antebellum reform movements
Post on 24-Feb-2016
36 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Antebellum Reform Movements
Change in the 19th Century
Nationalism & Romanticism• Expression of inner spirit• Connection to nature• New ideas about American identity
Hudson River School – Thomas Cole
Hudson River School – Thomas Cole
Winslow Homer
Charles Bulfinch
American Literature & American Identity
• James Fenimore Cooper “Leatherstocking Tales” Last of the Mohicans
• Walt Whitman – poet of America• Washington Irving• Herman Melville – Moby Dick• Edgar Allen Poe – “The Raven”• Henry Longfellow
Transcendentalism
• Philosophical & social movement influenced by romanticism and focusing on nature, reason, and understanding.
• Concord, MA• Ralph Waldo Emerson – “Nature, “ “Self-Reliance”• Henry David Thoreau - Walden• Margaret Fuller – finding self through reform• Theodore Parker
Utopian Communities• Brook Farm – transcendentalism
• George Ripley founder
• New Harmony• Robert Owen – founded – “Village of Cooperation”
• Oneida Community• John Humphrey Noyes – Perfectionists; children raised
communally, no marriage, liberation of women from male lust
• Shakers• “Mother” Ann Lee – founder – unique religious ritual,
commitment to complete celibacy, more women than men, controlled contact b/t men and woman, equality, social discipline.
Oneida Community
“Mother” Ann Lee
Mormons• Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints• John Smith• Book of Mormon• Followers persecuted across the Northwest for radical
religious doctrines including polygamy and secrecy• Nouvoo, Illinois – large Mormon community with
private army• 1844 Smith was killed by an angry mob in Illinois• Brigham Young led the group (12,000) to Utah
Revivalism
•Part of the Second Great Awakening• Every individual was capable of salvation•Reform through the Protestant church• “Burned-over district” in New York
Temperance Crusade
• Excessive use of alcohol targeted–Burden on wives–Abuse of wives and children
• Movement was dominated by women• Promote moral self-improvement and discipline• Protestants v. Catholics• Nativism
Reforming Education
–Reforming Education•Horace Mann – protect democracy• Expansion of public education•Perkins School for the Blind• Education for social order – McGuffey’s
Readers•Noah Webster
Prison & Hospital Reform
• Early 19th Century Jails – criminals, debtors, mentally ill, senile paupers• Asylums and Penitentiary (from the word
penitence)– reform and rehabilitate the inhabitants and • Dorothea Dix – national movement for new
methods of treating the mentally ill• Orphanage reform• Almshouses and workhouses
Feminism
• Sarah & Angelina Grimké• Catharine Beecher• Harriet Beecher Stowe• Lucretia Mott• Elizabeth Cady Stanton• Dorothea Dix• Elizabeth Blackwell• Amelia Bloomer
Abolitionism
– American Colonization Society• Gradual manumission with compensation of masters• Settlement of Liberia
William Lloyd Garrison
• Liberator newspaper• Focus on damage to blacks• Immediate, unconditional, universal
abolition•African Americans – all rights of
American citizenship•American Antislavery Society
Black Abolitionists
•David Walker•Sojourner Truth•Frederick Douglass
Moderates v. Extremists
Amistad Case
Liberty Party
– Free Soiler party– Antislavery did not always = abolitionism
top related