architecture and design part i

Part I

Architecture and Design

Chapter 15 & 16Architecture and Design

Pyramids of Menkaure (c. 2470 BCE), Khafre (c. 2500 BCE), and Khufu (c. 2530 BCE).

Original height of Pyramid of Khufu 480 ft., length of each side at base 755 ft.

Architecture and Design both depend on …

1.Environment (Where?)2.Purpose (What and Why?) 3.Function (How?)4.Aesthetic & Cultural Values (What and Why?)

Ziggurat, Ur. c. 2100 BCE.210 x 150 ft. at base.

Present day Iraq

Mesa Verde, Spruce Tree House. c. 1200–1300 CE.third largest cliff dwelling; constructed by Pueblo peoples;

present-day Colorado

Cribbed roof construction of a kiva.

The Lion Gate. 1250 BCE.

Post and Beam (Lintel) construction

Corner of the First Temple of Hera. c. 550 BCE.

Entasis-Slight curvature of the column to give illusion of straight lines

The Greek orders, from James Stuart, The Antiquities of Athens. 1794.

Doric Ionic Corinthian

Arch.

Keystone- middle stone to support the weight of arch

Pont du Gard. Late first century BCE.

Colannade; aqueduct bridge

Barrel vault (top) and groined vault (bottom) construction.

Barrel-vaulted gallery, ground floor of the Colosseum.

The Colosseum (aerial view). 72–80 CE.

Interior, Pantheon. 117–125 CE. Rome, Italy

Oculus and Dome

Exterior, Pantheon. 117–125 CE. Rome, Italy

Interior view of nave, St. Sernin. c. 1080–1120. Toulouse, France

Plan, St. Sernin.

Amiens Cathedral. begun 1220., Amiens, France

Gothic- Pointed arch.

Flying buttresses, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, France

Flying buttresses, Cathedral of Notre-Dame, Chartres, diagram (after Acland).

Wood-frame construction.

Architect unknown. Mansion at Parlange Plantation. c. 1785–95.

Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel Tower. 1887–89.Height of tower 1,051 ft.

Completed for the Paris World’s Fair in 1889

Joseph Paxton. Crystal Palace. World’s Fair, London, UK. 1851.1,848 x 408 ft.

First World’s Fair, London, 1851“Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations"

Joseph Paxton. Crystal Palace, interior. 1851.

Morris and Company. Sussex Rush-Seated Chairs.

The Arts and Crafts Movement (1860-1910 approx)

-rebelling againstIndustrialization