art appreciation-chapter20

Late Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Chapter 20

Neoclassicism

• Neoclassicism refers to the emulation of Greek and Roman art, specifically Roman art because is represents a republic government

• It was believed, at this time, that art should serve a social purpose

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Jacques-Louis David. Oath of the Horatii. 1784.10'10" × 14'.

Oath of the Horatii

• The sons pledge to take the swords offered by the father to defend Rome

• This was an inspirational image for the revolutionaries in France– It’s meaning is that their cause is noble

Romanticism

• A wave of emotional expression

• Romanticism comes from the word romances which were medieval tales of adventure written in romantic language

• Romantic artists believed that imagination and emotion are most important

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Francisco Goya. The Third of May, 1808. 1814.8'9" × 13'4" (2.67 × 4.06 m).

The Third of may

• Depicts Napoleon’s army shooting citizens suspected of rioting

• The figure in white is the main focus• Shows the brutality and injustice of the

situation• Like most romantics, Goya was

interested in current events rather than distant historical stories

Photography

• Photography opened up a new way of seeing

• Originally, people thought that photography would replace painting, but instead it opened painters up to new types of expression

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Carleton E. Watkins. The Three Brothers. 1861.

The Three Brothers

• Yosemite in 1861

• After these photos, the government decided to make Yosemite into a national park

• Taken with a large wet plate camera

Realism

• Realism-depicts a ordinary existence without idealism, exoticism, or nostalgia

• Artists are departing from depicting gods and history and moving toward painting the regular person

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Gustave Courbet. The Stone Breakers. 1849 (destroyed in 1945).5'5" × 7'10".

The Stone Breakers

• Ordinary men

• Not idealized

• Not dramatic

Impressionism

• Portrayed contemporary life• Often painted outdoors• Sought to paint impressions of what the eye actually

sees• Sketchy quality to the paintings• Strong observation of color• Used small dabs of colot• When seen far away, the painting looks relatively

realistic• When seen up close the painting looks very loose and

the brush strokes are visible

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Claude Monet. Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare St. Lazare. 1877.59.6 × 80.2 cm.

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Claude Monet. Impression: Sunrise. 1872.49.5 × 64.8 cm.

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Le Moulin de la Galette. 1876.51-1/2" × 68-7/8".

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Edgar Degas. The Ballet Class. c. 1879–1880.32-3/8" × 30-1/4".

Post-Impressionistic Period

• Artists reacted in various ways to the impressionistic painters

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Georges Seurat. A Sunday on la Grande Jatte. 1884–1886.81" × 120-3/8".

A Sunday on la Grande Jatte

• Not as spontaneous as an impressionist

• The composition is more refined and organized

• Pointillism-tiny dots of color used to create a form and color

The Starry Night

• Very textural brush work– This creates a rhythmic movement

• Uses colors to depict moods and emotions

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Vincent van Gogh. The Starry Night. 1889.29" × 36-1/4".