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© MENNO1
MENNO Hygienemanagement
AtAtAtAt firstfirstfirstfirst
disinfectiondisinfectiondisinfectiondisinfection, , , ,
thenthenthenthen
productionproductionproductionproduction!!!!
© MENNO2
Disinfectants – active ingredients in horticulture
compound main indication handicap�Alcohol (e.g. Ethanol 70 %, etc.)
Disinfection of knives by dipping
Only working against bacteria and fungi. No effect against viruses!
�Peroxis and other oxidants (Hydrogen peroxide, Peracetic acid, Potassium permanganate etc.)
Disinfection of hard surfaces, standing areas, equipment, etc.
By conditions of horticulture reduced effectiveness. Reaction with peat and mats by loosing activity. Peracetic acid – Protection of Workers! Intensive specific smell.
�Halogenes(Chlorine-, Iodine- and Bromine-compounds)
Disinfection in hospital Phytotoxicity vapour pase. Plant damages! Under conditions of horticulture reduced effectiveness. Reaction with peat and mats by loosing activity.
�Aldehydes (Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde, Glutaraldehyde etc.)
Disinfection in animal houses Phytotoxicity vapour pase. Plant damages! Protection of Workers! Cancerogenic!
�Quatanery ammonia compounds(Benzalconiumchlorid, Alkyltrimethylam., etc.)
Disinfection in food industry Effective against bactericid and fungicid. Phytotoxicity in contact with plant material.
�Phenols (e.g. 2-Phenylphenol, 4-Chloro-3-phenol)
Disinfection in animal houses and in hospital
Phytotoxicity vapour pase. Plant damages!
�Didecyl-dimethylammoniachloridM&ENNO™ TER forte with registrations
Disinfection in Horticulture for use on hard surfaces, standing areas, pots, knives, equipment, etc.
Effective bactericid, fungicid (includingdurable forms), algicid and herbicid.Phytotoxicity in direct contact with plant material.
�Benzoic-acid MENNO Florades™ with registrations
Disinfection in Horticulture for use on hard surfaces, standing areas, pots, knives, equipment, etc.
Effective against viruses, viroids, bacteria andfungi (including durable forms).Exceptionell good plant tolerance.
© MENNO3
What should be disinfected – How long ?
dip-disinfection� pots, containers,
trays etc.� clay
� polypropylen� polyethylen
� styrofoam
� wood etc.
� tools� knives
� machinery
� pushcarts
� grids� sticks etc..
drench-disinfection� greenhouse structures
� glass� path ways
� metal constructions etc.
� standing grounds� concrete
� irrigation mats
� aluminum
� plastic (sheets, fabric) etc.
special applications� hands, feet etc.� seed, e.g. potato� culturs, mother plants,
young plants
Continouslypreventive and repeated andparticularly after symptoms
Everythingequipment, tyres, glass- and carrierconstructions, watering systems, ventilatiors,...
Completelyall areas and surfaces,...
Thouroughlyavoid dilution by „rest“ water in concrete and mats,...
The exposure time must be longer if adhering dirt, roots and plant remains and that may be contained permanent forms of fungi to be fight. The soaking and penetration of the disinfectant solution takes time!Short exposure times are sufficient for bacteria, vegetative forms of fungi, or viruses in the knife disinfection.
© MENNO4
Activity decreasing factors different for various fields of application
� pathogen (e.g. resting spores)
� min. contact time
� min. exposition time
� min. concentration
� dirt load, algae etc.
� plant rest, e.g. roots
� pH value
� temperature
� water quality
� others
© MENNO5
Cleaning
•Pre-cleansing (dry) - with hoover, shovel, broom, – mechanically cleansing ofsurfaces from plant rests, sand, dust, adheres of earth, etc.•Wet-cleansing with high-pressure machines, but avoiding blow up effectsof dirt rests and their spreading out! Reduced presurized water stream, bigvolumes of water and use of qualified surfactants, consideringsoaking up period.
Before starting any disinfection, all areas and equipmentmust be thoroughly cleaned with pressure, with a lot ofwater and active substances (surfactants) by applying ahigh-pressure machine.The disinfecting efficiency is ensured by a thoroughcleaning, i.e. plant rests obturating surface pores andcapillaries must be removed, to uncover the occlusionsunder the coating, to a very large extent.
The rest coatings, normally hardly water soluble, are partiallydissolved by the lipophile surfactant behaviour, andbecomes water-soluble by the action of the hydrophileportion, and is, then, rinsed off together with the detergentsolution / waste water.
Concret- resp. wooden surfaces with mit poresand capillaries
organi-calcoating
Surfac-tants
Concret- resp. wooden surfaces with mit poresand capillaries
© MENNO6
Cleaning step wise
1. Mechanically pre-cleansing
Taking away removable plant rests
3. Main cleansing
Taking away non removable plant rests,
adhasions, inorganic and organical dirt loads
2. Algicidal / herbicidal treatment
Control of spread out with wash
water or personal later on.
Avoiding
backwater
in mats,
because
of flowobstruction
© MENNO7
Activity decreasing factor - restwater
After cleansing wooden surfaces resp. concrete surfaces must dry of (concrete tillgrey shining).These rough materials contend cleansing- and rainwater.Otherwise, the product-solution will be diluted by this rest-water, or flowes away.
Cleansing water and rest moisture from rainExaminations at rough, untreated wooden boxes:● Water content 8 mass-% after drying● Afterwards dipping of wood pieces into water⇒ Increasing up to 30 mass-% water content
© MENNO8
© MENNO9
Profile of MENNO disinfectants
MENNO® TER forte MENNO Florades®
Active ingredients in 100 gms: 32,5 gms Didecyl-dimethylammoniumchlorido
9,0 gms Benzoic acid
Effectiveness spectrum: bactericid, fungicid, algicid, herbicid (seeds of weed)
bactericid, fungicid, virucid (enveloped/unenveloped)
When to be Applicated(presence of plants and workers)
no gas phase no gas phase
Plant tolerance in case of contactwith the diluted product (leaves)
plant damages* exceptional good plant tolerance *bactericid
Monitoring of active substancein solutions resp. dipping bath
indicatorpaper for measuring theactive substance in %
pH-IndicatorpaperApply: pH 3,0 – 4,5
Disinfection of hard surfaces matting systems, tables, standingareas (concrete surfaces)bactericid, fungicid, algicid
ebb-and-flow benches, mattingsystems, recirculating irrigation, bactericid, fungicid, virucid
Immersion of pots and trays bactericid, fungicid, algicid bactericid, fungicid, virucid
Immersion of cutting-knives bactericid bactericid, virucid
* Please pay attention to the directions for use on the labels and in the leaflets refering to the plant tolerance
© MENNO10
Disinfectants how to evaluate?
1. broad spectrum of
effectiveness
2. applicable
in many fields
3. low phytotoxicity
4. proper human-
and eco-
toxicological values
5. reasonable price
© MENNO11
Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
� Active ingredient in the concentrate: 9 % Benzoic acid⇒⇒⇒⇒ 1 % ige ready solution: 0,09 % Benzoic acid
� Acut toxicity of product concentrate:� acute oral toxicity � „non-toxic“
Rat (24 hours or 14 days): LD50 > 2000 mg/kg
� acute dermal toxicity � „non-toxic“Rat (24 hours or 14 days): LD50 > 2000 mg/kg
� acute dermale irritation � „non-irritating“Rabbit - skin (exposition 4 hours)
� acute Eye irritation � „corrosive“ (R 41 Risk of serious damage to eyes)Rabbit - (0,1 g directly into the conjunctival sac, 24hours exposition)
� Good biological degradability
� Water dangerous classification WGK1
Benzoic acid is for instance allowded as preservative
in food stuffs with 9 g/kg, as e.g. in Sausage and Mayonnaise.
Xi-Irritant
© MENNO12
Tested spectrum of effectiveness - Fungi
Agaricus bisporus*9 Didymella bryoniae*17 Phytium ultimum*10
Alternaria alternata*10 Erysiphe cichoracearum*17 Phytophthora cinnamomi*1
Alternaria solani*10 Fusarium spp.*17 Phytophthora cryptogea*1
Alternaria sp.*1 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cyclaminis*1 /*12
Phytophthora infestans*10/*11
Aspergillus sp.*6 Ramularia beticola*10
Botrytis cinerea*1 Fusarium oxysporum (Stamm Elatiorbegonien) *1
Rhizoctonia solani*10
Candida albicans*13 Rhizopus sp.*6
Cercospora beticola*10 Fusarium solani var. coeruleum*1 Streptomyces scabies *1
Chalara elegans*8 Helminthosporium solani *1/*10/*11 Taphrina deformans *15
Colletotrichum coccodes*10 Mucor sp.*6
Colletotrichum sp.*1 Ophiostoma quercus*1 Thielaviopsis basicola*1
Cylindrocladium scoparium*1 Peronospora tabacina*8 Trichoderma harzianum*9
Cylindrocladium spathiphylli*1 Pythium sp.*6 Trichoderma viride*1
Dactylium dendroides*1 Phythium aphanidermatum*17 Verticillium fungicola*1/*9
Effectiveness tests
against Fungi are
prepared with
vegetative forms and
also against spores
and duration forms
