applying sustainability analysis to rural water services
Post on 07-Jul-2015
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Applying
Sustainability
Analysis to Rural
Water Services
Dr. Peter Harvey
Regional WASH Adviser
UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa
Why analyse sustainability?
To identify the constraining factors/bottlenecks
that are resulting in low levels of water service
sustainability;
To determine appropriate intervention levels at
which action is needed (national, sub-national,
community, private sector etc.);
To identify areas of intervention (for respective
levels) to increase sustainability;
To develop a sustainability improvement plan;
To increase rural water service sustainability.
Sustainability
A water supply service can be said to be
sustainable if: the water sources are not over-exploited but naturally
replenished;
water systems are maintained in a condition which
ensures a reliable and adequate water supply;
the benefits of the supply continue to be realized by all
users indefinitely; and
the service delivery process demonstrates a cost-
effective use of resources that can be replicated.
Sustainability factors
Policy context (P)
Management and institutional
arrangements (M)
Financial issues (F)
Community and social aspects
(C)
Technology and environment
(T)
Supply chains (S)
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Sustainability assessment and
planning process
Sustainability factor Score Rank
Policy context (P) 0 Weak
Management and institutional arrangements (M) 2 Medium
Financial issues (F) 4 Strong
Community and social aspects (C) 1 Weak
Technology and environment (T) 3 Medium
Supply chains (S) 4 Strong
TOTAL 14 Medium
Sustainability assessment
framework
P, M, F
M, F, C
F, C, T
C, T, S
S
Policy
Management
Finance
Community
Technology
Supply chain
Intervention levels and areas of engagement
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Paradigm shift required from:
Projects (time-bound, funding linked to
construction, handovers)
Facilities (infrastructure based,
maintenance focus)
to
Programmes (long-term funding
and operational strategies)
Services (focus on ongoing water
delivery)
Programmes & Services
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Institutional support is required and
must be budgeted for.
Accurate cost-determination and
sustainable financing mechanisms
are needed.
Sustained technical capacity must be
developed.
If community management is not
viable, private sector service delivery
models should be explored.
Making
community
management
work (or not!)
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Cost-recovery targets must be
realistic.
A tariff hierarchy can be developed to
assess and set targets.
Sustainable (innovative) community
financing mechanisms are needed.
Equity-focused financing strategies
can be developed for:
• cross-subsidy within communities;
• cross-subsidy across communities;
• households to access micro-credit facilities;
• institutional support to communities.
Financing
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Community management is one
option for O&M but it is not the only
one!
Different O&M options need to be
considered so that each community
has a choice.
Where appropriate, community
management may require
strengthening.
Alternatively, public-private
partnerships and private sector O&M
models may be implemented and
critically evaluated.
A flexible approach to O&M
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Ensure communities
have a real choice
Introduce
appropriate low cost
technology options
Improve artisan
skills and equipment
Support local
innovation
Monitor water
resource
sustainability
Technology & Environment
Policy
• Programme approach
• Service delivery focus
Management
• Support to communities
• Private sector options
Finance
• Sustainable financing
• Realistic cost recovery
Community
• O&M management options
• Equity strategies
Technology
• Technology choice
• Local option priority
Supply chain
• Local procurement
• Integrated supply chains
Support to integrated supply chains –
e.g. contractual options for provision
of equipment and O&M services
Local procurement
Quality assurance
Policy and co-ordination
Supply chains
Application of tool
The tool has been applied by Government sector
agencies (with UNICEF support) to develop rural water
service sustainability improvement plans.
It can be reviewed and adapted to the local context.
An appropriate entry point is needed, such as a sector
or programme review.
The tool raises awareness of issues affecting
sustainability and identifies potential ways to tackle
them.
It complements other sector analysis tools that focus
more on service coverage.
Monitoring service sustainability and functionality is
essential to measure impact of improvement plans.
Thank you
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