withdraws,sources,treats,supplies,divertsordischargeswaterintowaterbodies).TheStandardisintendedtoapplytoalltypesofwater.Thisincludesthefollowing:freshwater,effluent(contaminated)water,recycledwater,saltwateraffectedbyfreshwater(includingbrackishwateranddesalination),drinkingwater,groundwater(includingrenewableaquifers,waterinthevadoseandhyporheiczones,anddeeper,so-calledfossilwater),waterintheatmosphere(includingprecipitation),andsolidformsofwater(snow,ice,glaciers,etc.).
• Thesite-levelfocusisintendedtokeepeffortsmanageable.Itallowsforimpactstobetracedbacktoactions.However,waterstewardshipiscentredontherecognitionthatwaterisasharedresourceandrequirescollaborativesolutions.Therefore,theStandardrequiresthesitetoworkbeyonditsboundariesthroughengagementwithstakeholdersandwithinthecatchment(Figurebelow).
• Itisimportanttostressthatwaterstewardshipisintendedtosupportandcontributetocatchmentmanagement,notreplacesuchefforts.Forasite,answeringthequestion,“Howfardoesmystewardshipresponsibilityreach?”iscriticalandisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,includingwhereasitedrawsitswaterfrom,howlargethesiteis(bothintermsofwateruseandotherresources)anditscatchmentcontext(e.g.,thenumberofstakeholders,catchmentsize,surroundingsocio-economiccharacteristics).
Figure: Scope – the site and its catchment
Thesite(F)maybedrawingfromserviceprovider(H),whoisdrawingfromareservoir(I);returningflowtoanearbystream,therebyaffectingdownstreamwaterqualityandquantityfor(B)and(A);andrelyingonawetlandpurificationservices(E)(=anImportantWater-RelatedArea).Theupstreamforest’s(G)erosioncontrolmaybeimportanttothecatchmentmanagementagency(i.e.,watergovernance).Thesiteneedstotakeactionswithinthesiteandactuponprioritizedsharedwaterchallengeswithinthecatchment(e.g.,pollutionfromJ)tomitigateitswaterrisksandcreatesharedvalue.
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Diagramofstructureofstandard(s)(6.2.1baseline)Thisdiagramshowsthe6stepsandcorrespondingcriteria(bothcoreandadvanced)oftheAWSStandard.FullAWSStandardv1.0availablefordownload:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
AWSCoreCriteria AWSAdvanced-LevelCriteriaSTEP1 1.1Establishaleadershipcommitment 1.3Committootherwater-relatedinitiatives
1.2Developawaterstewardshippolicy STEP2 2.1Definethephysicalscope 2.10Identifycatchment-wideissuesleadingtoimpairedwater
stewardshipoutcomes 2.2Definethesocio-economicscope 2.11Gatheradvanceddataforcriteria2.1-2.8
2.3Understandlegalandregulatoryrequirements 2.12Conductadvancedindirectwateruseevaluation
2.4Determinethesite’sandcatchment’swaterbalance 2.13Measureadditionalcontextindicators
2.5Determinesite’sandsources’waterqualitystatus 2.14Determineyourabilitytocontributetoe-flows
2.6Identifythesite’sandcatchment’sIWRAsanddescribetheirstatus 2.14Determineyourabilitytocontributetoe-flows
2.7Begintounderstandyourindirectwateruse 2.16Gatherinformationonfuturescenarios
2.8Identifycatchmentplan
2.9Analyzedatatounderstandimpactsandrisks STEP3 3.1Ensureasystemforlegalcompliance 3.4Setecologically-driventargets
3.2Createasitewaterstewardshipplan 3.5Setstakeholder-driventargets
3.3Notifycatchmentauthorityofyourplans 3.6PlanforadaptationandresilienceSTEP4 4.1Complywithlegalandregulatoryrequirements 4.7Achievestrongresultsonsitewaterbalance
4.2Maintainorimprovesitewaterbalance 4.8Achievestrongperformanceonsitewaterquality
4.3Maintainorimprovesitewaterquality 4.9RestorelostIWRAsatyoursite