*1 State Research Institute Geisenheim, Special Field: Phytomedicine, D-65366 Geisenheim, Prof. Dr. Wohanka *2 University Hamburg, Institute for applied Botany, D-2000 Hamburg 36, Dr. C. Büttner*3 Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Obst-, Wein- und Gartenbau, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Schweiz*4 Institute for Plantdisease and Plant Protection, University Hannover, D-30419 Hannover, Prof. Dr. Maiß*5 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, D-79085 Freiburg i. Br., Priv. Doz. Dr. C. Büttner*6 Praxisgutachten über den Einsatz ... Florades (.... Einsatz im gärtnerischen Bereich), Dr. M. Wölk, D-56204 Hillscheid*7 HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, Institut für Gartenbauwissenschaften, Fachgebiet: Phytomedizin, Frau Prof. Dr. C. Büttner*8 Landesanstalt für Pflanzenbau Forchheim, Deutschland, Dr. N. Billenkamp*9 Horticultural Research International, Dr. H. Grogan, Wellesbourne, Warwick, England*10 Institut für Pflanzenpathologie und Pflanzenschutz der Universität Göttingen, Dr. M. Benker, D-37077 Göttingen*11 Institut PPO Wagening, Applied Plant Research BV, NL-8200 AK Lelystad, Dr. H.T.A.M. Schepers, Dr. A. Veerman*12 Institut PPO Wagening, Applied Plant Research BV, NL-1431 JV Aalsmer, Dr. A. Hazendonk, Dr. J.P. Wubben*13 Technische Mikrobiologie Dr. J. Höffler GmbH, D-22045 Hamburg*14 Institut für Pflanzenschutzmitte lprüfung, Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungs., Wien, Dr. M. Keck, Dr. P. Fida*15 Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum, Rheinhessen-Nahe-Hunsrück, A. Thomas, Dr. G. Albert*16 Bretagne BiotechnologieVégétal (BBV), E. Pajot, F-29250 St. Pol de Léon, France,*17 Crop Diversification Centre South, Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, Dr. M.W. Harding, Dr. R.J. Howard, Canada*18 Wageningen UR Glastuinbouw, (untersucht MENNO CLEAN correspond M.F.) I. Stijger, R. Hamelink, Wageningen, The Netherlands
© MENNO13
Tested spectrum of effectiveness - Bacterias and Viruses
Viruses / Viroids BacteriasArMV*2 (arabis mosaicnepovirus)
PLCV*2 (pelargonium leafcurl tombusvirus)
Acidovorax avenae ssp. cattleyae*1
Pseudomonas fluorescensmarginaeis *16
BePMV*7 (bell peppermottle virus)
PLPV*2 (pelargonium line pattern virus)
Agrobacteriumtumefaciens*1
Pseudomonas lachrymans
CarMoV*4 (carnation mottle carmovirus)
PMMoV*7 (pepper mild mottle virus)
Clavibacter michiganensisssp. michiganensis*1
Pseudomonas putida
CGMMV*18 (cucumbergreen mottle mosaic virus)
PSTVd*7 (potato spindletuber viroid)
Clavibacter michiganensisssp. sepedonicus*1
Pseudomonassolanacearum*1
CMV*4 (cucumber mosaicvirus)
PVX*4 (potato virus X) Enterococcus faecium*13 Pseudomonas syringaePVY*4 (potato virus Y)
CSVd*7 (chrysanthemum stunt viroid)
RMV*4 (ribgrass mosaic tobamovirus)
Erwinia amylovora*3/*14 Ralstonia solanacearum*1
CyMV*5 (cymbidium mosaic virus)
TBRV*2 (tomato blackringnepovirus)
Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica*1
Staphylococcus aureus*13
MNSV*7 (melon necrotic spot virus)
TMV*2 (tabacco mosaic virus)
Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora*1/*10
Xanthomonas axonopodispv poinsettiicola*1
ORSV*5 (odontoglossumringspot virus)
ToMV*2 (tomato mosaic virus) Escherichia coli*13 Xanthomonas campestrispv. begoniae*1TSV*/ (tobacco streak virus)
PepMV*7 (pepino mosaicvirus)
TSWV*2 (tomato spottedwilt tospovirus)
Proteus mirabilis*13 Xanthomonas campestrispv. campestris*1
PFBV*2 (pelargoniumflower break virus)
ZyMV*7 (zucchini yellow mosaic virus)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa*13
Xanthomonas campestrispv. pelargonii*1
© MENNO14
0
20
40
60
80
100
10
1
0,9
0,1
Myz
elw
ach
stu
m (
%)
Wir
ksto
ffko
nzen
t rat
ion
(ai g
/l )
KontrolleCc 3aCc BBA 62126Cc BBA 70879Hs BBAHs GeisenHs H9-14cHs H9-2aHs H9-5aRs NLRs BBARs Celle
Colletotrichumcoccodes Helminthosporium
solani Rhizoctoniasolani (AG 3)
Examination of effectiveness for MENNO Florades with applicationagainst economical relevant diseases at potatos and sugar-beets
The product MENNO Florades with the active ingredientBenzoic acid was at first for floriculture registered as Special-Disinfectant. In the Potato Production it is allowed amongothers for control of the quarantine diseases Clavibactermichiganensis ssp. sepedonicus and Ralstonia solanacearumfor disinfection of warehouses, boxes as well as equipmentand machines. Because of the fungicid and bactericideffectiveness and additionally the exceptional good planttolerance of MENNO Florades in vitro-tests, trials ofdisinfection and treatments of plants- and crops as well as leafapplications on potato and sugar-beetwas carried out.
