ap world review: time period characterizations

AP WORLD REVIEW:TIME PERIOD CHARACTERIZATIONS

• Foundations (8,000 BCE – 600 BCE)

• Classical (600 BCE – 600 CE)• Post-Classical (600 CE – 1450

CE)• Early Modern (1450 CE – 1750

CE)• Modern (1750 CE – 1900 CE)• Contemporary / Global (1900 CE

– Present)

AP WORLD TIME PERIODS

• Chapter 1: Human Prehistory and Early Civilizations

FOUNDATIONS8000 BCE – 600 BCE

Foundations: Major Themes• Hunter-gatherers (disadvantages)• Neolithic Revolution + agriculture (advantages)• Civilization

• Characteristics• River Valley Civilizations

• Egypt• Mesopotamia

• Sumer• Babylon

• Indus River Valley• Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

• Huang He River Valley• Xia (fictional?), Shang

• Little to no expansion• Limited interaction if living outside major civs

• Chapter 2: Classical China• Chapter 3: Classical India• Chapter 4: Classical

Greece and Rome• Chapter 5: Classical

Declines

CLASSICAL600 BCE – 600 CE

Classical Period: Major Themes

• China: Zhou, Qin, Han• India: Mauryan, Gupta• Mediterranean: Greece, Etruscans, Rome

• Similarities:• Major religions/ideologies develop• Massive territorial expansion• Integrate new territories (ex: China and Rome)

• Iron tools and weapons• Connection occurs through trade primarily (Silk Road)• Exception:• Alexander the Great and Bactria (Mauryan India)• China and entrance of Indian Buddhism

Classical Period: Major Themes

• Late Classical Period• Collapse of empires• Turn to religion or ideology in time of chaos• Buddhism (Siddhartha Gautama)• Hinduism (Vedic texts)• Christianity (Bible)• Confucianism (Confucius, Analects of Confucius)• Legalism (Shi Huangdi)• Daoism (Lao Tzu)

Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical ORANGE

Color Coded History: Foundations and Classical ORANGE

• Chapter 6: Rise of Islam• Chapter 7: Abbasids and Spread

of Islam to S/SE Asia• Chapter 8: Islam in Africa• Chapter 9: Byzantium• Chapter 10: Early Christian and

Middle Ages• Chapter 11: Pre-Columbian

America• Chapter 12: Tang and Song• Chapter 13: Sinification in

Japan, Korea, Vietnam• Chapter 14: Mongols• Chapter 15: Golden Age of

Exploration

POST CLASSICAL600 CE – 1450 CE

Post-Classical Period: Major Themes• According to Sterns• 1st Realm (most developed, high interaction):

Umayyads and Abbasids; Sui, Tang, Song China; Byzantium

• 2nd Realm (trade raw materials for luxury goods; imitate other cultures): Japan, Korea, Vietnam; Western Europe; Russia; Sub-Saharan Africa

• 3rd Realm (no connection with 1 and 2): Americas

• Period begins with:• Collapse of Classical Empires• Rise and spread of Islam

• Major events:• Spread of Christianity and Buddhism• Silk Road (Esp. after 1000 CE increased contact;

rapid transmission of culture and technology (paper, compass)

Post-Classical Period: Major Themes

• Period ends with:• Mongols are gone• Ming China closes China off• Still strongest economy; greatest demand

• Middle East weak via Mongols• Russia weak via Mongols• Byzantium falls• Western Europe grows with new technology from Asia• Americas become weak prior to Columbus

Color Coded History: Post-ClassicalGREEN

Color Coded History: Post-ClassicalGREEN

• Chapter 16: The World Economy

• Chapter 17: Renaissance and 17th-century Europe

• Chapter 18: Rise of Russia• Chapter 19: Early Latin

America• Chapter 20: Atlantic Slave

Trade• Chapter 21: Ottomans;

Mughals; Safavids• Chapter 22: Ming China and

Tokugawa Japan

EARLY MODERN1450 CE – 1750 CE

Early Modern Period: Major Themes

• Columbian Exchange• Plants, animals, diseases population effects• Becomes Triangular Trade

• Altered World Economy• Mercantilism utilize colonies• Atlantic Slave Trade

• Gunpowder Empires (new weaponry)• Ottomans; Mughals; Safavids

• Internal Changes in Empires• Europe: Renaissance; Protestantism; Scientific

Rev; absolutism; exploration• Russia: tsardom, copy West, retain uniqueness• Japan: Tokugawa Shogunate; isolation• China: Neo-Confucianism

Color Coded History: Early Modern BLUE

Color Coded History: Early Modern BLUE

• Chapter 23: Age of Revolution and Industrial Revolution

• Chapter 24: European Imperialism

• Chapter 25: 19th-century Latin America

• Chapter 26: Ottomans; Egypt; Qing China

• Chapter 27: Industrialization in Russia and Japan

MODERN1750 CE – 1900 CE

Modern Period: Major Themes

• West’s military advantages Imperialism• Result of industrialization (cannon; repeating

rifle; machine gun, trains, steamships, improved medications)

• Think of: Opium War; Battle of Lepanto; Crimean War

• Not invincible: Battle of Adowa; Battle of Isandhlwana

• World Economy• All societies must participate or West forces

them to (Opium War; Boxer Rebellion; Matthew Perry and Japan)

• Increasing capitalism• High production of raw materials• Marxism

• Reaction to West (Resist/traditional or acceptance?)• Social Darwinism• Military reforms (Tanzimat, Self-Strengthening,

Meiji)• Education (Russia; Dutch Studies in Japan)

Modern Period: Major Themes• Revolutions

• American (1776); Haitian (1804); French (1789); Latin American (19th-c)

• New philosophies/rights complicates colonies • Industrial Revolution

• CELL; 1st and 2nd Revolution; social and cultural results• Abolition

• New ideologies (Enlightenment, moral principles)• Britain takes lead• Wage-laborers

• Nationalism• By 1914, nationalism almost everywhere• Begins in West (Italy, Balkans, Germany) ultimately

used by non-West to protest against West• 19th-c Globalization

• Telegraph; steamship; consumerism; Suez and Panama Canal; First-wave Feminism

Color Coded History: Modern YELLOW

Color Coded History: Modern YELLOW

• Chapter 28: WWI• Chapter 29: Interwar Period• Chapter 30: WWII• Chapter 31: Cold War• Chapter 32: 20th/21st c.

Latin America• Chapter 33: Independence

in Asia, Africa, Middle East• Chapter 34: Mao’s China

and the Pacific Rim• Chapter 35: End of Cold War• Chapter 36: Globalization

GLOBAL1900 CE - PRESENT

Global Period: Major Themes

• Decline of West’s Power• Decolonization

• Complicated World Economy• Neocolonialism (Danger of single-export)• War over resources: Iran-Iraq War; Persian Gulf

War• Communism vs. Capitalism• China; Pacific Rim; Sub-Saharan Africa added

• Population Growth• 1914 to present: 3x• Struggle to provide resources; public health; food

• Technology• Radio; telephone; cell phone; satellite; air travel;

internet

Global Period: Major Themes

• Wars• WWI; WWII; Chinese Civil War; Vietnam War;

Korean War• Revolutions• Social upheaval: growing middle class• Chinese Rev (1911); Mexican Rev (1910); Russian

Rev (1917)• Empire and Monarchies end• Fascism; authoritarianism Democratization in

70s/80s• Cultural Change• Consumerism; Coca-cola-nization• Rejection: Religious fundamentalism

• Gender• Traditions remain: Birth control• Second-wave Feminism; constitutional equality

• Globalization

Color Coded History: Global RED

Color Coded History: Global RED