4.4MaintainorimprovethestatusofIWRAslocatedatthesite
4.10Supportstrengthenedwaterstewardshipgovernanceandcapacity
4.5Participateincatchmentgovernance 4.11Contributetoindustrywater-relatedbenchmarking
4.6Driveimprovedindirectwaterusewithinyourcatchment 4.12Re-allocatesavedwater
4.13Engageincollectiveaction
4.14Drivereducedindirectwaterusethroughoutyoursupplychain
4.15Supportwaterstewardshipactionswithinyoursphereofinfluence
4.16ProtectIWRAsinyourcatchmentSTEP5
5.1Evaluateperformanceandcontextinlightofwaterstewardshipplan 5.5Conductboardlevelreviewofwaterstewardshipefforts
5.2Evaluateemergencyincidents 5.6Evaluatestakeholderperformance
5.3Consultstakeholdersonperformance
5.4Updatewaterstewardshipplan STEP6 6.1Disclosewater-relatedinternalgovernance 6.6Contributetorecognizeddisclosureframeworks
6.2Discloseannualwaterstewardshipplan 6.7Implementaprogramforwatereducation
6.3Disclosewater-relatedopportunities,risksandmitigationefforts
6.4Disclosecompliance
6.5Increaseawarenessofwaterissueswithinyoursite
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Processforlocaladaptationorinterpretationofthestandard(6.5.1baseline)
TheAWSStandardwasdesignedtobeappliedinalllocationswithoutmodificationtotheStandard’ssteps,criteriaorindicators.Theguidance,however,isintendedtoprovidemorenuancedinformationtofacilitateimplementationatboththesite(withinaspecificcatchment)andsectorlevels.GuidanceintheAWSStandardcanbefoundonpages41-167:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
• LocaladaptationoftheformalAWSStandard’ssteps,criteriaandindicatorsisnotanticipated.
• Iflocaladaptationorinterpretationisdeterminednecessary,theprocesstodosowillbedeterminedbytheGeneralAssemblyandBoardofAWSinthecomingyears.
• AWS’soperationalmodelprioritizesregionalpartnersaspointsofengagement.TheregionalpartnerswilloverseedevelopmentoflocalguidancematerialandensuringAWSsupportservices(e.g.training)arecontext-relevant.
• AWSanticipateslocalizedorregionalizedimplementationandauditguidancetosupplementwhatisalreadyprovided.
• Similarto,butdistinctfrom,adaptationisoureffortsinequivalency.InEurope,AWSisworkingwithitsEuropeanPartner(EuropeanWaterPartnership)tofinalizeanequivalencyarrangementbetweentheAWSStandardandtheEurope-specificEWSStandard(http://www.ewp.eu/activities/ews/certification/).TheEWSStandardwasdevelopedayearpriortothefinalizationoftheAWSStandardandcloselyfollowstheEuropeanWaterFrameworkDirective-thelargestregulatoryframeworkforwatermanagementinEurope.
o Thisprocesswillnotedandposted,withpublicconsultationifnecessary.o Thisprocessmaybereplicatedasnecessaryifsimilarsituationsariseinthefuture.
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5.0StandardsReviewandRevisionAnAWSStandardDevelopmentProcedureisindraftandsubmittedatthisstageforcomment,priortotheapprovaloftheAWSBoardlaterthisyear.ThisincludesprovisionfortheReviewandrevisionoftheStandardandrelateddocuments.
LaunchedinApril2014,theAWSStandardwillberevisedonathree-yearbasistoensurethatitcontinuestoreflectstakeholderperspectivesandthebestglobalthinkingandpracticesinwaterstewardship.AWSStandardpage5:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
Howthestandardismadeavailable(5.10.1baseline)• TheStandardisavailableinEnglishandSpanish(additionallanguagesforthcoming),infullor
abbreviatedandsummarizedstyles,allfordownloadathttp://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard.
