ap government jeopardy – judiciary, budget, and policy

“Con Law”

It’s in the

Budget

DecisionsDecisions

“Chief” among Equals

Juris-diction

Policy Points

Mis-cell-any

100 100 100 100 100 100 100

200 200 200 200 200 200 200

300 300 300 300 300 300 300

400 400 400 400 400 400 400

500 500 500 500 500 500 500

AP Government Jeopardy – Judiciary, Budget, and Policy

Final Jeopardy! QuestionJudiciary, Budget, and Policy

Selection of Federal Judges

Creates the Supreme Court, but not the

federal court system – also gives Congress the power to create federal

courts below the Supreme Court

Article III

“Con Law” 100

Philosophy that the Supreme Court should play an active role in determining national policies, especially

those related to social and political issues

Judicial activism

“Con Law” 200

Philosophy that holds that the Supreme Court

should avoid taking initiative on social and

political issues

Judicial restraint

“Con Law” 300

Judicial checks on the Legislative Branch

Can interpret the meaning of laws, nullify laws or parts of laws by

declaring them unconstitutional

“Con Law” 400

Can interpret executive orders and federal

regulations, can nullify an executive order or federal regulation by

declaring it unconstitutional

Judicial checks on Executive Branch

“Con Law” 500

Federal Reserve efforts to control the money

supply, primarily through interest rate changes, to stimulate

the economy

Monetary policy

It’s in the Budget 100

Gradual increases/decreases in funding that produce major changes over

time

Incrementalism

It’s in the Budget 200

Legislative process that produces laws granting

the expenditure of money for specific

programs

Authorization

It’s in the Budget 300

Legislative process that distributes money to

programs in order to run the government and

carry out public policy

Appropriations Process

It’s in the Budget 400

Used to continue funding the government when an appropriations bill has been stalled by gridlock in Congress or

a presidential veto

Continuing resolution

It’s in the Budget 500

An opinion that summarizes the opinion

of the court and provides a precedent for

future decisions in similar cases

Majority opinion

Decisions, Decisions 100

An opinion from one or more justices who agree with the majority on the end result but disagree with the reasoning in the majority opinion

Concurring opinion

Decisions, Decisions 200

Opinion from one or more justices who disagree with the

reasoning and end result of the majority opinion; there can be more than one of these in a case

Dissenting opinion

Decisions, Decisions 300

How previous cases that involved similar issues

were decided

Precedent

Decisions, Decisions 400

Submitted to an appellate court by interested

parties or “friends of the court” who have an

interest in the case and want to influence the

decision

Amicus curiae brief

Decisions, Decisions 500

Chief JusticePresides over the Supreme Court but has no more real

power than associate justices (as all of them get

one vote)

“Chief” among Equals 100

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Marshall Court decision that established the principle of judicial

review; declared a portion of the Judiciary Act of 1791 unconstitutional

“Chief” among Equals 200

Warren CourtLiberal court from 1953 to

1969 that expanded the rights of the accused and

pushed forward civil rights

Ex: Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v.

Wainwright

“Chief” among Equals 300

Burger CourtCourt from 1969 to 1986 that edged toward a more conservative view, though it continued to take some activist positions such as

Roe v. Wade

“Chief” among Equals 400

Roberts CourtCurrent Supreme Court, distinguished by more conservative ideology;

created limiting language in areas with previous

liberal decisions

“Chief” among Equals 500

Writ of certiorariOrder by Supreme Court directing a lower court to send records of a case for

review; the SCOTUS issues 80-150 per year

Jurisdiction100

Original jurisdictionAuthority of courts to hear

new cases; for the SCOTUS, this includes disputes between state governments or cases

involving foreign governments

Jurisdiction200

Appellate jurisdictionAuthority of courts to hear appeals of decisions made

in lower courts; the Supreme Court is the

ultimate and final court with this kind of

jurisdiction

Jurisdiction300

U.S. District CourtsHave original jurisdiction in the federal court system and never hear appeals; 94

of these in the U.S. conduct both civil and

criminal cases

Jurisdiction400

U.S. Courts of AppealsHave only appellate

jurisdiction, never conduct trials; 13 of these in the

U.S., each serving a region called a circuit

Jurisdiction500

Agenda settingThe process of forming the list of matters that policymakers intend to

address

Policy Points100

Public policyGovernment actions to

solve a problem or accomplish an objective

Policy Points 200

Environmental impacts statement

Required studies of likely environmental

consequences, filed with the Environmental

Protection Agency prior to the beginning of a project

Policy Points 300

Entitlement programPayments made to people

meeting eligibility requirements, such as

Social Security

Policy Points 400

Deficit spendingWhen government

expenditures exceed revenues, requiring

borrowing of money; common because public projects are popular but

taxation is not

Policy Points 500

Fiscal policyUse of taxing and spending by

the government to stimulate the economy

Mis-cell-any100

Senatorial courtesyThe traditional practice of

giving senators veto power over the

nomination of U.S. District Court judges;

meant to maintain a good working relationship

between the President and Congress

Mis-cell-any 200

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

Supreme Court ruled that state government actions

violated Cherokee sovereignty established by federal treaties; ruling was

ignored by Andrew Jackson, who refused to

enforce it

Mis-cell-any 300

Rule of FourProcedure for deciding

whether or not the Supreme Court will hear a

case; named for the number of justices that

must agree

Mis-cell-any 400

Mandatory spending 2/3 of the federal budget is

devoted to paying for entitlement programs such as Social Security, interest

on national debt, etc., leaving little for

discretionary spending – or spending cuts

Mis-cell-any 500

• What are the formal qualifications for federal judges, and what is their

typical background?• What factors does the

President consider when choosing federal judges?

FINAL JEOPARDY

• There are no formal qualifications for federal judges listed in the Constitution, but they usually

have experience as private lawyers, federal or state judges, law professors, and/or district

attorneys.• The President chooses judges that share his/her

judicial philosophy, and looks for balance of race, gender and religion, but most importantly looks for a well-respected individual free from

scandal (and therefore likely to gain Senate approval). Senatorial courtesy is used for district

courts.FINAL JEOPARDY