apa smarthphones as mobile labs for psychological research
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Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Smartphone Revolution
1.5 Billion Smartphone Subscriptions Worldwide:China (354 million) & US (219 million)
Source: KPCB Internet Trends, May 29, 2013
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Japan 76%
Korea 67%
Canada 63%
Austrailia/Sweden 60%
Hong Kong 59%
Netherlands/USA 58%
UK 53%
Smartphone Subscriptions as % of Total Mobile Subscriptions
Countries with Smartphones as the Dominant Mobile Device
Source: KPCB Internet Trends, May 29, 2013
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Americans & Smartphones
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological ResearchThe Smartphone is the Swiss Army Knife for Modern Life
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Nokia Lumia 920 Apple iPhone 5 Samsung Galaxy S3
What’s Inside the Box?
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Fast & powerful – three & quad core processor1+ GB RAM8 megapixel cameraHigh pixel density screensHD video recordingGPSBluetoothWiFiPortability – weighs less than 5 ouncesLots of sensors: e.g., ambient light and noise, temperature, location, movement
Common Smartphone Features
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
“Dys” iTunes App (Stephane Dufau, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University) Input Settings
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
“Dys” iTunes App (Stephane Dufau, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University) Subject Data
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
“Dys” iTunes App (Stephane Dufau, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University) Experimental Task
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
“Dys” iTunes App (Stephane Dufau, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University) Data Analysis & Storage
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
OpenSesame (Sebastiaan Mathôt, project manager, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University)
Mathôt,S., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2012). OpenSesame: An open-source, graphical experiment builder for the social sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 314-324.
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Ecological Validity and Ulric Neisser
Neisser,U. (1976). Cognition and Reality. New York: W.H. Freeman.
“contemporary studies of cognitive processes usually use stimulus material that is abstract, discontinuous, and only marginally real. It is almost as if ecological invalidity were a deliberate feature of the experimental design.”
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Ecological Validity According to Egon Brunswik
Ecological validity can be achieved when there is a representative sampling of “a large sample of everyday situations drawn from the ecology of an adult subject”. It is critical that the researcher not interfere with the ecology, but study how the individual adapts and interacts within the environment.
Brunswik,E. (1966). The psychology of Egon Brunswik. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Ecological Momentary Sampling (EMS)
•Based upon method developed by Mihalyi Csikszentmihalyi in the late 1970’s – “Experience Sampling Method” (ESM)
•”Ecological” – mulitple, immediate reports of subjective experiences, behaviors, and physiological functioning in a person’s natural setting.
•”Momentary” – data collected at a particular moment in time
•”Sampling” – permits multiple reports per individual over time
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2007). Experience Sampling Method: Measuring the Quality of Everyday Life. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
MyExperience (Jon Froehlich, U of Maryland)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/myexperience/?source=navbar)
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
MyExperience (Jon Froehlich, U of Maryland)
http://sourceforge.net/projects/myexperience/?source=navbar)
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Mobilyze! (David Mohr, Northwestern University’sCenter for Behavioral Intervention Technologies)
•EMS•Context-sensing•Uses machine learning
Burns, M.N., Begale, N., Duffecy, J., Karr, J., Giangrande, E., Mohr, D.C. (2011). Harnessing context sensing to develop a mobile intervention for depression. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(3):e55.
Smartphones as Mobile Labs for Psychological Research
Smartphones are a Goldmine for Psychologists
•Reduce research costs•Increase research participant pool•Study behavior in real-time and natural settings•Opportunities for cross-disciplinary collaboration•New role of psychologist in the on-going digital revolution
Allison Hermann, Ph.D.Illuminer Mobile Researchahermann@illuminermobileresearch.com
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