antoniou: complex systems and web

The power of Openness.

Open Data and Open Knowledge Ioannis E. Antoniou

Mathematics Department

Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

54124

iantonio@math.auth.gr

iantonio@math.auth.gr

2012-04-06

Irreversible Non - Hermitian Extensions of Quantum

Mechanics

I. Antoniou

CHAOS AND INNOVATION Research Unit

Mathematics Department

Aristotle University ,

54124 Thessaloniki, Greece

iantonio@math.auth.gr

3rd International Workshop on

Pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonians in Quantum Physics

• What is a Complex System?

Physico-Chemical Organization

Life

Brain-Mind

Socio-economic structures

Communication Networks

WWW

Complexity emerges in Open Systems Far From Equilibrium ?

Poincare, De Donder, Schroedinger

indicated the need

to extend thermodynamics

to Open Systems Far From Equilibrium.

Open Systems may receive Information

communicating with their Εnvironment.

Entropy S becomes the sum of

Internal Entropy SI and Entropy “Flow” SF

S = SI + SF

ΔS = ΔSI + ΔSF

ΔSI ≥ 0 the Internal Entropy (2nd Law)

Complex networks

Social networks

Web of Knowledge

What are the qualifying Features of Complex Systems? 1) Far From Thermodynamic Equilibrium Structures [Ilya Prigogine]

Complex Structures Self-Organize Dissipating Energy and/or Information!

2) Innovation

Complex Processes ⇔ Emergence-Creation of New Information

at each Stage Internal Time-Age Operator

Complex Processes are not boring !

3) Robustness

Complex Processes ⇔ Structurally Stable Processes

Why Complex Processes emerged in Nature !

4) High Interdependence of the Constituent Units

There is no constructive Way to represent the system

in terms of disentangled fragmented independent components

You cannot divide and conquer !

5) Distributed Non Local Processing

How to describe

Interdependence?

Graphs and Networks

The Structure of Complex Systems

Distributed Processing

Network

2

4

3 1

1.2

2.1

0.2

0.5

Links

Nodes

The weight distribution defines

Network Function

How many nodes are linked with k nodes

Crystals: The simplest netwotks

Telephone Networks are not Regular

Renyi, Erdos 1960

PSTN

(Public Switched Telephone Network)

Random Networks

The Networks of Life

Are neither Regular nor Random!

Prigogine 1980

From Being to Becoming

Life operates between

The perfect predictable Crystals

and

The meaningless structuress Randomness

Study concrete Life Networks to identify

their qualifying features

The Networks of Life

!

2 new Networks were discovered!

-Small Worlds

Social Nets

Εpilepsy

Synchronization of Fireflies

[Strogats, Watts 1998]

-Self-Similar,Scale-Free Networks

WWW

[Barabasi,Albert 1999]

Small Worlds

Small Communication Pathways

Six Degrees of Separation

John Guare wrote the play

Six Degrees of Separation,

based on this concept.

Milgram (1967)

“Everybody on this planet is separated by only six other people. Six degrees of

separation. Between us and everybody else on this planet. The president of the United

States. A gondolier in Venice… It’s not just the big names. It’s anyone. A native in a rain

forest. A Tierra del Fuegan. An Eskimo. I am bound to everyone on this planet by a trail

of six people…”

Robert

Sternberg Mike

Tarr

Kentaro

Toyama Allan

Wagner ?

Small Worlds Distribution

Self-Similar Networks Αναξαγοπαρ:

“αρχας των οντων ομοιομεπειαρ απεφηνατο” [Αετιος, DK 59A46]

Emelard tablet Alchemy:

«As above so below»

P(k) ~ k−γ Power Law

World-Wide Web power law

P(k) ~ k−γ

as Fractals

Real self-simlar networks Friendships (Moody J., 2001)

Sexual

Potterat et al (2002)

Web) Airlines

Terrorists

Brain-Web analogy Brain as distributed Complex system (Web)

Web of Documents

• Analogy : a global file system • Primary objects : documents • Links between: documents (or sub-parts of) • Degree of structure in objects: fairly low • Semantics of content and links: implicit • Designed for: human consumption

Web 2.0

• Wikis • Blogs • Flickr • YouTube • MySpace • Facebook

Web 2.0

Web 2.0

DRAWBACKS : • No data integration.

• Impossible to run queries in multiple data sources . e.g. which diseases are related to the heart AND have a prevalence

>2% AND in 2010 there where >100 publications about them.

25

What is the Problem?

Consider a typical web page: Markup consists of:

rendering

information (e.g.,

font size and

colour)

Hyper-links to

related content

Semantic content is

accessible to humans

but not (easily) to

computers…

Openness

Inter- operability

Semantic Processing

the Engineering solution of Nature for

managing Complexity

Open Knowledge Transfer

The unified open knowledge

The Vision of Encyclopaedists

Αristotle 384-322 BC

Denis Diderot

1713-1784

Jean-Baptiste

le Rond d'Alembert

1717 –1783

Mikhail Lomonosov 1711 –1765

Open Knowledge

Libetation of Intuition

Bringing people together

for max mutual benefit

Help us give meaning to our Life

OKFN the universal catalyst

in the Planetary Transmutation

Psycho-Cybernetics