art history renaissance 1400 italy neo-classicism - 1700s romantisism – 1800s realism – 1850s

Art History

Renaissance 1400 ItalyNeo-classicism - 1700sRomantisism – 1800s

Realism – 1850sImpessionism – 1870sExpressionism – 1900s

Surrealists – 1930sPop art – 1960s

Post modernism – 1980s

Impressionist music (1870s)

Monet

• Debussy

• Mozart

Feminist literature (1960s)

Ursula Le Guin

Surrealist film (1930s)

Warning: some nudity & blood

"To disrupt the mental anxiety of the spectator“ - Dali

literature as social challenge or social glue?

Consider art history

- realist – Impressionists – Expressionists - Surrealists – etc

- femism, marxism

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- Novels to uphold social order

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‘good artists borrow, great artists steal’ – Picasso

‘good artists borrow, great artists steal’- Picasso

Art and Appropriation

Development - Appropriation

To appropriate something involves taking possession of it. In the visual arts, the term appropriation often refers to the use of borrowed elements in the creation of new work.

The borrowed elements may include images, forms or styles from art history or from popular culture, or materials and techniques from non-art contexts.

Photography & painting

Beginning in the 1960s artists such as Warhol, Richter and Artschwager, began making paintings that translated photographic images taken from newspapers and advertisements.

This painting shows how photography has influenced not just the content but also the technique of painting.

Andy Warhol, Big Electric Chair, 1967.

Gerhard Richter’s Woman with Umbrella, a moving portrait of a distressed woman, is in fact based on a photograph of a grieving Jackie Kennedy but could easily be any ordinary passer-by.

“I did not take it [photography] as a subsititute for reality but as a crutch to help me get to reality,” a quote by him on the gallery wall explains.

Gerhard Richter, Woman with Umbrella, 1964,

Liu Xiaodong’s “A Transsexual Getting Down Stairs” (2001) brings to mind Marcel Duchamp’s “Nude Descending a Staircase.”

Such references interweave art history in ways that work for most of us on a subconscious level.

Nude descending a staircase no2 1912 by Marcel Duchamp

Liu Xiaodong “A Transsexual Getting Down Stairs” (2001)

Music is not exempt from appropriation either. In their music video for their song Lemon, U2 pay tribute to the photographer Muybridge.

Rappers & DJs sample and remix other people’s work…

… painters and poets do the same!

Pop ArtIn the 1950s, a group of artists in Great Britain and the USA, rather than despising popular culture, gladly embraced its imagery and its methods.

Their audacity at first scandalized the Establishment, but by the mid-1960s their work dominated the world art scene and names such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and Robert Rauschenberg were familiar to many.

Film, art, music, photography, fashion… They all look to (and steal) from

each other. You can’t detach yourself from the world, and the influences, around you.

Why galleries, libraries, museums? • Artists don’t (often!) work with their eyes closed, and ideas don’t

(often!) come from thin air... • Galleries, libraries 7 museums are full of original ideas and

inspiration.• Artists submerge themselves in the culture of their surroundings,

and feed off it for inspiration.

Picasso Here, Picasso has appropriated (borrowed, and made his own) the form and subject of Velasquez’s ‘Las Menias’ to create a new work .

Richard PrinceIn 2005, a Richard Prince photograph of a Marlboro cigarettes advertisementwas auctioned for over $1.2 million - a world record. He photographed theMarlboro ad without permission removing the identifying marks. In a 1977essay, Prince proclaimed that he was "practicing without a license" – referringto his practice of stealing other people's pictures and publishing them as hisown.

Picasso borrowed from this image more than once to create new works.

In 2003, Mark & Dinos Chapman famously bought and then altered a set of Los Caprichos, - a series of etchings by Goya. Working on top of the original prints they ‘vandalised’ the original work, by painting on top of it. In doing this, they literally ‘appropriated’ the work of Goya and made it their own, placing the original in a different context and creating something new.

The Chapman Brothers

The Chapman Brothers

The Chapman Brothers

Great Deeds Against The Dead by Jake and Dinos Chapman (1994)

Goya Disasters of War, 1810 - 20

The Chapman Brothers appropriated the work of Goya more than once… and in a number of different ways.

The Chapman Brothers didn’t only ‘appropriate’ from Goya, they have also worked on top of a number of Victorian portraits, ‘defacing’ the original sitter, by giving them a new and ghostly disguise. They also worked into a number of

Hitler’s original drawings for the exhibition ‘If Hitler was a hippie, how happy would he be?’

Fashion & Architecture

Alexander McQueen & Sydney Opera House (by Jørn Utzon)

Balenciaga & Guggenheim-Museum Bilbao (by Frank O. Gehry)

Emilio Pucci & Finca Güell in Barcelona (by Antoni Gaudí)

Akris & Holocaust Memorial Berlin (by Peter Eisenman)

Anne Klein & Unité d’Habitation in Marseille (by Le Corbusier)

‘good artists borrow, great artists steal’ - Picasso