articles presentation

Definite and indefinite Definite and indefinite articlesarticles

A, an and theA, an and theGROUP MEMBER :-GROUP MEMBER :-

NAJEEBNAJEEB

HASSAN KHANHASSAN KHAN

ALISHAH ANWAR ALIALISHAH ANWAR ALI

What do they do?What do they do?

they come at the beginning of a noun they come at the beginning of a noun phrasephrase they show if the information is new orthey show if the information is new or known alreadyknown already

What do they look like?What do they look like?

Indefinite article ‘a’ and ‘an’Indefinite article ‘a’ and ‘an’

a house a job an appointmenta house a job an appointment

an examplean example Definite article ‘the’Definite article ‘the’

the hospital the stationthe hospital the station

Where do they come in sentences?Where do they come in sentences?

At the beginning of a noun phrase:At the beginning of a noun phrase:

I saw I saw a housea house.. Immediately before a noun or an adjective (a) or Immediately before a noun or an adjective (a) or

before an adverb + adjective + noun (b):before an adverb + adjective + noun (b):

(a) I saw (a) I saw an ugly housean ugly house..

(b) I saw (b) I saw a really ugly housea really ugly house last night last night..

How do we choose articles?How do we choose articles?

The noun that follows the article tells usThe noun that follows the article tells us

which article to choose.which article to choose.

There are There are NONO articles before articles before Plural nounsPlural nouns Uncountable nounsUncountable nouns

Rules for using a/anRules for using a/an

A/an is used with singular nouns to A/an is used with singular nouns to introduce something new that the listener introduce something new that the listener or reader does not know about.or reader does not know about.

I saw an accident. I have a new bag.I saw an accident. I have a new bag.

I have an older sister.I have an older sister. A/an is used in expressions of time and A/an is used in expressions of time and

quantity.quantity.

Forty times an hour Thirty pence a kilo.Forty times an hour Thirty pence a kilo.

Rules for using theRules for using theThe is used when the listener or reader knows or will soon know what The is used when the listener or reader knows or will soon know what we are talking about. It tells the listener or reader to think about things we are talking about. It tells the listener or reader to think about things

they have already or seen.they have already or seen. The is used with a noun to show: The is used with a noun to show:

1.The noun refers to 1.The noun refers to something that has been something that has been said or written.said or written.

2.Or is going to be said or 2.Or is going to be said or

written.written.

1.When I was shopping I1.When I was shopping I

bought a new jumper, it bought a new jumper, it

was was thethe warmest one I warmest one I

could find.could find.

2. 2. I will collect him from I will collect him from the the

airporairport on Friday.t on Friday.

Rules for using the continued:Rules for using the continued:

3. It is also used to refer to 3. It is also used to refer to

shared experience.shared experience.

4. Or general knowledge.4. Or general knowledge.

3. 3. We could go to We could go to the the

library tomorrow.library tomorrow.

4. There are twenty-six4. There are twenty-six

letters in letters in thethe alphabet. alphabet.

The is also used with some topic The is also used with some topic groups:groups:

Entertainment:Entertainment: I went to I went to thethe cinema. cinema. I went to I went to thethe pub. pub. I went to I went to thethe shops. shops.

TransportTransport I arrived at I arrived at thethe airport. airport. I arrived at I arrived at thethe bus stop. bus stop.

Musical instrumentsMusical instruments I play I play thethe piano. I play piano. I play thethe guitar. guitar.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE SENTENCES?SENTENCES?

WHEN DO YOU USE A / AN?WHEN DO YOU USE A / AN?

AA 1. 1. It is It is aa ddogog 2.2. It is It is anan

uumbrella mbrella

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE SENTENCES IS THE THESE SENTENCES IS THE FOLLOWING:FOLLOWING:IN IN GROUP “A” GROUP “A” THERE ARE THERE ARE SINGULAR SENTENCES ANDSINGULAR SENTENCES AND IN IN GROUP “B” GROUP “B” THERE ARE THERE ARE PLURAL SENTENCESPLURAL SENTENCES

BB1.1. They are They are ccats ats

2.2. They are They are aapplespples

YOU USE YOU USE A / AN A / AN WHEN THE WHEN THE SENTENCES ARE IN SINGULAR.SENTENCES ARE IN SINGULAR.YOU USE THE ARTICLE YOU USE THE ARTICLE AA WHEN WHEN THE WORDS START WITH A THE WORDS START WITH A CONSONTANT AND YOU USE CONSONTANT AND YOU USE THE ARTICLE THE ARTICLE ANAN WHEN THE WHEN THE WORDS START WITH A VOWEL.WORDS START WITH A VOWEL.

OTHER GRAMMATICAL RULES:OTHER GRAMMATICAL RULES:

1.1. WE USE WE USE A/ANA/AN TO REFER SOMEONE TO REFER SOMEONE OR SOMETHING THAT IS MENTIONED OR SOMETHING THAT IS MENTIONED FOR THE FIRST TIME.FOR THE FIRST TIME.

2. 2. WE ALWAYS USE WE ALWAYS USE A/AN A/AN BEFORE BEFORE THE NAMES OF PROFFESSIONS.THE NAMES OF PROFFESSIONS.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:MARIO IS MARIO IS AA TEACHERTEACHERDAVID IS DAVID IS ANAN ACTORACTOR

NEVER: NEVER: DAVID IS ACTORDAVID IS ACTOR

3. 3. WHEN THE SENTENCES ARE IN WHEN THE SENTENCES ARE IN PLURAL YOU NEVER USEPLURAL YOU NEVER USE A / AN. A / AN. YOU CAN USE YOU CAN USE SOMESOME..

