arthropods as vectors
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Arthropods as Vectors ofDisease
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Things to knowWhat is a Vector?
Two types of vector and giveexamples?
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Biological vectorAcq ire pathogenic agents !ymeans of """"""""""""""""#
Agents ndergo m ltiplication$propagation$ and development
inside the arthropods !ody#
%osq itoes and !iting &ies
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%echanical vectors
Transmits pathogens !yway of their !ody s ch as
feet$ wings$ etc#'erve as contaminators(athogen do not m ltiply ordevelop inside their !odies#)leas$ !eetles$ cra!s and
copepods
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%ost important vectors oftropical diseases
%osq itoes
)lies
*ockroaches
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Two divisions of mosq itovectors
Anopheline Genus Anopheles+ man malaria and + man,lariasis
* licine Aedes, Culex,
MansoniaDeng e$ -apaneseencephalitis$ h man ,lariasis
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*omparison of two sexesFemale Male*apa!le of !iting ands cking
.ot capa!le
)eeds on plant / ices andnectar
)eeds on plant / ices andnectar
Antennae0 (innose or less! shy
Antennae0 (l mose or! shy
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1ggsCharacteristics
Anophelines
Culex Mansonia
Aedes
'hape Boat2shapedeggs
*igar2shapedeggswithcorolla
Area wherethey lay eggs
' rfaces ofwater
rafts 3nderleaves of
aq aticplants
Arti,cialcontainers and
dry hollows
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4arva1ggs hatch 526 days of contact withwater
727#8 mm long2newly hatched
9 mm2f ll length
:nstars2 stages !etween molts
'piracles2organ for !reathing
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'piracles are sit ated in thesiphon
Which aret ! larorgans
'hort andsto t withonly one pairof hair t fts
4ong andslender withmany ventralt fts
4ackssiphon
%ansonia
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)eeding position of anophelinefrom nonanopheline
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Di;erentiationof mosq itoes
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%osq ito Bionomics
Deals with the relationshipof species to theirenvironment
:mportant in the
epidemiology and planningmethods of mosq ito control
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%ating occ rs##5< = ed$ pairsdrop o t the swarm andinsemination follows
Dispersal """""""""" are m ch weaker &yer)ly 725 km in range
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Biting ha!itsCulex, Mansonia and Anophelesprefer to !ite at night
Aedes d ring daytime
ther terminologies1ndophagic1xophagic1ndophily1xophilyAnthrophilic@oophilic
feeds while inside h mandwellingsfeed o tdoors
rest while inside dwellingsrest o tdoorsfeed on h mansfeed on animals
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ainfall
%ost important factor foremergence of mosq itopop lation
ise and fall of mosq itodensity is dependent on
seasonal prevalenceBased on availa!ility ofaq atic environments
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Types of climates
Type :
Type ::
Type ::: Type :V
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%a/or mosq ito2!orne diseases
:# %alaria Anopheles
favirostris
Anopheles litoralis Anopheles
balabacensis
::# )ilariasis Aedes poecilus
Mansonia
:::# D) D+) Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus
:V# -apanese1ncephalitisCulex
tritaeniorynchus
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Anopheles spp Anopheles favirostris%ost important vectorBreeds in slow &owing$ clear partially
shaded streams with vegetation(ale golden patch in the pro!oscis
Anopheles litoralis'econdary vector'peckled legsBreeds in water with salinity of 5#826C Anopheles balabacensisDark pro!oscis with m ltiple darkspots in the wingsBreeds in clear ponds and pools indeep forests and / ngles
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%ansoniaVector of Br gian ,lariasisBite from 7am25amMansonia bonneae
(refers fresh water swamps withgiant pandan sMansonia uni ormisBreeds in swamps with aq atic
plantsAd lt4ight to dark !rown or light to
golden
4egs have many pale markings with
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Aedes spp
Aedes poecil sBancroftian ,lariasis.oct rnal feeder
Breeds in axils of plants Aedes aegypti
D) D+)tiger mosq itoEr!an deng e
Aedes albopictusr ral deng e
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)lies
Musca domestica
Dark gray in color F2G mm in length With < conspic o slongit dinal !lack !ands or
stripes
4ay eggs in masses2 H82 78I eggs 3p to 57 !atches in a month +atching takes place 5I25< ho rs inwarm conditions res lting tolarva maggots then to p pa $ ,nally toan ad lt# :t takes 7I27H days for development
from egg to ad lt#
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)lies
'ynantrophicAssociated with J:T diseases s ch
as0ame!iasissalmonellosisshigellosis
They feed on h man and animalexcreta and h man food#
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Anatomical str ct res forcarrying pathogenic agents
7# 'ponging mo thparts
5# %anner of ingesting food
6# +airy !ody and appendages
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ther synantrophic &ies
Sarcophaga 77278 mm long Jray Three prominent !lack
longit dinal stripes A!domen has a Kchess
!oardL appearance
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ther synantrophic &iesCalliphora)ace is covered with yellow
hairsBl ish in colorWell2developed thoracichairs4ife cycle req ires 55 days
Luciliashiny green or greenish !l e
a!domen with!ron>e coppery re&ectionsknown as the !ron>e !ottle&ies
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ther synantrophic &iesMuscina 'lightly larger and
more ro! st
Dark gray to !lack< longit dinal !ands
Fanniaesem!les ho se &y
'maller and moreslender
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*ockroches
Are noct rnally active
*rawling at daytime
*arries more pathogens
)acilitated !y hairy chewing
mo thparts
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*ockroaches
Periplaneta americanaChestnut brown todark-reddish brownLargest (40mm)
Blatta orientalis- ! mm long
"ark brown to blackw# short wings
Blatella germanica$0-$% mm in length&ellowish-brown'rominentlongitudinal darkbands
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Blatella germanica
othecaprotrudes*rom tip o*abdomenuntilhatching
time
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