automotive electronics: a perspective on in-motorcycle and in-car
Post on 12-Sep-2021
3 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Automotive Electronics: a Perspective on In-Motorcycle and In-Car Electronic Systems
F. Baronti, F. Lenzi,R. Roncella, R. Saletti,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’informazione
Università di Pisa, Italy
2
Outline
• The spreading of Automotive Electronics– Background– Application domains
• Current, upcoming and future In-Motorcycle and In-Car Electronics– Analogies and differences
• Hints for in-vehicle electronic system design: our research experience
• Conclusions
3
The Spreading of Electronics
• New requirements need to be addressed:– Safety– Performance and Comfort– Pollution
• Semiconductor technology improvements– Affordability– Reliability
• Replacing mechanics with electronics
4
Application domains
• Body and comfort• Powertrain• Active and passive safety• Security• Infotainment• X-by-wire
Same application domains for both cars and motorcycles
5
In-Motorcycle Electronics
• GPS
• Alarm system
• FM-radio
• Semi-automatic preload adjustment
• Semi-automatic damping coefficient adjustment
State-of-the-art
• Brake pad wear indicator
• Airbag
• Sequential / Automatic gearX-by-wire
• IntercomInfotainment
• ImmobilizerSecurity
• ABS• Tires pressure control• Traction Control
Active & Passive safety
• Engine Control Unit (reconfigurable maps)Powertrain
• Digital commands• Automatic heated-grips• Remote seat-opening
system
Body &Comfort
6
In-Motorcycle Electronics: TodayABS (BMW) Airbag (Honda)
GPS (Kawasaki)Sequential gear (Aprilia)
7
In-Motorcycle Electronics
• Accelerator• Brakes
• Semi-active suspensions
Upcoming & Future
• Adaptive Headlights• Driving Assistance
• Handle-barX-by-wire
• On-board PC-like devicesInfotainment
• Physiological parameters-based alarm systemSecurity
• Wearable airbag• Collision Avoidance
Active & Passive safety
• Electric/Thermal & Electric/Hydrogen Hybrid drive trainPowertrain
• Fully-automatic preload adjustment
• Vocal commands
Body &Comfort
8
In-Motorcycle Electronics: Future
Bombardier EMBRIO 2025
Blue Team DARPA
Personal Air and Land Vehicle
9
In-Car Electronics
• Hybrid Drive Train
• Smart Key• DVD-player• GPS
• Semi-active suspensions
• Electro-chromic rear-view mirrors
State-of-the-art
• Brake pad monitor• Airbags• Tires pressure control• Cruise-control (radar)• Adaptive headlights
• Sequential / Automatic gearX-by-wire
• Intercom• PC-like device interfaceInfotainment
• GPS alarmSecurity
• ABS• Electronic Stability
Program• Traction Control• Parking assistance• Night vision
Active & Passive safety
• Engine Control UnitPowertrain
• iDrive (all-in-one control)• Heated-seats• Electronically adjustable
drive position
Body &Comfort
10
In-Car Electronics: TodayNight Vision (Mercedes) Proximity collision avoidance (Volvo)
Infotainment (Maserati) Rear camera (Audi)
11
In-Car Electronics
• Reconfigurable cockpit
Upcoming & Future
• Collision avoidance
• Autonomous vehicleX-by-wire• PC-like on-board devicesInfotainment• Biometric based alarmSecurity
• Driving assistanceActive & Passive safety
• Plug-in HybridsPowertrain
• Replaceable cabinsBody &Comfort
12
In-Car Electronics: FutureTransition
Stanford Racing Team’sAutonomous Car
Mercedes Silverflow
13
Middle-end Cars Vs High-end Motorcycles
Adjustable Suspensions
Brake-Pad Wear Indicator
Tyre Pressure Indicator
Anti Blocking SystemAirbag
Electronic Stability Program
Adaptive Headlights
Traction ControlGlobal Positioning System
Cars
Intercom
Motorcycles
14
Low-end Cars Vs Low-end Motorcycles
Adjustable Suspensions
Brake-Pad Wear Indicator
Tyre Pressure Indicator
Anti Blocking SystemAirbag
Electronic Stability Program
Adaptive Headlights
Traction ControlGlobal Positioning System
Cars
Intercom
Motorcycles
15
Spreading of electronics
• Difficult in middle and low-end motorcycles• Not for low-end carsBecause of• Production volume
– 1 order of magnitude (in Europe):• 14M cars vs 1.4M motorcycles*
• Costs (percentage weight rises)
*Year 2006, source: UNRAE, ACEM
16
Our research experience • Encouraging the spreading of electronics in middle-
and low-end motorcycles• Valuable examples:
– CAN-based communication infrastructure (1)– Bluetooth-based audio communication unit (2)– Embedded control system for suspension
preload self-tuning (3)– Motorcycle indicator automatic off (4)
17
CAN-based Communication Infrastructure
NODE1 (Front)
NODE2 (Dashboard)
NODE4 (Seat)
CAN BUSFront Lights
External Temperature
Horn
Key Switch
Cooling Fan
Phonic Wheel
User Commands
Digital Display
Analog Instrumentation
Electrical Centerstand
Circuit
Engine Sensors
Back Lights
NODE3 (Back)
18
Bluetooth-based Communication Unit
ACU
UserInterface
Audio Communication Unit
Bluetooth Helmets
•Wireless Intercom•Access to infotainment sources
19
Embedded Control System forSuspension Preload Self-tuning
20
a
b
He
Heh
Hehy
Hehx
Magnetic North
HALLSENSOR
x
y
z
Motorcycle Indicator Automatic Off
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 100 200 300 400
Direction
Magnetic North
Azimuth ADirection
Magnetic North
Azimuth A
21
Design hints• Adopt solutions from the automotive sector
having in mind the unique feature of motorcycles– Motorcycles are open-loop unstable systems!– Reduced budget available for electronics
• Apply a structured design methodology to:– Increase reusability– Shorten development times
22
Challenges to face• Zero ppm defect level after tests
– As a motorcycle rider I would hardly accept a motorcycle breakdown caused by an electronic subsystem failure
• Make technological improvements also available to low-end motorcycles– in particular to motor-scooters which are going
to play a very important role in private transport
23
Conclusions
• State-of-the-art, upcoming, and future in-vehicle electronic systems
• Description of interesting case-studies coming from our research activity in this field
• Discussion of some design hints to manage the spread of electronics in two-wheel world effectively
24
References(1) F. Baronti, et al. “Low-cost CAN-based communication system
for high-end motor-scooter”, SAE paper 2002-01-2154, (2002) (2) R. Roncella, et al. “Wireless Audio Communication Network For
In-Vehicle Access Of Infotainment Services In Motorcycles”, Proc. of the 17th Annual IEEE Int’l Symp. on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (2006)
(3) R. Saletti, et al. “Embedded Electronic Control System for Continuous Self-Tuning of Motorcycle Suspension Preload”, Proc. of the 15th Mediterranean Conf. on Control and Automation” (2007)
(4) F. Lenzi, et al. “Using a Very Low-Cost Hall Sensor for Motorcycle Indicator Automatic Turn-off: an Experimental Study”, to be presented at the next IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symp. (2008)
top related