argentina’s economy agron/econ 496 sergio lence february, 2009
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ARGENTINA’S ECONOMY
Agron/Econ 496
Sergio Lence
February, 2009
POPULATION, 2007
Argentina 39 million United States 302 million China 1,300 million India 1,073 million World 6,390 million
World Population Density
Population (bottom) and Internet (top) densities
World Gross Domestic Product (1999)
Earth’s Satellite Picture at Night
Gross National Income (2007)
Argentina U.S.
Total Current U$S 0.24 trillion 13.9
trillion PPP U$S 0.51 trillion 13.8 trillion
Per Capita Current U$S 6,050 46,040 PPP U$S 12,990 45,850
Nominal GDP vs. PPP GNP
Argentinean Economy
Upper-middle income, Western-style market economy (World Bank classification): Low income (< $935 GNI per capita)
49 countries (e.g., Haiti) Lower-middle income ($936-$3,705)
54 countries (e.g., Peru, Ecuador, Paraguay) Upper-middle income ($3,706-$11,455)
41 countries (e.g., Argentina, Brazil, Mexico) High income (> $11,455)
65 countries (e.g., US, Canada)
Composition of GDP (%)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Value Added by Sector (% of GDP)
Argentina 31.54 9.64 58.82
United States 23.05 1.6 75.35
Industry, value added (% of GDP)
Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)
Services, etc., value added (% of GDP)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Indices of Economic Activity
Argentina 416.38 112.02 81.97
United States 1164.29 551.38 658.88
Fixed line and mobile phone subscribers (per 1,000 people)
Internet users (per 1,000 people)Personal computers (per 1,000
people)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Indices of Economic Activity
Argentina 3760 2051.63 1578.98
United States 19850 12398.96 7899.61
CO2 emissions (kg per capita)Electric power consumption
(kwh per capita)Energy use (kg of oil equivalent
per capita)
CO2 Emissions Per Capita
Argentinean Economy: History
Long history of government involvement Military governments (until 1982) Populist governments (e.g., Peron, Peronist party)
Major economic reforms starting in the 1990s Privatization Currency conversion
Major economic crisis in 2001/02
Argentinean Peso
Currency of Argentina 1 U$S = 3.49 Argentinean Pesos
Introduced in 1992
Argentinean Peso
Argentinean Peso
Argentinean Peso
Argentinean Peso: History
PESO Moneda Nacional (starting in 1881)
PESO Ley (starting in 1970) 1 Peso Ley = 100 Pesos Moneda Nacional
PESO argentino (starting in 1983) 1 Peso argentino = 10,000 Pesos Ley
AUSTRAL (starting in 1985) 1 Austral = 1,000 Pesos argentinos
PESO (starting in 1992) 1 Peso Ley = 10,000 Australes
Argentinean Peso: History
Various Argentine currencies towards the US Dollar
Monetary Conversion Rates
Fall in value of the Argentine currency vs. U.S. dollar
Monetary Conversion Rates
Fall in value of the Argentine currency vs. U.S. dollar
Monetary Conversion Rates
Argentinean Pesos per U.S. dollar
INFLATION
ANNUAL INFLATION
Argentina US
1998 4% 4%
1999 -3% 4%
2000 -1% 4%
2001 -4% 1%
2002 -11% 2%
2003 9% 3%
2004 9% 4%
2005 9% 3%
2006 8% 3%
2007 9% 2%
GDP Growth Per Capita
Annual GDP Growth (%)
-15.00%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Argentina US
Annual Growth in GDP (%)
-0.79%
-4.41%
-10.89%
8.84% 8.98%
3.69%
0.52%2.21%
3.10%4.40%
-15.00%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Argentina United States
Annual Inflation (%)
1.04%
-1.10%
30.56%
10.50% 9.19%
2.18% 2.38% 1.54% 1.83% 2.08%
-5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Argentina United States
65
70
75
80
85
90
Indices of Development
Argentina 74.46 81.26
United States 77.41 88.35
Life expectancy at birth, total (years) School enrollment, secondary (% net)
Life Expectancy at Birth, 2004
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
GINI Index (higher income inequality, higher index)
Argentina 51 U.S. 41
Infant Mortality
0
5
10
15
Argentinean Economy:Current Concerns
Large government deficit Government-distorted economy Inflation Unfavorable world market situation Government vs. Farmers
THE END
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