Introduction
In vitro
In vitro-tests evaluatingeffectiveness of Benzoic acid onthe Mycel- resp. Germ growth wascarried out with several potato-and sugar-beet-germs. Startingwith a concentration of 0,9 ai g/lactive ingredient (= 1% product)Benzoic acid confirms a very goodmycel- resp. growthinhibition effect(fig. 1 + 2).
Marianne BenkerInstitut für Pflanzenpathologie und Pflanzenschutz,
Grisebachstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen
fig. 1
Control
© MENNO15
0
20
40
60
80
100
3,6 (4%)
1,8 (2%)
0,9 (1%)
0,09 (0,3%)
Myz
el-
bzw
. Kol
oni
ewac
hstu
m (%
)
Wi r
ksto
f fko
n zen
t rat
i on
(ai g
/l)
[Auf
wan
dmen
ge in
%]
Isolate
Kartoffeln
Zuckerrüben
(0,1%)
Kontrolle
Phytophthora infestansAlternaria alternataAlternaria solaniErwinia carotovora (108 cfu/ml)
Cercospora beticola
Rhizoctonia solani (AG 2-2IIIB)Ramularia beticola
Pythium ultimum
fig. 2
Control
Examination of effectiveness for MENNO Florades with applicationagainst economical relevant diseases at potatos and sugar-beets
© MENNO16
Examination of effectiveness for MENNO Florades with applicationagainst economical relevant diseases at potatos and sugar-beets
Phytotoxicity Examinating possibly Phytotoxiciyt Seed- as well as leafapplications on potatos and sugar-beets in highconcentrations was carried out. The Seedtreatment on potato tubers with MENNO Florades before planting makesno Phytotoxicity, but stimulates the growth of the potatoplants (fig. 3).
Behandlung1 2 3 4 5 6
Aufgang in Tagen
0
20
22
24
26
KontrolleKontrolle + H2OPencycuron 2x (1200 ml/t)Mancozeb 2x (4000 g/t)Benzoesäure 2%Benzoesäure 4%
Sorte: Karlena(mit Keimen <5mm)
Benzoic acid 2 %
Benzoic acid 4 %
Control
Control + H2OGrowth in days
Treatment Sort: Karlena(with sprout <5mm)
fig. 3
But: Seed- and Plant treatmentsare not registered until now andare not allowed for use!
© MENNO17
Investigations on virus transmission of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) – Poster 1st of 3
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has been spreading fast in European tomato cultivars within the last two years (JORDA et al., 2000). PepMVwas first reported from Peru in Solanum muricatum (JONES et al., 1980) and in 1999 from tomato in Netherlands (van de VLUGT et al.,2000). Severe yield losses in tomato have been observed repeatedly. The virus is transmissible by vegetative propagation and mechanicallyfor example by contact between infected and healthy plants, or contact of healthy plants with conta-minated hands, clothes or tools.Investigations on transmission of PepMV by seeds were carried out in this study.
Investigations on virus transmission ofPepino mosaic virus (PepMV)
I. Neven, M. Bandte, C. Obermeier and C. Büttner Humboldt-University of Berlin
Institute of Horticultural Science, Dept. PhytomedicineeMail: phytomedizin@agrar.hu-berlin.de
Jones RAC, Koenig R, Lesemann DE, 1980: Pepino mosaic virus, a new potexvirus from pepino. Annals of Applied Biology 94, 61-68.
Jordá C, Lázaro A, Font I, Lacasa A, Guerrero, MM, Cano A, 2000: Nueva enfermeded en el tomate. Phytoma-España 119, 23-28.
van der Vlugt RAA, Stijer CCMM, Verhoeven J, Lesemann DE, 2000: First report of Pepino mosaic virus on tomato. Plant Disease 84, 103.