• Hardcopiesmadeavailableuponrequest.
Howstakeholderscanprovideongoinginputonthestandard(5.11.1baseline)• Stakeholderinputisalwaysacceptedandisencouraged.Contactinformationisprovided
here:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
• AWSiscurrentlyintransitiontoanewgovernanceandmembershipstructure.
o TheprocessforreviewoftheStandardsandcontactinformationforthenewprocessareexpectedinearly2016.
• Therevisionprocessdetailswillbedevelopedandmadepublicin2016ontheAWSWaterwebsite:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/
Extentofengagementwithoverlappingstandardssystemstoimproveconsistencyofstandards(6.6.1baseline)
• Giventhenatureofwater,theAWSStandardoverlapswithmanyotherstandardssystems.We’vedoneseveralstudies,oneofwhichwasincludedintheWRTProcessDocumentAppendixC,page53:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/assets/documents/AWS-WRT_Process.pdf
• AWShassincecompletedmorein-depthanalysisoftheoverlapsandhaveverygoodrelationshipswithotherstandardssystems.NowthattheAWSWaterRoundtablehascompletedtheAWSStandardv1.0,attentioncanbespentonimprovingtheconsistencywithotherstandards.
• BeforethecompletionoftheAWSStandard,AWSworkedtoimproveconsistencybyactivelyengaginginother’spubliccommentperiods,multi-stakeholderinitiatives(likeISEAL)andhaskick-startedthenextphasebysigningMOUswithothersystems(i.e.EWSdiscussedonpage28)toexploreequivalencyorotherconsistencyefforts.
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• TheAWSStandardalsooverlapswithnon-standards-settinginitiatives.TheStandardoverlapswithboththeCDPandGRIreportinginitiatives.DetailsaregiveninAppendixCoftheAWSStandard,pages168-184:http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/become-a-water-steward.html#aws-standard
AppendixA:StakeholderSub-GroupMapping
HighPriorityStakeholderGroups
Groupdescription Rationale
CivilSocietyOrgan
izations
Standardsgroups
Our"standardsgroups"stakeholdergroupreferstostandardsorganizations,standardsbodies,standardsdevelopingorganizationsorstandardssettingorganizationswhoseprimaryactivityistodevelop,coordinate,promulgate,revise,amend,reissue,interpret,orotherwiseproducetechnicalstandardsthatareintendedtoaddresstheneedsofsomerelativelywidebaseofaffectedadopters-inthiscase,bothdirectandindirectwaterusers.Inthiscasetheyarevoluntarystandardsorganizations.
Whileexistingstandardsmayhaveawatercomponent,theyarealmostexclusivelyfocusedoncommodityproductionoratthesite/facilitylevelonly.AWSbelievesthatwaterstewardshipshouldbeaddressedatthebasinlevelandaddressingcumulativenegativeimpactsshouldbeintegratedintoanywatercomponenttostandards.Becausemanystandardsincludewater,itiswisetostrengthentheirwatercomponentsorworktowardsmutualrecognition.
Indigenousgroups
Indigenousgroupsrefertoorganizedgroupsrepresentingindigenouspeoples(politicallyreferredtoasthoseethnicgroupsthathavehistoricaltiestogroupsthatexistedinaterritorypriortotheformationofanationstateandwhichnormallypreserveadegreeofculturalandpoliticalseparationfromthemainstreamcultureandpoliticalsystemofthenationstatewithintheborderofwhichtheindigenousgroupislocated.)
Indigenousgroupsareinourfirsttierofstakeholdergroupsaswerecognizethefactthatculturalvaluesorclaimsonfreshwaterareoftenoverlookedwhensettingstandardsandengagementearlyonmayleadtosomeinnovativeideasandwillhelpensurethatculturalneedsaremetandthattheirrightsarenotinfringedupon.
Socialhumanitarian
NGOs
AsocialNGOisalegallyconstitutedorganizationthatoperatesindependentlyfromanygovernmentandfocusesonissuespertainingtohumansociety,orthewelfareofhumanbeingsasmembersofsociety.Forexample,families,health,sanitation,politicalissues,education,humanitarian
SocialandHumanitarianNGOswillprovideacriticallymissingpointofviewinthedevelopmentoftheStandard.TheywillalsobekeytogainingaccesstodataforindicatorsBWSPsmaynothaveaccessto.Lastly,theywillhelpensuretheIWSS'swillproducethepositivesocialimpactstheAWShopesfor.
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issuesetc.
EnvironmentalNGOs
AnenvironmentalNGOisalegallyconstitutedorganizationthatoperatesindependentlyfromanygovernmentandfocusesonissuespertainingtotheenvironment.Forexample,conservation,species,biodiversity,sustainability,etc.
EngagementwithenvironmentalNGOswillhelpensuretheIWSS'sbaseinenvironmentalsciencewillproducethepositiveenvironmentalimpactstheAWShopesfor.
Globalassociations
Globalassociationsareorganizationswithmemberslocatedinternationallywithglobalreach.Theycanincludeglobalbusinessassociations(likeWBCSD)orglobalNGOassociations(liketheHCVnetwork)
Globalassociationsofferagoodreturnoninvestmentwherefeedbackwillfilterthroughtheassociationinsteadofrequiringindividualoutreachtomembers.
Businessesa
ndW
aterServiceProvide
rs
Agriculture
Agricultureaccountsforroughly70%ofallwaterconsumedglobally.Tonarrowourfocuswithinrowcrops,we'refocusingonthelargestwaterusersasidentifiedthroughtheWFN.Seebelowformoreinformation.
Rowcropstakeholdermapping-ifweuseWFNcalculations-wheat(15%),Ricepaddy(13%),maize(10%)andfoddercrops(9%)accountfor47%ofglobalrowcropfootprint.Immediatelyfollowingthesefourgroupsissoybean(5%),Sugarcane(4%),SeedCotton(3%),Barley(3%),Sorghum(2%),oilpalm(2%),Coconuts(2%),Millet(2%),Coffeegreen(2%)accountforanadditional25%ofglobalrowcropfootprint.Themajorityofthissecondgroupcorrespondstoexistingproductionstandardsandtheremainderarenottradedgloballybutmaybeimportanttocaloricintakeorlocaleconomies.(Seefigure1ofReport47-WaterFootprintCrops–Volume1fromtheWaterFootprintNetwork).
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Wheat
Wheatisheavilysubsidizedinmanypartsoftheworld.Keyingredientinbread,cerealsandpastaproducts.Byproductsusedasathickenerinmostdriedgoods.
AWSbelievesengagingthewheatsectorwillbemostfruitfulthroughtheendofthesupplychain-throughbrands.Thereisn'tastandardforwheatproductionthathasadequatewaterstewardshipaspects.AWSPartnerorganizationhavealreadybeenapproachedbylargeinternationalstofocusonwheat-specificallyintermsofwaterrisk.WaterFootprint:1087Gm3/yr(70%green,19%blue,11%grey)
Rice,Paddy
Ricegrowninpaddiesisacerealgrainandisanintegralstaplefoodinglobally,butparticularlyinAsiaandtheMiddleEast.Third-highestworldwideproductionaccountingfor13%oftheglobalwaterfootprintforrowcrops.However,onlyabout7%ofriceharvestedistradedinternationally.
TheAWSbelievesengagingwiththeRicestakeholdergroupwillbeprimarilywithinanationalandinternationalaidcontextsandinaccordancetoitsimportancetotheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,ClimateAdaptation,FoodSecurity,waterbornediseases.RiceWaterFootprint:1673Gm3/yr(1146green,341blue,187grey)
Maize
Maize(oftenreferredtoasCorn)isastaplefoodinmanyareasoftheworldandisacommonsourceforbiofuel.Maizeaccountsfor10%oftheglobalwaterfootprintforrowcrops.Itistradedwidelyinavarietyofforms.
