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Automotive Service Modern Auto Tech Study Guide Chapter 38 Pages 694­723 Hybrid Drive Systems 48 Points

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Híbrido La versión abreviada de vehículo eléctrico híbrido (HEV); Un tipo de vehículo que usa dos tipos de propulsión.

Hybrid abbreviated version of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); a type of vehicle that uses two types of propulsion.

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There are about 1.1 million hybrid vehicles on the road and some experts say that within 5 years, 20­25% of all new car & light truck sales will have

hybrid powertrains.

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Automotive Service 1. A ____________ vehicle uses 2 individual power sources to provide

energy for propulsion.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w20T_7IhHo0

Automotive Service 2. A hybrid ______ ­ _____________ vehicle has an gas internal combustion

engine and an electric drive system combined into one vehicle power train.

Diesel ­ Electric Gas ­ Electric Plug­in

Automotive Service 3. The extremely high _____________ and high ____________ stored and

generated by gas­electric hybrid drive trains are the primary safety concerns when working on these vehicles.

High Voltage & High Current

Automotive Service 4. About 110 years ago (1898) _____________ __________ built a car that used

a small internal combustion engine to spin a large electric generator.

Reprimand Ferdinand On­Demand

Automotive Service 5. The 6 major assemblies working in unison under the computer control to

propel a hybrid vehicle and to operate its electrical accessory systems are:

The high–voltage ________ _____ (many cells wired in series) The ___ ­ _____ (that can change functions between propulsion & generation) The ____ ______ (high voltage electronics to either invert or convert ac & dc) The ______ _____ ___ (an electronic control unit that monitors and controls) ____ _______ (large, insulated conductors, often bright orange in color) The ______ _______ _______ (either gasoline or diesel for highway speeds)

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Automotive Service 6. The gas­electric hybrid uses a conventional ___________ ______________

system to fuel the engine…ICE

Fuel Injection Spark Ignition Compression Ratio

Automotive Service 7. The motor­generator is used to both ____________ the vehicle

and to help ________ the vehicle.

Power & Stop Limit & Advance Afford & Payoff

Automotive Service 8. A vehicle that uses the motor­generator to initially accelerate and only

runs the engine when the battery pack becomes discharged is known as a: [ ] full hybrid [ ] mild hybrid

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Automotive Service 9. A vehicle propelled by its internal combustion engine only and then shuts it

down for coasting, braking, or stopping and then quickly restarts it when the brake pedal is released is a: [ ] full hybrid [ ] mild hybrid

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Automotive Service 10. Mild hybrids often have a ____ or a ____ volt electrical accessory system

for EPS & HVAC. (But also have a standard 12 volt system for lighting & accessories)

6 or 12 36 or 42 90 or 100

Automotive Service 11. When describing or classifying Hybrid Drive Train Configurations:

Have a separate Generator & Traction Motor

[ X ] series [ ] parallel [ ] series­parallel

Motor­Generator cannot simultaneously drive & recharge

[ ] series [ X ] parallel [ ] series­parallel

**Can use any combination of drive & recharge!!

[ ] series [ ] parallel [ X ] series­parallel

Automotive Service Have a separate Generator & Traction Motor

[X] series [ ] parallel [ ] series­parallel

Automotive Service Motor­Generator can’t simultaneously drive the vehicle & recharge the battery pack

[ ] series [X] parallel [ ] series­parallel

Automotive Service Can use any combination of drive & recharge!

[ ] series [ ] parallel [X] series­parallel

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Series Parallel Series­Parallel

Automotive Service A series­parallel hybrid design

allows the vehicle to operate in

electric motor mode only or in

combination with the internal

combustion engine.

Automotive Service A drawing of the power flow in a typical series­hybrid vehicle.

This diagram shows the components included in a typical series­hybrid design. The solid­line arrow indicates the transmission of torque to the drive wheels. The dotted­ line arrows indicate the transmission of electrical current.

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Automotive Service The power flow in a typical parallel­hybrid vehicle.

Automotive Service Diagram showing the components involved in a typical parallel­hybrid vehicle. The solid­line arrows indicate the transmission of torque to the drive wheels, and the dotted­line arrows indicate the flow of electrical current.

BELT ALTERNATOR STARTER SYSTEMS (BAS) Automotive Service

The belt system, called the belt alternator starter (BAS), is the least expensive system that can still claim the vehicle is a hybrid.

For many buyers, cost is a major concern and the BAS system allows certain hybrid features without an entire redesign of the engine and power train. Consumers can upgrade to BAS hybrids at a reasonable cost and will get a 2% to 5% increase in fuel economy, mostly affecting city mileage.

BAS replaces the belt­driven alternator with an electric motor that serves as a generator and motor. When the engine is running the motor, acting as a generator will charge a separate 36­volt battery (42­volt charging voltage).

When the engine needs to be started again after being in idle stop, the BAS motor cranks the engine by taking power from the 36­volt battery pack and applies its torque via the accessory belt

Automotive Service The BAS system is used in the Saturn VUE hybrid SUV.

Automotive Service 12. ________ ­ ____ hybrids can be connected to 120 ­ volt home outlet

to fully recharge the battery pack.

