arthropods biol 1407. phylum arthropoda cheliceriformes –horseshoe crabs –arachnids: spiders,...
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Arthropods
BIOL 1407
Phylum Arthropoda
• Cheliceriformes– Horseshoe Crabs– Arachnids: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites
• Myriapoda: millipedes and centipedes
• Hexapoda: insects and springtails
• Crustacea: crabs, lobsters, barnacles, etc.
Cheliceriformes: Horseshoe Crabs
Cheliceriformes: Arachnids
Cheliceriformes: Arachnids
Video: Click on “Trapdoor Spider” and “An Amazing Web”http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/lifeintheundergrowth/video.shtml
Myriapods
Millipede Centipede
Hexapods: Insects
Photo Credit for Caterpillar: UNK Student, Vieques 2008
Videos: Click on “Titan Beetle”, “Moth and Lantern Bug”, “Feather-Legged Bug”, “Bot Flies”, “Giant Asiatic Honeybees”, and “Mangrove Ants”.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/lifeintheundergrowth/video.shtml
Hexapods: Springtails
Video: Click on “Dancing Springtails”http://www.bbc.co.uk/sn/tvradio/programmes/lifeintheundergrowth/video.shtml
Photo Credit: Sarefo, 2005 Wikimedia Commons
Crustaceans
Photo Credit for Spiny Lobster: UNK Student, 2008, Vieques
Crustaceans
Photo Credit for Artermia: Betsy Maxim, 2008
Characteristics of Arthropods
• Bilateral symmetry• Triploblastic• Coelomate• Photo Credit: Alvesgaspar, 2008,
Wikimedia Commons
Characteristics of Arthropods
• Segmentation• Chitinous
Exoskeleton• Photo Credit for Striped Love Beetle: Adrian
Pingstone, 2005, Wikimedia Commons
Characteristics of Arthropods
• Jointed Appendages
• Photo Credit for Praying Mantis in Defense Posture: Tibor Duliskovich, 2007, Wikimedia Commons
Characteristics of Arthropods
• Ecdysis• Video of Cicada
Nymph Molting: http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=go4MqVq9HVM
• Photo Credit: Macau500, 2004, Wikimedia Commons
Characteristics of Arthropods
• Complete Digestive System
• Open Circulatory System
• Gills or book lungs or tracheal tubes
• Centralized nervous system
Metamorphosis
• Developmental stage in insects
• Young feeding form adult reproductive form
Incomplete Metamorphosis
• Young resemble adults
• Smaller with different proportions
• Photo Credit for Eurydema oleraceum nymph: James K. Lindsey, 2007, Wikimedia Commons
• Photo Credit for Eurydema oleraceum adult: Guido Gerding, 2006, Wikimedia Commons
Complete Metamorphosis
• Larval stages do not resemble adults
• Pupa stage transformation
• Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTUgUEpqBrA&feature=related
• Photo Credit for Monarch Butterfly Pictures: Derek Ramsey, 2006 (adult), 2007 (caterpillar), Wikimedia Commons
Wings
Photo Credit: André Karwath, 2005, Wikimedia Commons
Complete Digestive System
Transport
• Open Circulatory System
• Heart = Pump
• Vessels• Hemolymph
= Fluid
Gas Exchange
• Gills• Book Lungs• Tracheal Tubes• Respiratory Pigments
– Hemocyanin (crustaceans and horseshoe crabs)
– Photo Credit for Terebellid Polychaete: Matthias Buschmann, 2007, Wikimedia Commons
Cellular Respiration• Food is needed to
provide fuel for cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration:– ATP
– Use O2
– Release CO2
CO2
O2
Surface-Area-to-Volume
• As body size ↑, Surface Area increases more slowly than Volume increases
• Large bodies have smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio than small bodies
Surface-Area-to-Volume
• Exchange occurs across surfaces• Dependent upon surface area• Folding ↑ Surface Area
Surface-Area-to-Volume
• Volume determines demand for:– Materials– Energy– Oxygen
• Volume generates:– Metabolic Wastes– Carbon Dioxide
Advantage of Folding
• Folding of internal structures increases surface area
• Exchange rate can meet demands of organism
Arthropod Excretory Systems: Antennal Glands and Malpighian Tubules
Centralized Nervous System
The End
Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from:
Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.
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