AWSbelievesengagingthemaizesupplychainwillbemosteffectivethroughfoodaidorganizationsandbiofuelcompanies(i.e.WorldFoodProgram,ConocoPhillips).Perhapswithlivestockandfeedsectors.WaterFootprint:1222Gm3/yr(947green,81blue,194grey)
Soybeans
Soybeanunderagriculturalrowcropgroupincludesthewholesupplychainfromproductionthroughprocessing,tradersandretailers.
Connectedtoestablishedstandardssystems-RTRSandRBS,primaryfeedcropforlivestock,popularwithinorganicmovement.WaterFootprint:2145Gm3/yr(2037green,70blue,37grey)
SugarCane
Importantrawmaterialforbiofuel,sweetener,beverages,andfoods.
Connectedtoestablishedstandardssystems-Bonsucro,RBS.Primarycropforbeveragesector.WaterFootprint:210Gm3/yr(139green,57blue,13grey)
SeedCotton
Seedcottonfortextileproductionishighlytradedinternationallywithclosetiestowell-recognizedbrands.Cottonmaterialalsousesagreatdealofwaterinthroughoutitslifecycleinwashing.
Connectedtoestablishedstandardssystems-BetterCottonInitiative(BCI),organic.Primaryrawmaterialforapparel.WaterFootprint:4029Gm3/yr(2282green,1306blue,440grey)
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BarleyKeyingredientinbeverages,asastaplecropandinfeed.
Primarycropforalcoholicbeverages.WaterFootprint:1423Gm3/yr(1213green,79blue,131grey)
Sorghum
Sorghumisthe5thmostimportantcerealcropintheworldandisdrought/heattolerant.Usedasanadditivetofood,beveragesandasasourceoffodder/biofuel.ItisproducedintheUS,Mexico,ElSalvador,Columbia,Venezuela,Bolivia,Brazil,Argentina,France,Italy,Egypt,Sudan,Ethiopia,Kenya,Tanzania,Mozambique,SouthAfrica,Rwanda,Burundi,Uganda,Cameroon,Nigeria,Togo,Benin,Ghana,Niger,BurkinaFaso,Mali,Senegal,Yemen,SaudiArabia,Pakistan,India,Thailand,ChinaandAustralia.
WaterFootprint:3048Gm3/yr(103green,87blue,2857grey)
Coconuts
Coconutsheavilyrelyonirrigation.The61milliontonnesproducedayearareprocessedforfood,milk,oil,asfiber,craftsandasfodder/activatedcarbon.Thetop10producersarethePhilippines,Indonesia,India,Brazil,SriLanka,Thailand,Mexico,Vietnam,PapuaNewGuinea,Malaysia,Tanzania
Priorityforamountofwaterneededbutdoesnothavealotoftractionwithintheinternationalmarket.WaterFootprint:2687Gm3/yr(2669green,2blue,16grey)
Millet
Milletisanimportantcerealcrop/grain.Itisusedinfoodandasfodder.Itisextremelyimportantsourceofcalories/foodsecurityandforthosewithglutenallergies.Thetop10producersareIndia,Nigeria,China,BurkinaFaso,Mali,Sudan,Uganda,Chad,andEthiopia.
Becausemilletissowidelyproducedbutnotfortheinternationalmarket,thiscropdoesnotgetalotofattention.Itisapriorityforhumanitarianorganizations,governmentsandthoseworkingtowardsmeetingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.WaterFootprint:4478Gm3/yr(4306green,57blue,115grey)
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Coffee,Green
Coffeestakeholdergroupcoversproductionthroughretail.Coffeeusesgreenandbluewaterforcultivation,bluewaterinprocessing(rinsing,decaffeination,steaming,roasting).Top10producersbyvolumeareBrazil,Vietnam,Colombia,Indonesia,Ethiopia,India,Mexico,Guatemala,Peru,Honduras,Coted'Ivoire,Uganda,CostaRica,Philippines,ElSalvador,Nicaragua,PapuaNewGuinea,Venezuela,Madagascar,Thailand
Coffeehasreceivedplentyofinternationalattentionforproductionandlaborpracticesandisconnectedtoestablishedstandardssystems(RainforestAlliance,UTZ,4Cetc.).Thewateraspectofthestandardsneedstobestrengthenedinordertobemeaningful.Aslabels(fairtrade,etc.)areprevalentinthecoffeeindustry,effortstoimprovethewateraspectshaveahigherchanceofbeingrecognizedandrewardedbyconsumers.WaterFootprint:15897Gm3/yr(15249green,116blue,532grey)
OilPalmFruit
Palmoilisusedascookingfuel,asanadditivesforpackagedfoodandconsumergoods,biofuel/biodiesel,bioplastics,soapandbeautyproducts,detergents,processedfoods.Cultivatedpalmoilrequiresanuninterruptedsupplyofcleanwater,particularlypre-nurseryseedlings.Top2producersareMalaysiaandIndonesia,alsoprevalentinWesternAfrica.Environmentalissuesincludeencroachmentintoprotectedareas,riparianstrips,POME.
Palmhasreceivedplentyofinternationalattentionfornegativeeffectsofinappropriateproductionpracticesandisconnectedtoestablishedstandardssystems(RSPO).Thewateraspectofthestandardsneedstobestrengthenedinordertobemeaningfulatthebasinlevel.AsPalmOilisahottopicinthemediarightnow(Greenpeacecampaigns,RSPOproductonshelves),theremaybemorewillingnesstoadapttheirpracticestoincludegoodwaterstewardship.WaterFootprint:1098Gm3/yr(1057green,0blue,40grey)
Livestock
Thelivestocksectorincludesallanimalprotein(beef,chicken,pork,andgoat)forconsumption,dairyby-productsandhides.
Thelivestocksectorlackssocialandenvironmentalstandardsbutthereareseveralgroupslookingtodevelopthem.Pressurefromgovernments,localcommunitiesandstandardsthatapplytoanimalfeedarealladdedincentivesforthissector.
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Mining
Theminingstakeholdergroupcoversbothmajorsaswellasjuniorminingcompanies.Itdoesnotincludeexplorationanddevelopmentfirms,butwillincludemajorassociationssuchastheInternationalCouncilforMiningandMetals.Particularattentionwillbepaidtothosemetalandmineralcommoditiesthathaveemergentstandardsefforts(aluminum,gold,anddiamonds)aswellasthosethatarewaterintensiveandthoseinprioritywatershedsforpiloting.
Theminingsectorlackssocialandenvironmentalstandardsasawholeandisamajorinfluencerofwaterissuesatthelocallevel(employment,waterqualityissues,touseofhydroelectricpower,communitysanitationprojects,etc.).Miningandmetalcommoditiescanbehighlywaterintensive(seeMudd,2007)andthereforeisconsiderablewaterriskexposuretothissectorthusmakingitsuitabletothirdpartycertificationprograms.
Paper-forests
Thepulp,paperandforestproductsstakeholdergroupcoversthesupplychainfromloggerstopulpandpaperfactories.Itdoesnotcoverthedownstreamretailofpaper/timberproducts.Particularattentionwillbepaidtolargercompaniesandregionalindustryassociationsthathaveengagedinexistingcertificationschemes,aswellasthoseinprioritywatershedsforpiloting.
Notonlyareforestamajorformoflanduseinmanywatershedsaroundtheplanet(especiallyupperwatersheds)andthereforeaffecthydrologicaldynamicsofabasin,butpulpandpaperprocessingisalargewateruser(withpotentialimpactsonbothquantity/timingandquality).Inall,thisstakeholdergroupisamajorinfluencerofwaterissues(employment,waterqualityissues,touseofhydroelectricpower,communitysanitationprojects,etc.).Sometreespeciescanbehighlywaterintensive(seeWFNdata)andthereforeisconsiderablewaterriskexposuretothissectorthusmakingitsuitabletothirdpartycertificationprograms.
Beverage
Thebeveragesectorcoversallformsofbeverage(water,non-alcoholicandalcoholic)andalsoincludesbottlingcompaniesaswell.Itdoesnot(generally)includeretailersbutmaydoinselectcircumstances(e.g.,directsalesfromCokeorPepsi).Particularattentionwillbepaidtothosebeveragecompanieswhohaveheavilyengagedinwaterissues,AWSefforts,andcertificationschemestodate,aswellasthosewithoperationswithinprioritywatersheds
Thebeveragesectorasawholeisamongsttheleadersinthewaterstewardshipspaceandislikelytoprovideasourceofchampionsandbestpractices.Whilenotnecessarilyalargeuserpersewithinawatershedcontext,theyareoftentargetedduetotheirbrandinganddirectassociationwithwaterconsumption.Overall,itfacesconsiderablestakeholder/reputationalrisks,aswellaspotentialphysicalandregulatoryrisksandthereforeishighlysuitabletothirdpartycertificationprograms.
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Foodcompanies
Foodcompaniesincludeprocessors,distributorsand(inselectcases)retailers.Itdoesnotincludefarmersexceptinthecaseswhereoperationsareverticallyintegratedtothislevel.
Foodcompanies,likethoseinthebeveragesector,alsofaceconsiderablerisksfromwater.TheyhaveexhibitedearlyinterestintheStandarditselfandhavebeenkeymarketdriversformanyotherStandards.BothWWFandTNChavewell-establishedrelationshipswithmanyfoodcompaniesthusallowingAWStoleveragethetrustandrelationshipsthathavebeenestablishedtodate.Foodcompaniesarealsokeysupplychainplayersabletopromoteeffortslikestandardsthroughouttheirsupplychain.
FinancialInstitutions
(FI's)
Financialinstitutionsarethoseentitiesthatprovidefinancingtocompaniesthathavewaterrelatedrisksandopportunities.Theyincludebothbanksandinvestmentfunds/companies(e.g.,pensionfunds)andcouldincludeprivateequityfirms,butdonotincludeindividualsasinvestors.
Financialinstitutionshavemuchtogainandlosebygood/poorwaterriskmitigationefforts.Accordingly,itisintheirbestinteresttonotonlyhavegoodpracticesinplace,butbeassuredofgoodpractices(viathirdpartycertification).Inturn,providing(ornotproviding)equityisapowerfulmarketdriverforcompaniestorespondtowaterstewardshipissuesandthustheyrepresentakeystakeholdergrouptoAWS.
Investors
Investorsarethoseentitiesthatprovidefundsforwaterprojectsand/orthosewhosefinancialsupportcanbeaffectedbywaterrisk.
InvestorshavepotentiallymoreleveragethanfinancialinstitutionsintermsofgettingcompaniestousetheStandard.
AllWaterServiceProviders
Waterserviceprovidersarethoseentitiesthatcontrolwaterservicesincludingwaterfiltration/purification,domesticandcommercialwater,andtheassociatedinfrastructure(pumpingstations,wastewatertreatmentplants,etc.).ThecategoryincludesbothprivateandpublicWSPsforthepurposesofthisstakeholdermappingexercise.
Waterserviceprovidersaremajorwateruserswithinvirtuallyallwatershedsonagloballevelandarekeyprovidersofcleanwater.Theirdirectinvolvementinwaterstewardship(aspartoftheirmandate)makesthemprimarystakeholdertotheAWSeffort,whetherprivateorpublic.Inmanycases,theyhavedirectcontroloverwaterquantity,qualityandevenaspectsofwatergovernanceaswell.
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CertificationBodies
Certificationbodiesaretheentitiesthatactuallyassess(audit)performanceagainstastandardandissuetheverification/certification.Thecertificationbodies(orCBs)thatAWSisinterestedinwillbethird-partyaccredited(meaningtheyhaveanindependentpartyperformingqualitycontrolontheircertifications).
Certificationbodiesarekeypartsofthestandardsandcertificationecosystem.Alltoooftentheyhavenotbeenakeystakeholderinthedevelopmentofstandards,buthavetodealwiththeconsequencesofpoorlydevelopedstandards.ToensurethattheAWSStandardiswell-thoughtoutandstraightforwardtoimplement(andverify)ontheground,includingCBsintheStandarddevelopmentprocessiskey.
Hydro
Thehydropowersectorincludescompaniesinvolvedinoperatinghydropowerfacilities.WhilethedesignoffacilitiescouldbelinkedtotheAWSStandard,operatorsaretheprimarytargetinthisgroupduringStandarddevelopmentperiod.Itincludesbothprivateandpublic(state-run)hydropowercompanies.
Hydropoweroperatorssignificantlyaffectwatershedfunction,includingbothqualityandquantity.Theyhaveamajorsayingovernanceissues,andareoftenheavilylinkedtowatershedmanagementasawhole.Becauseoftheirdisproportionatelylargeinfluenceonwaterstewardshipissues,theyareakeystakeholderandkeytargetfortheStandard.
Majorretailers
Retailersarethosecompaniesthatareconsumer-facingsellersofgoods(andtoalesserextentservices).Thegroupisfocusedonlarge(>$1B)retailers,ratherthansmall-to-mediumsizedretailenterprises.
Majorretailershavebeen,perhapsbarconsumersthemselves,oneofthekeyfactorsintheuptakeofsocialandenvironmentalstandardsystems(e.g.,Walmart).Theycontinuetoplayamajorroleinpromotingstandardsandhaveastronginterestinensuringgoodsocialandenvironmentalpracticesbothwithintheirfacilitiesaswellaswithintheirsupplychains.
PublicSectorA
gencies
Regionalmanagers
RegionalmanagersasastakeholdergroupunderpublicsectoragenciesarethosestateagenciesthataremandatedtomanageariverbasinorwatershedforthegovernmentoritscitizensORanorganizationthatmanagesriverbasinorwatershedwithoutdirecttiestothestate-canbemultilateral/multiplestates.Forexample,theMurray-DarlingBasinAuthority,
TheIWSSseekschangeatthebasinlevelandregionalmanagersarethosewiththedataonthehealthofthebasinandthoseproducingwithintheboundaries.However,weacknowledgethatsomebasinsaretoolargeandcrosstoomanystateborders-thereforemultipleregionalmanagersmaybeapproachedononebasin.
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GovernmentAidAgencies
(GAA's)
ThisGovernmentAidAgency(GAA)stakeholdergroupreferstostateorganizedagenciesfocusedonforeignaid,developmentprojectsandfundingrelatedtotheboth.
Governmentaidisthelargestsourceofforeigninvestmentoutsideoftheprivatesectorandthereforeagreatopportunitytoinfluencehowtheproductstheyaidareproducedbuthowtheiraiddollarsarespentinfreshwaterrelatedprojects.
Governmentministries(non-aid)
Governmentministries/agenciesasastakeholdergrouprefersbothtostateorganized(nonaid)entitiesthatfocusonwaterusedirectlyorindirectly.ForexampletheUS'sdepartmentofAgricultureorEgypt’sministryofirrigation(orMinistriesofwater,irrigation,agriculture,etc.)
Theseagencies/ministrieshaveaclosertietowatermanagementandhavegreaterincentivetoimprovestewardship.Theyareidealpartnersforpilotingastheygenerallyhavestatesupportandaccesstoproducers.
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