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:I HAVE I HAVE SOME SOME ENGLISH BOOKSENGLISH BOOKS

44. . YOU USE YOU USE ANAN WHEN THE WHEN THE WORDS START WITH THE WORDS START WITH THE CONSONANT “ H” BECAUSE IT IS CONSONANT “ H” BECAUSE IT IS NOT PRONOUNCED.NOT PRONOUNCED.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:I NEED JUST I NEED JUST AN AN HOUR MORE.HOUR MORE.

5. 5. YOU USE YOU USE AA WHEN THE WORDS WHEN THE WORDS START WITH A VOWEL BUT IT IS START WITH A VOWEL BUT IT IS PRONOUNCED AS A PRONOUNCED AS A CONSONTANT.CONSONTANT.

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:A UNIVERSITY (YOU PRONOUNCE A UNIVERSITY (YOU PRONOUNCE IT LIKE THIS: IT LIKE THIS: /A/ /YUNIVERSITY/ /A/ /YUNIVERSITY/ ))A HORSE (YOU PRONOUNCE IT A HORSE (YOU PRONOUNCE IT LIKE THIS: LIKE THIS: / A / /JORS// A / /JORS/

EXERCISESEXERCISES1. 1. WRITE A OR WRITE A OR AN.AN.

1.1. _____old book_____old book

2.2. _____Window_____Window

3.3. _____horse_____horse

4.4. _____airport_____airport

5.5. _____new airport_____new airport

6. _____ umbrella6. _____ umbrella

7. _____organisation7. _____organisation

8. _____university8. _____university

9. _____hour9. _____hour

10. _____economic 10. _____economic problemproblem

AnAn

AA

AnAn

AA

AnAn

AnAn

AA

AnAn

AnAn

AA

DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE

WHEN DO WE USE THE ARTICLE “THE”?WHEN DO WE USE THE ARTICLE “THE”?

WE USE WE USE “THE” “THE” WHEN WE REFER TO WHEN WE REFER TO SOMEONE OR SOMETHING IN SOMEONE OR SOMETHING IN PARTICULAR.PARTICULAR.EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:-WHAT IS WHAT IS THETHE NAME OF THIS STREET? NAME OF THIS STREET? (THIS STREET HAS ONLY ONE NAME)(THIS STREET HAS ONLY ONE NAME)- WHO IS WHO IS THETHE BEST BEST PLAYER IN YOUR PLAYER IN YOUR TEAM?TEAM?- CAN YOU TELL ME CAN YOU TELL ME THETHE TIME PLEASE? TIME PLEASE? ( THE TIME NOW) ( THE TIME NOW)- MY OFFICE IS ON MY OFFICE IS ON THETHE FIRST FLOOR. FIRST FLOOR. (THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING)(THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING)DON’T FORGET:DON’T FORGET:DO YOU LIVE NEAR DO YOU LIVE NEAR THETHE CITY CENTRE? CITY CENTRE? EXCUSE ME, WHERE IS EXCUSE ME, WHERE IS THETHE NEAREST NEAREST BANK?BANK?

WHEN WE USE THE PHRASE WHEN WE USE THE PHRASE “THE SAME” “THE SAME” :

EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:

- WE LIVE IN - WE LIVE IN THE SAME THE SAME STREET.STREET.- ARE THESE - ARE THESE TWOTWO BOOKS BOOKS DIFFERENT? DIFFERENT? ..NO, THEY ARE NO, THEY ARE THE SAMETHE SAME

WE SAY:WE SAY:

THETHE SUN, SUN, THETHE MOON, MOON, THETHE WORLD, WORLD, THETHE SKY, SKY, THETHE SEA, SEA, THETHE COUNTRY , COUNTRY , THE THE POLICE OF PERU, POLICE OF PERU, THETHE FIRE FIRE BRIDGE OF A COUNTRY, BRIDGE OF A COUNTRY, THETHE ARMY ARMY OF A COUNTRYOF A COUNTRY(THEY ARE (THEY ARE SPECIFIC THINGS)SPECIFIC THINGS)..

EXERCISESEXERCISES1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE ARTICLE “THE” 1. COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE ARTICLE “THE” ONLY IT’S NECESSARY.ONLY IT’S NECESSARY.

1.1. WHAT IS _____ NAME OF THE STREET.WHAT IS _____ NAME OF THE STREET.

2.2. WE HAD _____ DINNER AT THE RESTAURANT LAST NIGHT.WE HAD _____ DINNER AT THE RESTAURANT LAST NIGHT.

3.3. MY HOUSE IS AT _____ THE MIDDLE OF THE STREET.MY HOUSE IS AT _____ THE MIDDLE OF THE STREET.

4.4. TOKIO IS _____ CAPITAL OF JAPAN.TOKIO IS _____ CAPITAL OF JAPAN.

5.5. WHAT DID YOU HAVE FOR _____ LUNCH? A SALAD.WHAT DID YOU HAVE FOR _____ LUNCH? A SALAD.

6.6. WE LIVE IN _____ SAME STREET.WE LIVE IN _____ SAME STREET.

7.7. _____BREAKFAST IS READY!_____BREAKFAST IS READY!

8.8. HE IS WATCHING _____ TELEVISION.HE IS WATCHING _____ TELEVISION.

9.9. THEY ARE LISTENING TO _____ RADIO.THEY ARE LISTENING TO _____ RADIO.

10.10. PAULA IS LEARNING TO PLAY _____ PIANO.PAULA IS LEARNING TO PLAY _____ PIANO.

THE

-THE

THE

-

--

THE

THE

THE

WRITE 5 SENTENCES IN YOUR WRITE 5 SENTENCES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK BY USING THE NOTEBOOK BY USING THE ARTICLES “THE”, “A/AN”ARTICLES “THE”, “A/AN”