andrew minister, project manager soviet-designed reactor safety program
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IG0011013.1
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Andrew Minister, Project ManagerAndrew Minister, Project ManagerSoviet-Designed Reactor Safety ProgramSoviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program
““Fire Safety Analysis Methods at Russian Nuclear Power Plants”Fire Safety Analysis Methods at Russian Nuclear Power Plants”December 2000December 2000
U.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of EnergyInternational Nuclear Safety ProgramInternational Nuclear Safety Program
IG0011013.2
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety ProgramSoviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program
Problems:Problems:• Inadequate operating procedures Inadequate operating procedures
and trainingand training
• Design deficienciesDesign deficiencies
• Lack of infrastructure to sustain Lack of infrastructure to sustain safe operationsafe operation
• Weak regulatory authorityWeak regulatory authority
Percent of Electricity from Nuclear Power (1999)
80
60
40
20
0Russia Czech
RepublicUkraineBulgariaHungary Slovakia Lithuania
1421
474438
47
73
Armenia
36
0.15
KazakhstanIG00050105/5/00
BeringSea
Sea of Okhotsk
Bilibino
(EAST) RUSSIA
Legend
VVER-440/230VVER-440/213VVER-1000RBMKBN-350BN-600LWGR-12
Smolensk
Kola
Leningrad
Kalinin
Khmelnytskyy
South UkraineZaporizhzhya
Dukovany
BalakovoKursk
Novovoronezh
Kozloduy
Paks
Black Sea CaspianSea
MediterraneanSea
AtlanticOcean Baltic
Sea
Chornobyl
RivneBohunice
Armenia
TURKMENISTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
ARMENIA
GEORGIA
TURKEY
BULGARIA
UKRAINE
ROMANIAITALY
GERMANYPOLAND BELARUS
LATVIA
SLOVAKIA
CZECHREP.
LITHUANIA
RUSSIA
FINLAND
SWEDEN
NORWAY
Beloyarsk
Aktau
Ignalina
HUNGARY
Moscow
Mochovce
IG0011013.3
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Soviet-Designed-Reactor SafetySoviet-Designed-Reactor Safety
• ApproachApproach – Provide training, technology, and physical Provide training, technology, and physical
improvements at selected lead plantsimprovements at selected lead plants
– Conduct projects in a fashion that enables host Conduct projects in a fashion that enables host countries to extend improvements independentlycountries to extend improvements independently
– Seek to establish a strong, indigenous nuclear safety Seek to establish a strong, indigenous nuclear safety culture in each host country by example and by culture in each host country by example and by exposure to International nuclear safety practicesexposure to International nuclear safety practices
– To help develop strong, independent regulatory bodies To help develop strong, independent regulatory bodies with the capabilities to regulate nuclear activities.with the capabilities to regulate nuclear activities.
IG0011013.4
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Engineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology
• Reduce risks by physically upgrading the Reduce risks by physically upgrading the safety systems of nuclear power plantssafety systems of nuclear power plants
• Projects organized into Projects organized into
– Safety parameter display systems Safety parameter display systems
– Safety system equipmentSafety system equipment
– Fire safetyFire safety
IG0011013.5
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Engineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology
• Fire SafetyFire Safety
– Transfer tools, equipment, and training to reduce Transfer tools, equipment, and training to reduce fire risksfire risks
– Equipment provided includesEquipment provided includes• Fire rated doors and framesFire rated doors and frames• Fire Barrier penetration seals Fire Barrier penetration seals • Non-flammable floor coating and sealantNon-flammable floor coating and sealant• Fire detection and alarm systemsFire detection and alarm systems• Protective gear for fire fightersProtective gear for fire fighters• Hose nozzlesHose nozzles
– Projects under way in Armenia, Ukraine, Russia, Projects under way in Armenia, Ukraine, Russia, and Bulgariaand Bulgaria
Desnagorsk Fire Station fireman
IG0011013.6
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Engineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology
Fire-retardant material "Promatec" coats Fire-retardant material "Promatec" coats cables and seals floor penetrationcables and seals floor penetration
Fire door manufactured at the Fire door manufactured at the Atomremmash plantAtomremmash plant
IG0011013.7
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Engineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology
Fire-resistant floors in the reactor buildingFire-resistant floors in the reactor building
IG0011013.8
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Engineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology
Fire Safety – Fire Hazards AnalysisFire Safety – Fire Hazards Analysis
• Identify the most dangerous fire risks that could Identify the most dangerous fire risks that could damage safety systems needed to safely shut down damage safety systems needed to safely shut down the reactorthe reactor
– Safe-shutdown analysis methodology meeting international Safe-shutdown analysis methodology meeting international standards developed for Soviet-designed reactors.standards developed for Soviet-designed reactors.
– Reactor Core Protection Evaluation Methodology for Fires at Reactor Core Protection Evaluation Methodology for Fires at RBMK and VVER Nuclear Power Plants RBMK and VVER Nuclear Power Plants
– Russian and Ukrainian specialists trained on safe-shutdown Russian and Ukrainian specialists trained on safe-shutdown analysis methodsanalysis methods
– Safe-shutdown analyses in progressSafe-shutdown analyses in progress• Smolensk Unit 3, Russia Smolensk Unit 3, Russia • Zaporizhzhya Unit 5, UkraineZaporizhzhya Unit 5, Ukraine
IG0011013.9
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
IG0011013.10
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Fire Hazards Analysis MethodologyFire Hazards Analysis Methodology
• ObjectivesObjectives
– Systematically Evaluate the Safety Systematically Evaluate the Safety Significance of Fires Significance of Fires
– Identify and prioritize the areas for Identify and prioritize the areas for Safety Upgrades Safety Upgrades
– Identify and Evaluate Alternative FixesIdentify and Evaluate Alternative Fixes
IG0011013.11
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Fire Hazards Analysis MethodologyFire Hazards Analysis Methodology
• Screening Evaluation Screening Evaluation
– Based on “Reactor Core Protection Based on “Reactor Core Protection Evaluation Methodology” RCPEM (DOE/NE-Evaluation Methodology” RCPEM (DOE/NE-0113 Rev-1)0113 Rev-1)
– Detailed EvaluationDetailed Evaluation• Based on Room Specific Fire Impact Based on Room Specific Fire Impact
Evaluation on Safe Shutdown SystemsEvaluation on Safe Shutdown Systems
IG0011013.12
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Deterministic Evaluation (RCPEM)Deterministic Evaluation (RCPEM)
• Define Safe Shutdown SystemsDefine Safe Shutdown Systems• Identify Safety Related Equipment/CablesIdentify Safety Related Equipment/Cables• Identify Fire Compartment/Cells and Fire Identify Fire Compartment/Cells and Fire
Protection FeaturesProtection Features• Collect Cable Routing and Equipment Collect Cable Routing and Equipment
Location DataLocation Data• Develop Computerized Data Base (Access)Develop Computerized Data Base (Access)• Identify Fire Compartment/Cells Impacting Identify Fire Compartment/Cells Impacting
More Than One Shutdown PathMore Than One Shutdown Path
IG0011013.13
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Determine Fire-Caused Initiating EventsDetermine Fire-Caused Initiating Events
• Determine Fire Caused Initiating EventsDetermine Fire Caused Initiating Events
• Determine Impact of Fire Compartment/Cell Determine Impact of Fire Compartment/Cell on Individual Safe Shutdown Equipmenton Individual Safe Shutdown Equipment
• Develop Dependency Matrices Illustrating Develop Dependency Matrices Illustrating System DependenciesSystem Dependencies
• Develop/Modify the System models to Develop/Modify the System models to account for Fire Impact including the related account for Fire Impact including the related Human ActionsHuman Actions
• Identify the Success paths to Safe Shutdown Identify the Success paths to Safe Shutdown and the associated Success Probabilitiesand the associated Success Probabilities
IG0011013.14
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Smolensk Unit-3Smolensk Unit-3
• RBMK-1000RBMK-1000
• VNIIAES - Primary ContractorVNIIAES - Primary Contractor
• Fire Hazards Analysis Completed – