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ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 32 Pages 949977 Intake & Exhaust Systems 76 Points
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems Please Read The Summary
1. An engine not only needs ____ for combustion, it must also get __________ gases out of the cylinder.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Air, Spent Fuel, Spent Exhaust, Air
2. __________ draws air into the cylinders & operates emission controls, brake boosters, & AC doors.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Exhaust Pressure Vacuum
3. Vacuum, measured in relation to ______________ pressure, is any pressure less than atmospheric.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Atmospheric Ocean Space
Vacuum refers to pressure less than atmospheric pressure at any given altitude.
Remember: Atmospheric Pressure minus MAP = Vacuum 29.0 Hg” – 11.0 Hg” = 18.0 Hg”
Also: 1 Bar = 100 KPa (kilo pascals)
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is 14.7 PSI or about 100 kPa. This reads 0 Hg” vacuum on a gauge.
Good facts to know about atmospheric pressure and units.
1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 29.92 inches
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Normal atmospheric at sea level is also expressed as 1 bar.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Engine vacuum is highest at idle with the throttle plate closed and no load on the engine…vacuum leaks are most evident at idle RPM!
Manometer or “Utube”
05 Hg” at WOT
1822 Hg” at CT
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Vacuum used to control vehicle systems can be controlled by electric solenoids, TVS’ & PVS’. (thermal vacuum switches & ported vacuum switches)
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Vacuum gauges & vacuum pumps are important diagnostic tools.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Vacuum Transducer
4. Normal atmospheric pressure at sea level is ____ psi. Also expressed as 1 bar or 100 kilopascals.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
5. Vacuum problems contribute to many _______________ problems.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Inability Driveability Permeability
5. Vacuum problems contribute to many _______________ problems.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
6. At idle, a healthy engine should have ___ to ___ Hg” vacuum and should have 0 to 5 Hg” at WOT.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
1722 Hg” at Closed Throttle
7. The air ___________ system directs outside air into the engine’s cylinders.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Reduction Induction Deduction
8. Air filters clean the air entering the cylinders and entering the crankcase through the _____ system.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
9. __________ manifolds distribute clean air or an air/fuel mixture (TBI & Carb) to the cylinders.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
10. Intake manifolds can be either ______ (with coolant passages) or ______ (without coolant passages).
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
11. With multiport EFI, intake manifolds can be made of either ___________ or __________, since fuel vaporization & fuel condensation are not concerns like in carbureted or TBI systems.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
12. Some intake manifolds provide areas for mounting vacuum sources, and contain __________ passages for operation of the EGR system. They may also have connections for MAP, ECT, & IAT sensors.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
13. An intake manifold has 2 basic components: 1) ______________ area and 2) ________________.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
14. The plenum is a _______________ for air. Used extensively in the Atkinson cycle engine.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATKINSON CYCLE Internal combustion cycle that enables the compression stroke and expansion strokes to be mechanically independent of each other.
15. An engine designed for maximum torque & horsepower at high speeds has ___________ runners.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
16. Efficiently using the bouncing effect of air in the runners is called _____________ supercharging.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ACOUSTIC INDUCTION CONTROL Engine air intake system using a valve that intermittently closes or
restricts the flow of air to the cylinders, improving engine performance at some engine speeds.
17. Intake manifolds with variable length ___________ are controlled by electronic butterfly valves to provide changes in airflow volume & speed as engine needs change for various rpm.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
18. Intake manifold ____________ (IMT) and intake manifold runner ___________ (IMRC) are both examples of variable manifolds that can increase the volumetric efficiency of an engine.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
19. A leaking manifold gasket is one of the most common causes of internal ____________ leaks.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
20. ________________ & _______________ are the 2 processes of artificially increasing the amount of airflow into the engine. This will increase volumetric efficiency and horsepower.
Normally aspirated engine = nonturbocharged or nonsupercharged
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
21. __________________ (airtoair or airtowater) are used to cool the air charge entering the engine.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
22. Turbochargers use exhaust leaving the engine to spin the __________ or hot wheel. Both gasoline and diesel engines use turbochargers to compress that air before it enters the engine.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
23. The turbine is attached through the center shaft to the ____________ or cold wheel.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
24. Turbochargers provide a positive pressure increase, called ___________, in the intake manifold.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
25. _______ _____ is the slight delay in response as the exhaust builds up enough energy to spin the turbo wheels fast enough to respond to the engine speed. (spooling up)
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
26. A ________ _______ is used to limit the boost by allowing some exhaust to bypass the turbine.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Internal Waste Gate
External Waste Gate
27. A waste gate can be controlled by __________ pressure or by the PCM in response to MAP.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
28. MAP, CKP & KS inputs are indicators of when to limit turbo boost & when to _________ timing.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
29. High temperatures and turbo speeds of up to ______________ rpm make lubrication & cooling important.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
30. Variable _________ turbines & variable ___________ turbochargers provide more boost at lower engine speeds without overboosting at higher speeds. They do not need a waste gate.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
31. Twin turbos, two different sized turbos, and ______stage turbos are all options being used.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
31. Twin turbos, two different sized turbos, and ______stage turbos are all options being used.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
31. Twin turbos, two different sized turbos, and ______stage turbos are all options being used.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
31. Twin turbos, two different sized turbos, and ______stage turbos are all options being used.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
32. A highpitched sound is the result of an ______ leak between the compressor & engine or exhaust leak between the engine & turbo.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
33. Pressure testing can be done with ____________ or with a scan tool. Leak test with soapy water.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
34. Most turbocharger failures are caused by lack of __________, ingestion of foreign objects (fingers) or contaminated lubricant. …infrequent oil changes can cause selfdestruction.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
35. After storage, __________ the lubrication system before starting. Allow the engine to idle for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before shutting it down after a hard run to allow the shaft to cool.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Cranking the engine for 10 to 15 seconds with the ignition coil
disabled will pump oil to the turbo charger. Some of the things that should always be done after rebuilding or replacing a turbo include changing the oil and oil filter, checking the air filtration system for leaks or obstructions, and priming the turbo oil supply
before starting the engine.
36. _________________ are air pumps driven by the engine’s crankshaft through a belt system.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
37. An ____________________ clutch is used to engage and disengage the supercharger from the drive belt.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
38. Air is drawn into the _______ of a supercharger, _____________ by the spinning rotors, and exits through the top where it is routed to an intercooler and finally into the intake manifold.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
39. Superchargers incorporate a ________ valve that allows it to idle when extra power isn’t needed.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
40. Since rotor speed is directly linked to crank rpm, __________is directly controlled by throttle position. On an EEC engine, TPS is a main input to be monitored for turbo & supercharger ops.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
41. The __________ supercharger with a pair of threelobed, helical rotors is the most popular design.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Engine oil coolers are often used on turbocharger & supercharger systems.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
42. A supercharger normally has its own oil supply. True or False
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
43. A “____________” has both a supercharger for low speeds and a turbocharger for high speeds.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
44. Proper tuning of exhaust manifolds can actually create a partial __________ to help draw exhaust gases out of the cylinder, improving volumetric efficiency, horsepower and torque.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
45. Exhaust pipes are made of __________ steel, ____________ steel or zinc plated steel.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
46. The __________ _________ is part of both the emission control system and the exhaust system.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
47. The CAT contains cerium to store ____, platinum & palladium to oxidize ____ & ____, and rhodium to deoxidize or reduce ______. The abbreviation TWC stands for _________________.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
48. A minicatalytic converter, located close to the engine is known as a ___________ CAT.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
49. Upstream & downstream HO 2 S are used to monitor catalyst _____________ or effectiveness.
Remember: Upstream HO2S is for A:F Ratio Feedback & Control Downstream HO2S is the Catalyst Efficiency Monitor
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
50. Engine misfire can melt or plug a CAT. Loss of power & low ___________ are symptoms of this.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
51. A fivegas exhaust __________ and a digital infrared thermometer or _______________ to measure CAT temperature are used to best diagnose a CAT.
1400 Fº Inlet Gas
100 Fº Hotter Outlet Gas
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
52. ____________ flow mufflers with internal baffles & chambers are used to quiet the exhaust.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
53. Too much ________________ will reduce an engine’s volumetric efficiency or ability to breathe. Not enough backpressure may allow intake gases to leave the engine along with the exhaust.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
54. ______________ or silencers are extra mufflers to change the tone of the exhaust or quiet it more.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
55. ________ ____________ are used to protect other parts from the extreme heat inside the CAT.
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
56. Exhaust systems on FWD vehicles have ________ joints to allow the engine to roll from accelerating torque without moving the exhaust system along with it. (common breakage areas)
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
57. Exhaust systems are checked for restrictions by testing _________ _____________ with a gauge threaded into the upstream HO 2 S hole. Idle rpm back pressure <1.5 psi 2,500 rpm < 2.5 psi
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
58. A __________ machine can be used to identify small exhaust system leaks. (usually for EVAP tests)
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
59. Besides an oxyacetylene torch, some other common tools of the exhaust system trades are:
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
Exhaust systems contain AIR & EGR devices as well as the CAT with pre & post EGOS. (OBDII)
What is AIR?
What is EGR?
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
A properly functioning, working CAT should be 50°F or 8% hotter at its outlet than at its inlet.
1400 Fº Inlet Gas
100 Fº Hotter Outlet Gas
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
A CAT may contain a pipe from the AIR pump to the oxidation bed where fresh air can be used to lower HC & CO when it is injected
downstream into the platinum & palladium catalysts.
Air Injection Pump Injects air here
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
A malfunctioning CAT is pinpointed by upstream & downstream HO 2 S with the SAME output.
Upstream
Downstream
Good Catalyst Bad Catalyst
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
ATASA 5 th Intake & Exhaust Systems
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