archaic period

Archaic Period

Architecture, Sculpture, and Vase-Painting

The Chronology

• Archaic Period 700 - 480 BCE

• Orientalizing Phase 700 - 600 BCE

• 499 BCE Burning of Sardis

• 490 BCE MARATHON

• 480 BCE Battle of Salamis (Themistokles)

• 479 BCE Plataia

Architecture

• Doric– Temple of Apollo, Corinth (560 BCE)

– Temple of Hera, Olympia (590 BCE)

– Temple of Aphaia, Aegina (500 BCE)

– Temple of Artemis, Corcyra (580 BCE) • Ionia

– Temple of Apollo, Didyma (550 BCE)

– Temple of Hera, Samos (530 BCE) • South Italy/Sicily

– Temple G, Selinus (560 BCE)

– Temple of Zeus, Akragas (480 BCE)

– Hera I (Basilica) Poseidonia (550 BCE)

– Hera II, Poseidonia (500 BCE)

Corinth

Temple of Apollo, Corinth

• Peripteral

• Hexastyle

• Distyle in antis

• Anta

• Cella, naos

• Pronaos

• Opisthodomos

• Pteron

• Colonnade

• Stylobate

Remains of T. of Apollo • Limestone• Stucco• Painted• Cuttings into

Bedrock• Monolithic• Entasis

Olympia • Olympic Games from 776 BCE

• Archaic Buildings: Treasuries, Pelopeion, Fountains, Temple of Hera

Temple of Hera, Olympia

• 590 BCE• Early columns in wood, replaced over time• Butresses in cella

Temple of Aphaia, Aegina

• Island grew to prosperity in Orientalizing period

• Aphaia - local nymph

• Ties to Athens

• Temple is the height of Doric architecture - 500 BCE

Temple plan - Aphaia

• 6 X 12 Columns

• Ramp

• Interior Colonnade

• All Doric Refinements

– entasis

– corner contraction

– curvature

Temple of Aphaia, Aegina

Ionic Style• Dipteral

colonnade• More

elaborate interior

• Ionic columns– volute

capital

– base

– more carved detail

– flat flutes

Temple of Hera, Samos

• Rhoikos and Theodoros

• 575 - 560 BCE

• 50 X 100 m

• Dipteral plan

• Double interior colonnade

Poseidonia: Basilica

• 550 BCE• Experimenta

tion with Doric

• Nonastyle?

Basilica Columns

Hera II, Poseidonia

Treasury Buildings at Sanctuaries

• Stores votives to the divinities

• Each city-state at major Pan-hellenic sanctuaries

• Olympia: Whole row on way to stadium

• Delphi: Treasury of the Siphnians, Treasury of the Athenians

• Small Ionic or Doric Buildings

Delphi

Treasury of the Athenians• Post-

Marathon• 490/480

BCE• Deeds of

Theseus and Herakles

• Doric, Distyle in antis

Metopes

• Erymanthian Boar• Keryneian Hind

Siphnian Treasury

• Fixed date - 510 BCE

• Jewel box of Ionic Style

• Caryatids• Fine Island

Marble

Siphnian Friezes

• North: Gigantomachy

• South: Rape of Leucippidae

• West: Judgement of Paris

• East: Battle of Ajax and Memnon (Gods in Assembly)