© MENNO18
Investigations on virus transmission of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) – Poster 2nd of 3
Fig. 3: Negative staining of a PepMV-particle (length ~ 500 nm)
50 PepMV-infected tomato plants (var. Cal-Ace and Peto) were produced by mechanical inoculation of young seedlings. Infected tomatoplants exhibited chlorosis and necrosis; discolouration of fruits was only observed on the cultivar Cal-Ace (Fig. 1). The infection was verifiedby bioassay (Fig. 2), electronmicroscopy (Fig. 3) and ELISA (antibodies obtained from Plant Research International, Wageningen,Netherlands).Tomato plants were dissected into roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits; tomato fruits into fruit pulb, gelantine (columnar epithelium andplacenta), seed coat, endosperm and embryo (Fig. 4). These parts were tested by ELISA. Additionally homogenized plants sections weretested by mechanical inoculation of tobacco plants.The disinfectant MENNO-Florades (Menno-Chemie GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany) was tested to decontaminate PepMV-contaminatedseeds using various concentrations and incubation times.
Fig. 1: PepMV infected tomato left: chlorosis (arrow left) and necrosis (arrow right)right: discolouration of a tomato fruit (cultivar Cal-Ace)
Fig. 2: PepMV-induced symptoms on tobacco indicator plantsleft: Nicotiana benthamianaright: Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun
© MENNO19
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is systemic in tomato plants
PepMV is detectable in single seeds by ELISA
PepMV was found in the fruit pulb as well as in the gelantine (columnar epithelium and placenta) and contaminates the seed coat,
but was not found in the endosperm and embryo
The possibility and efficiency of transmission of PepMV from contaminated seed coats to emerging seedlings needs
to be evaluated further
The infection is systemic in tomato and the virus is readilydetectable by ELISA in all parts of the plant including roots, stems,leaves and flowers. PepMV was consistently detected by ELISA infruit pulb, gelantine and seed coat (Tab. 1). However all testedendosperms and embryos were not contaminated with thepathogen. Transmission of PepMV by contaminated tomato seeds isevaluated in current studies by testing seedlings raised from theseseeds by ELISA.Additionally it was tested, if PepMV-contaminated seeds can beeffec-tively disinfected using the disinfectant MENNO-Florades.Disinfection of seeds was successful using 3% of MENNO-Floradesfor 2 hours or 4%of the disinfectant for 30 minutes. The germinationrate is not affected by these treatments.
Investigations on virus transmission of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) – Poster 3rd of 3
+: detection of PepMV-: no detection of PepMV
gelantine
seed coatembryo
seed coatFig. 4: Parts of tomato seeds tested - gelantine, seed coat, endosperm, embryo -
Tab. 1: Detection of PepMV in seeds and parts of seeds of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) by ELISA (n=50)
endosperm
© MENNO20
Effectiveness against Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV)
HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTUREInstitute for Horticultural Sciences, Special Field PhytomedicineDirection: Prof. Dr. C. Büttner, Expertise dated from 02.05.00Resuming assessmentFlorades is perfectly suitable for disinfecting plants infested with Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV); this applies to knife disinfection (short exposure time) and to standing area disinfection (low concentration). For knife disinfection, a PepMV virus inactivation could be observed after applying a 3 % means concentration and a 30 seconds exposure time. To disinfect standing areas, we recommend a lower means concentration with a longer exposure time. The 1,5 % concentration leads to a virus inactivation after a 16 hours time, and the 2 % concentration after 8 hours. The other combinations of concentration and exposure time can be taken from table 4 containing the test results. According to Jones et al. (1980), PepMV has been known from solanum muricatum (coastal region of Peru) since 1980, and has been discovered in European tomatoe cultures in 1999, for the first time (Lesemann et al., 2000). The virus spreads quickly in the crops. At present, it is being discussed, if it must be classified as a quarantine pathogen. This shows the high importance of prophylactic measures to prevent the spreading of this virus. One of the steps to combat the virus prophylactically, consists in disinfecting cutting tools and standing areas. According to the PepMV tests, Menno Florades proves to have a prompt effect showing, at the same time, a highplant tolerance.
