application of single subject experimental designs in adapted physical activity research: a...
Post on 31-Dec-2015
214 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted
Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
Jiabei ZhangWestern Michigan University
Ying QiColumbia Middle School
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Introduction> Method> Results> Discussion> Conclusion
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Introduction~ What are single subject research designs - Small number of Participants . A single participant . Several participants - Time series with two conditions . A baseline condition . An intervention condition ‘ Two conditions are repeated ` Reversal ` Multiple
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Introduction~ Why use single subject research designs - Hard to find a large of participants - Hard to use same dependent tests~ Application in many areas in researching - Behavioral psychology - Special education - Adapted physical education~ What is the profile of research using subject research designs in adapted physical education?
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Method~ Data source: All research articles using single subject experimental designs published in the journal of Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly from 1984 to 2013 ~ Code categories and sub-categories: - (a) the size of sample: small or large - (b) the age of participants: children or adults - (c) the type of disabilities: mental or physical - (d) the type of analysis: descriptive or inferred
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Method~ Code categories and sub-categories: - (e) the type of designs: multiple, repeat, other - (f) the independent variables: 4, e.g., therapy - (g) the dependent variables: desired behavior~ Data coding: two independent people: - Graduate student - Instructor in adapted physical education~ Data analysis: - Descriptive statistics: #s and %s - Trend inspection: over 30 years
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Results ~ the interrater reliability: mean = 96%
Category Agreement Disagreement Coefficient
The size of sample 27 0 100.00%
The age of participants 27 0 100.00%
The type of disabilities 27 0 100.00%
The type of data analysis 25 2 92.59%
The type of designs 24 3 88.88%
The independent
variable
23 4 85.18%
The dependent variable 23 4 85.18%
Mean --- -- 93.12%
~ The Proportion of Completed Research Articles Using Single Subject Designs in Research
> Results
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
Total Articles with SSED (A) Total Research Articles
(B)
% of A in B
27 661 4.08
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis> Results
~ Descriptive Statistics of Coding Subcategories in the Seven Categories of Analysis Category
Subcategory
Descriptive Statistics
f %
The size of sample
Small sample size (< 10)
Large sample size (≥ 10)
The age of participants
Children (< 18 years old)
Adults (≥ 18 years old)
25 92.59
2 7.41
18 66.66
9 33.34
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Results~ Descriptive Statistics of Coding
Subcategories in the Seven Categories of Analysis The type of disabilities
Learning/behaviors impairments
Physical/health impairments
The type of data analysis
Visual inspection with descriptive statistics
Visual inspection with inferred statistics
The type of designs
Multiple baseline design
23 85.19
4 14.81
22 81.48
5 18.52
12 44.44
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Results~ Descriptive Statistics of Coding
Subcategories Basic reversal design
Other designs
The independent variable
Therapy treatment
Inclusion research
Teaching procedure
Consequence study
Antecedent research
The dependent variable
Desired behaviors
Undesired behaviors
Compound behaviors
8 29.63
7 25.93
8 29.63
6 22.22
6 22.22
5 18.52
2 7.41
2 1 77.77
2 7.41
4 14.81
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Results~ The number of Research Articles Using
Single Subject Designs Published over 30 years
Phase
Period
Phase I
1989-
1993
Phase II
1989-
1993
Phase III
1994-
1998
Phase IV
1999-
2003
Phase V
2004-
2008
Phase VI
2009-
2013
Articles 7 6 4 3 3 4
> Discussion~ A total of 10 characteristics - A small portion in APAQ - Using a small sample size - Using children as subjects - Focusing on learning/behavior impairments - Visual inspection with descriptive statistics - Using more multiple baseline designs - More on therapy, inclusion, and strategy - Measure more desired behaviors - Showing a decreasing trend over years
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
Application of Single Subject Experimental Designs in Adapted Physical Activity Research: A Descriptive Analysis
> Conclusion~ Profile: a small portion of articles used single subjects designs, in which most researchers used a small sample size, recruited children as subjects, emphasized learning and behavior impairments, selected visual inspection with descriptive statistics in the data analysis, preferred a multiple baseline design, focused on effects of therapy, inclusion, and strategy, and measured desired behaviors more often, with a decreasing trend over years 1984-2013.
top related