Plug­in Re­fill Up­date

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Automotive Service 12. ________ ­ ____ hybrids can be connected to 120 ­ volt home outlet

to fully recharge the battery pack.

Plug­in Re­fill Up­date

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Automotive Service 13­18. The 6 modes of full hybrid drive system operation are:

All­electric drive mode Motor­assist mode Idle stop mode Regenerative braking mode Engine starting mode Battery pack recharging mode

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Automotive Service 19. __________________ braking uses the kinetic energy of normal stopping to

recharge the high voltage battery pack. NOTE: During quick, hard braking the conventional hydraulic system is used.

Regurgitate Regenerative My Generation

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Automotive Service 20. Hybrids use 2 voltage systems, the high­voltage system for the drive system

and a ___ ­ volt system for the vehicle’s conventional electrical & electronic components – including the computer systems.

6 12 18

Automotive Service 21. The hybrid high­voltage system can range

from ______ to ______ volts ac or dc… That’s deadly!

140 to 650 360 to 420 90 to 100

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Automotive Service 22. High­voltage power cables are large in diameter and easily identified by their

bright _________ color.

Yellow Blue Orange

WARNING: Power remains in the high­voltage electrical system for up to 10 minutes after the HV battery pack is shut off. Never touch, cut, or open any orange high­voltage power cable or high­voltage component without confirming that the high voltage has been completely discharged.

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Jump­Starting The 12­volt auxiliary battery may be jump­ started if the vehicle does not start. The 12­volt auxiliary battery is often located under the hood but can also be located in the cargo area of some HEVs.

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Automotive Service 23­26. The full hybrid motor­generator or “MG” has 4 basic functions:

Helps power the _________ _________ and propel the vehicle __________________ the high­voltage battery pack _____________ the internal combustion engine Helps to _________ and ________ the vehicle

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Ford Escape

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Ford Fusion

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That software challenge has now been conquered, says a Southern California company called Plug In Conversions Corporation (PICC). The company reports it has completed a breakthrough software upgrade that allows its Prius plug­in conversion kit to allow driving up to 70 miles per hour on battery power alone. In the past, PICC says that Toyota programming has limited plug­in conversions to an electric top speed of 34 mph unless the electric motor was forced to run above its recommended speed range, so this is quite the accomplishment. The software upgrade is based on technology developed by Ewert Energy Systems, which has granted PICC exclusive rights for its use in Prius plug­in conversions.

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Automotive Service 27. The “MG” is usually a synchronous ac permanent _________,

brushless motor­generator design.

Magnet Vacation Disability

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Automotive Service 28. A ___________ can step DC voltage either up or down. Converter

Inverter Reverter

Automotive Service 29. An _______________ can either change DC to AC or AC to DC. Converter

Inverter Reverter

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Automotive Service 30. The __________ _____________ is a planetary gearset used to control

the transfer of power through the hybrid drive train. It is computer­controlled.

Automotive Service 30. The __________ _____________ is a planetary gearset used to control

the transfer of power through the hybrid drive train. It is computer­controlled.

Automotive Service 31. For safety against short circuits and electrocution, __________ __________

interrupters, impact sensors or ___________ switches and high voltage fuses are used in hybrid systems.

Ground Fault & Inertia Power Fault & Inertia Nobody’s Fault & Inertia

Automotive Service 32. Hybrid systems can be cooled by ______________ coolant, by blower fan

circulating ________ past the battery pack, and/or by a separate R­134a refrigerant cooling system.

Engine & Air Passenger & Air Refrigerant & Air

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Automotive Service 33. The hybrid power display informs the driver with a ________ ______ light,

a ____________ warning light, a ______________ ________ warning light, and a conventionalMIL.

Drive Ready, Master, Battery Pack

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Automotive Service 34. Besides wearing safety glasses, removing all conductive jewelry, and creating

a high­voltage buffer zone when working on hybrids, OHSA­approved gloves with a _________ volt insulation value must be worn.

250 750 1000

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Automotive Service Use of a warning cover over the steering wheel helps others realize that work is being performed on the high­voltage system and that no one is to attempt to start or move the vehicle.

A lock box is a safe location to keep the ignition keys of a hybrid electric vehicle while it is being serviced. Notice that this lock box has two separate locks so it would require two people to open, helping to insure that no harm is done by accidentally attempting to start a HEV.

Insulated tools, such as this socket set, would provide an additional margin of safety to the service technician when working around high­voltage components and systems.

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GM Future Car By: Dustin Westphal 1­2009

The Power Cell • GM Skateboard car, powered by Hydrogen. . .four wheel drive

electric engines, powered by the electricity produced by the hydrogen fuel cell. water is the only emission.

How it Works

Part Description

Hydrogen Fuel Cell for Power

Hy­Wire • Hy­wire is a descendant of the GM Autonomy released at the

2002 North American International Auto show. The Autonomy is a car which combines a hydrogen fuel cell with drive by wire technology. These technologies in combination allow all the mechanicals of the car to reside as a separate component to the body and passenger space.

• A single docking port provides the electrical connection between the chassis and body. There are 10 pick­up points where the body mounts the chassis. Such few attachments provide maximum flexibility when designing a body.