First symptoms of infection - course of disease - consequence
© MENNO21
Transmission by recirculation nutrient solution
Pic. 1: Ebb-flow-system: set up of Phalaenopsis
and herbaceous indicator plants
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 14 28 35 70 91
days after setting up the plants
viru
s in
fect
ed p
lant
s (%
)
healthy
virus infected
Fig. 4: Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV): disease development by nutrient solution of the ebb-flow system detection of ORSV in leaves of Phalaenopsis
020406080
100
0 14 28 63days a fter se tting up the plants
viru
s in
fect
ed p
lant
s (%
)
hea lthy
virus infec ted
Fig. 5: Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV): disease development by nutrient solution of the ebb-flow system detection of CYMV in leaves of Phalaenopsis
© MENNO22
disinfection of ebb/flow benches
virus rinsing
with tap water no rinsing
Pelargonium leaf curl virus (PLCV) not tested 1 %, 10 seconds
Pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV) not tested 2 %, 1 minute
Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) not tested 2 %, 5 minutes
Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) not tested 4 %, 1 minute or 2 %, 5 minutes
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 4 %, 16 hours only partially effective
Pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV) 1 %, 1 hour 1 %, 16 hours
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) 1 %, 1 hour 1 %, 4 hours
Disinfection of standing areas - efficiency against viruses -
concentrations and exposure timesfor complete inactivation of various viruses
TMV
reference: expertise Dr. C. Büttner
Consequence:
Application
after intensive
cleaning
© MENNO23
Disinfecting knives with MENNO Florades®
Tobacco mosaic virus -
TMV
reference: expertise Dr. M. Wölk
treatment concentration- 1 % 2 % 4 %
MMEENNNNOO FFlloorraaddeess -- 22 33 00
M&ENNO TER forte - 10 10 10
Sanosil - 10 10 9
flaming 0 - - -
control (water) 10 - - -
diseased tobacco plants (max. 10)
method:
1. dipping of contaminated knives for 3 minutes2. cutting of healthy, vigorous plants (tobacco)3. disease assessment after 3 weeks or ELISA
© MENNO24
The right way to test disinfectants BBA-guideline 16-4
testing the gaseous phase
The disinfectant is placed on a dish under a glass. Also a very sensitive plant culture is placed beside, to show, if theproduct has a gas phase.
CylindrocladiumFor testing practicale conditionsas good as possible, nylon germcarriers are contaminated withfungi. Afterwards they store solong, until all forms have built, including spores and durationforms. If completed it will bedisinfected. So the product has to show all it‘s power of effectiveness.
test organism (standard)
►Xanthomonas campestris pv. Pelargonii
► Phytophthora spp.
► Thielaviopsis basicola
► Cylindrocladium spp.
► Fusarium oxysporum
lab test (with and without dirt load)
► bactericidal activity (suspension test)
► fungicidal activity (carrier test)
in practice (with susceptible test plants)
► disinfection of knives
► dipping pots, trays etc.
► application on standing grounds (e.g. capillary mats)
► gaseous phase (lettuce, Begonia semperflorens etc.)
© MENNO25
Fungicid effectiveness of MENNO Florades - exposure times
Survival of test germs (number germ carriers with growth of fungi after treatment)
conc. Phytophthora Colletotrichum Fusarium oxysporum Fusarium solani Cylindrocladium
[% ] cinnamomi sp. f.sp. cyclaminis var. coeruleum scoparium
without peat load1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h
0,50 0 0 0 0 0 0 not tested not tested 2 1 01,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 02,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
with peat load1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h 1 h 4 h 16 h
0,50 0 0 0 1 0 0 not tested not tested 2 1 01,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 02,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
0 = complete effectiveness (n = 3)
Results in vitro – laboratorial trials
Recommendation: 1 % and 16 hours, respective 2 % and 4 hAt this concentration and exposure time all fungi (includ ing the mostresistent fungi) and their duration forms are killed, al so with load ofdirtyness.
© MENNO26
Bactericid effectiveness of MENNO Florades - exposure times
conc. Ralstonia Pseudomonas Claviabacter mich. Claviabacter mich. Xanthomonas camp.
[%] solanacearum solanacearum ssp. sepedonicus ssp. Michiganensis pv. pelargonii
with germ carriers
metal surface without peat load
15 min 30 min 60 min 5 min 15 min 30 min 15 min 30 min 60 min 5 min 15 min 30 min 1 min 2 min 3 min
0,25 n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n.t. n.t. n.t.0,50 n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01,00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02,00 0 0 0 n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0
with peat load
15 min 30 min 60 min 5 min 15 min 30 min 15 min 30 min 60 min 5 min 15 min 30 min 1 min 2 min 3 min
0,25 n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 n.t. n.t. n.t.0,50 n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01,00 n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02,00 n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. n.t. 0 0 0
Survival of test germs (number germ carriers with growth of bacteria after treatment)
Ralstonia = Pseudomonas
n.t. = not tested
© MENNO27
Disinfecting Knives with MENNO Florades®
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii -
treatmentXcp-positive
(n=100)trial 1 trial 2
control "healthy" (untreated, not contaminated) 0 0untreated (contaminated) 32 92ethanol (70%; contaminated) 0 0MENNO Florades (1,5%; contaminated) 0 1MENNO Florades (3 %; contaminated) 0 1
method:
1. dipping of contaminated knives for 2 minutes2. cutting of healthy, vigorous plants (geraniums)3. samples tested on special agar plates after 5 or 7 weeks
© MENNO28
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
day 0 day 1 day 3 day 6 day 9
1 % M-Florades2 % M-Florades3 % M-Florades
efficiency (%)
days after treatment
Spraying Plants with MENNO Florades®
Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae on the plant surface
© MENNO29
efficiency (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1% 2% 3% 1 % prophylactic
V9801PEL01
V9801PEL02
V9801PEL03
concentration
3 experiments
Spraying Plants with MENNO Florades®
Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii on the plant surface
© MENNO30
Begonia leaf and stalk bacteriosis destruction(Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae) on Begonia
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1. week 2. week 3. week 4. week 5. week
*MENNO Florades 1 %
C.(copper sulphate) 0,03 %
Kind of infection: InoculationNumber of repetitions: 4Lot size: 10 plantsVariety: Begonia-Elatior
„Hetja dark“Stages: plant in blossom*Slight marginal blossom
necroses were observed.The treatment can only slowdown the bacterial spreading,but not stop it.
