august 22, 2011 marie walsh, ed. d. literacy specialist
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August 22, 2011Marie Walsh, Ed. D.Literacy Specialist
Why should we provide direct instruction in vocabulary?
• Turn and Talk
• Jot down 3 reasons.• Think.
DO NOW:
Name
C r o s s w o r d
• How do you teach vocabulary?• How do you learn vocabulary?• How were you taught vocabulary?
Guidi
Q u e s t i o n sg
Dat
R e s e a r c h
Region 10 Education Service Center
Why Study Vocabulary?
“It is clear that a large and rich vocabulary is the hallmark of an educated individual.”
Beck & McKeowan, 2002
Region 10 Education Service Center
“There is a strong relationship between vocabulary, intelligence, comprehension and future income.” Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock, 2001
Why Study Vocabulary?
“Vocabulary knowledge is among the best predictors of reading achievement.”
Daneman, 1991
Region 10 Education Service Center
Why Study Vocabulary?
“Reading is the single most important factor in increased word knowledge.”
Anderson & Nagy, 1991; Baumann & Kameenui, 1991
Region 10 Education Service Center
HOW to Learn Vocabulary?
The Power of Minutes
• The average elementary student learns roughly _______words a year. Many of the new words are learned through reading (Nagy, 1988).
• Students who most need vocabulary instruction are frequently those who read the slowest (Fountas and Pinnell, 2001).
• Disadvantaged students who do not perform well in school often have underdeveloped vocabularies (Biemiller and Slonim, 2001).
Region 10 Education Service Center
• The average elementary student learns roughly 3,000 words a year. Many of the new words are learned through reading (Nagy, 1988).
• Students who most need vocabulary instruction are frequently those who read the slowest (Fountas and Pinnell, 2001).
• Disadvantaged students who do not perform well in school often have underdeveloped vocabularies (Biemiller and Slonim, 2001).
Region 10 Education Service Center
Let’s Break it Down
• Elementary children acquire and/or develop about 3,000 new words per year which comes to about 8 words each day.
• Let’s say, an elementary student only acquires 2,000 new words per year. That means . . . by the time they’re in 8th grade, they are behind by 8,000 words which translates to more than two grade levels.
Region 10 Education Service Center
Region 10 Education Service Center
More words read builds a wide vocabulary base
Increased comprehension leadsto wider knowledge-basewhich deepens cognition
Frequent reading buildsconfidence and positivereading self-concept
The Comprehension Cycle for Proficient Readers
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Fewer words read builds a limited vocabulary base
Limited comprehension leadsto limited knowledge
which inhibits cognition
Lack of comprehension causes frustration and
impacts motivation
The Comprehension Cycle for Struggling Readers
And Beyond 12th Grade…
“There is a strong relationship between vocabulary, intelligence, comprehension of new information, and future income.”
Marzano, Pickering, and Pollock, 2001
Region 10 Education Service Center
HOW to Learn Vocabulary?
• What about the dictionary?
• Approximately of sentences students wrote to demonstrate their knowledge of a new word, used the new words incorrectly.
• Dictionaries often use vague language and do not explain how the word is different from other similar words.
(Scott & Nagy 1989, 1997, Vacca & Vacca, 1996)
Students must already have some knowledge of the word for the definition to make sense.
Region 10 Education Service Center
• Approximately 60% of sentences students wrote to demonstrate their knowledge of a new word, used the new words incorrectly.
• Dictionaries often use vague language and do not explain how the word is different from other similar words.
(Scott & Nagy 1989, 1997, Vacca & Vacca, 1996)
Students must already have some knowledge of the word for the definition to make sense.
Region 10 Education Service Center
Turn and Talk
As a reader, what do you do when you come to an unfamiliar word?
Region 10 Education Service Center
Reading PassagePhysics Textbook
“So far, the circuits we have considered include batteries or generators that contribute only their emfs to a circuit. In reality, however, such devices also add some resistance.”
Cutnell and JohnsonPhysics, 5th Edition
Region 10 Education Service Center
Resources to figure out a new word.
• Dictionary
• Glossary
• Context clues
• Ask the expert
• Find pictures
• Look for known roots, prefixes, and suffixes
• Use the index to find where the word is listed and read it in other contexts
Region 10 Education Service Center
Turn and Talk
• Think of a word and its definition that you will NEVER forget.
• What makes that word “stick” in your brain?
• Did you learn your word in school?
• Did you hear, see, or read your word?Region 10 Education Service Center
Value of Kinesthetic Involvement
“The brain literally changes at the chemical level when our mind and/or body experiences something new… When we understand the key role the body plays in learning and encourage our students to explore the possibilities of movement, it can only enhance their learning.”
Alana Morris/Vocabulary Unplugged
Region 10 Education Service Center
• What are other brain based strategies to enhance learning vocabulary? Think, Jot, Turn and Talk
Brain Based Checklist
RelevantSensoryKinestheticSocialNovelConnectedChallengingInquiry BasedEmotional
W o r dalls
1. Word Walls• Be selective (about 5 to 10 a week)• Practice regularly with a variety of review
activities• Handy and easily accessible• Alphabetical
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Fr
S q u a r e sy
M o d e lr
2. Frayer Model
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Definition
(Barton, M.L., Heidema, C., & Jordan, D. 2002)
Visual Representation; characteristics
Examples Personal association or Non-example
Vocabulary Term
Vocabulary Squares
Janet Allen – Inside Words
F AS e m a n t i c
a at lu yr se i
s
3. Semantic Feature Analysis
Janet Allen – Inside Words
TE n t r y
ip
J o u r n a le
4. Triple Entry Journal
Pa
W o r dts
5. Word Parts
“Knowing some common prefixes and suffixes (affixes), base words, and root words can help students learn the meanings of many new words"
(Armbruster, Lehr, & Osborn, 2001).
Region 10 Education Service Center
http://quizlet.com/subject/bio-prefixes/ http://wps.ablongman.com/long_licklider_vocabulary_2/0,6658,283083-,00.html
So
W o r dts
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/sv/books/content/wordsort/?g=6#grade6
6. Word Sorts
6. Word Sorts
Assignment
• Write a lesson plan that incorporates one of the following:– Word Wall – Frayer Model – Vocabulary Squares– Semantic Feature– Triple Entry Journal– Word Parts– Word Sorts
Vocabulary Websites
• http://www.diigo.com/user/walshmc/vocabulary
Region 10 Education Service Center
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