Classification: Recording the percentage of infected herbage (after infection)Grade of effectiveness
Time table of judge after weekly treatment (after 8 applications)
© MENNO31
Phytotoxicity of MENNO Florades®
after spray application on geraniums
3 %
2 %
© MENNO32
Phytotoxicity of MENNO Florades®
after spray application on begonias
1 %
3 %
1 %
3 %
© MENNO33
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,8 °dKH 11,7 °dKH 23,4 °dKH
pH
-val
ue
carbonate hardness
1 %
2 %
3 %
MENNO Florades®
monitoring of pH-value in immersion solutions!
helpful tip: 1. Renewal of dips unless they are clearly transparent !
Photo right above: Dip solution becoming dirty - throw away !2. Remove deposit of peat, soil, fertil etc. from the ground of the box, before recharging !3. Use rain water for dip solution / immersion-bath - lowering the product consumption !
© MENNO34
Personal hygiene – Hand disinfection
back of the hand
insideof
thehand
considere insufficient:
very often
less often
© MENNO35
Disinfecting Hands with MENNO Florades®
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii -
0
1-5
6-50
>50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
control ethanol (70 %) MENNOFlorades (1%)
MENNOFlorades (2%)
MENNOFlorades (3%)
MFD (3%) inethanol
> 50
6-50
1-5
0
severity of contamination per finger
(frequency classes in %)
exposure time
5 seconds
© MENNO36
Hand disinfection with MENNO Florades
against cucumber mosaic virus
0
5
10
15
20
Gesundkontrolle Krankkontrolle MENNO Florades (3%)
Anteil CMV-positiver Pflanzen (%)
5 ml, 5 seconds
control „healthy“ control „untreated“
Part of CMV-positve plants [%]
Results: Within serological tests of the indicationplants, CMV was only in 18 % of the plants (control “untreated”) detectable. In plants of the control "healthy" and those of the disinfectant treatment the virus could not be detected in any case.
� To study the suitability of MENNO Florades (3% )for hand disinfection under real conditions as an example cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was tested at Surfinia hybrids.
� The contamination was done by rubbing virus containing leaf between thumb and index finger.Thereafter, the contaminated hands were disinfected by a standard procedure (5 seconds „handwashing“ with 5 ml disinfectant solution). Then the thumb surface of a hand 4 leaves of a healthy surfinia … was rubbed off. (40 plants per test group).
© MENNO37
Instant test for determinationof concentration of MENNO Florades
+ MENNO
Florades
1.) Titration determines deficit
2.) Adding of product, till solution is
adjusted correctly.
10 ml
sample + 5 drops reagent 1(Phenolphthalein 0,1 % solution in Ethanol)
sample
sample
+ reagent 2 (Sodium hydroxide 0,30 mol/L)
⇒⇒⇒⇒consumption of ml equals existing
concentration as given in the table.
A distinct change of color into pink
resp. red becomes visible.
„used“ solution can be
added with fresh product
to sharpen the
solution / dipfor renewal use
Tray washing machinewith recirculation of
solution of disinfetant
washing- / immersionsolution
© MENNO38
Instant test for determinationof concentration of MENNO Florades
Method:Analytical determination ofconcentrations of MENNO Florades insolutions by titration with Sodiumhydroxide, using Phenolphthalein(0,1 % solution in Ethanol) as indicator.
Procedure:1.) Rinse plastic-glass twice with the test
solution and empty it.2.) Rinse 10 ml plastic syringe twice with
the test solution and empty it.3.) Fill 10 ml plastic syringe with test
solution, avoiding bubbles, up to themark and fill this volume into theplastic-glass.
4.) Into this sample of solution, give 5droplets of reagent 1 from plastic-bottlewith drop-nozzle. Mix by stirring glass.
5.) Fill 2 ml plastic-syringe with Reagent 2up to 2 ml mark, avoid bubbles.Add Reagent 2 drop by drop whilestirring, until permanent change of colorto a reddish pink occurs.
6.) Read consumption of Reagent 2 fromscale on the syringe.
consumptionreagent 2
(Natronlauge 0,30 mol/l)
in ml
concentration MENNO
Florades solution in %
0,1 0,25
0,2 0,50
0,3 0,75
0,4 1,00
0,5 1,25
0,6 1,50
0,7 1,75
0,8 2,00
0,9 2,25
1,0 2,50
consumption reagent 2
(Natronlauge 0,30 mol/l)
in ml
concentration MENNO
Florades solution in %
1,1 2,75
1,2 3,00
1,3 3,25
1,4 3,50
1,5 3,75
1,6 4,00
1,7 4,25
1,8 4,50
1,9 4,75
2,0 5,00
Remarks: store Reagents in a cold place (15-25 °C), pay attention to datesof expiry. After each use, close bottles of Reagents immediately.Reagents: Reagent 1: Phenolphthalein 0,1 % Lösung in Ethanol
Reagent 2: Sodium hydroxid 0,30 mol/lPrecautions: Avoid contact of Reagents with skin or eys.
© MENNO39
0
20
40
60
80
100
3,0 3,4 3,8 4,2 4,6 5,0 5,4
conc. [%]
pH
pKa
acc. HUGO & RUSSELL; 1992
Biocidal Activity of Organic Acids Impact of pH
decreasingbiocidalactivity
not dissociated (AH)
COOH
dissociated (A-
)
COO-
© MENNO40
Application technique
0,5 %Lilac
4 %Blue
3 %Orange
2 %Dark brown
1 %Aqua
ConcentrationDosage control jet
One 3 l container full of product concentrate is sufficient for 300 l ready mixed solution, enough for a surface of750 m² by using 0,4 l/m² (ready mixed solution, i. e. wet surface).
The colored dosing jets inserted into the suction tube allow precise control of concentration levels.
MENNO Florades
With the MENNO® disinfectant applicator► for connection on a hose with a snap connector► for automaticly exact dosage of disinfection-concentrate► foam - as a spray control – checking surfaces have been treated► to guarantee longer contact and reaction times
also for surfaces like plastic (e.g. boxes, trays, pots, ...), as far as concrete, metall, glass, etc.
© MENNO41
Personal hygiene – the right protective clothingfor keeping the surface disinfected after treatment
© MENNO42
© MENNO43
Foam with big air bubbles, suitable for horicontal surfaces
© MENNO44
Disinfectant foam application with low pressure up to 6 bar
aqueous solution for
absorbent surfaces Foam with
smooth surfaces
© MENNO45
„Creamy“ foam with very small air bubbles, suitable for smooth vertical surfaces and horicontal undersites
© MENNO46
Foam application - to be documened photographically digital
10.09.2010 13:30 Uhr
© MENNO47
hygitrix®
Measurement, control and documentation of
process relevant values for hygiene
© MENNO48
How to realize exceptional cleaning of plastic boxes?
After a steak was fried in a pan, it is with hot water, detergent and a sponge cleaned mechanically.What must be done to achieve an adequate result in boxes?
-Warm / hot water – recirculating the waterto reduce waste, cost of energy /product
- Presurized water- Right nozzle technique- Flushing out water- Avoiding dirt water restsentering in the disinfection unit
- Efficient Detergent:Detergents from the scope of foodindustry are made for the removal ofanimal proteins and fatty dirt loads!But, such dirt loads are not present in horticultural production! => VENNO Hortisept Clean
© MENNO49
hygitrix® for right dosage, monitoring, and documentation
For electronic measurement, automaticdosing and data recording of hygienerelevant prozess parameter formonitoring and documentation ofcleansing and disinfection processes. Concentration of product (measuring theelectronical conductivity), temperatur ofwater and application rate (as volumestream per unit of time) are measuredelectronically, recorded as data file andprovided graphically via software tool forsaving on the computer.
© MENNO50
hygitrix® facilities
© MENNO51
applications
© MENNO52
Plastic boxes – stackable, for folding, … large variety
© MENNO53
Dirt load: dust adherences ? Gradiations of white color
© MENNO54
Create box / Create box / Create box / Create box / plasticplasticplasticplastic material material material material totototo bebebebe cleanedcleanedcleanedcleaned
After After After After cleaningcleaningcleaningcleaning withwithwithwithsubsubsubsub----optimal optimal optimal optimal conditionsconditionsconditionsconditions
After After After After cleaningcleaningcleaningcleaning withwithwithwithoptimizedoptimizedoptimizedoptimized conditionsconditionsconditionsconditions
© MENNO55
Create box washing machine:- pre-washing - washing with heated water and
recirculation as far as resharpening of process water- disinfection with foam for optimizing the contact time
© MENNO56
STOP
At first disinfection,
then production !
„Plant-Hygiene“ resp. disinfection
is the essential part of the
Plant Protection Strategy and have to
be done first of all and consequently!
Thank you very much
for your kind attention
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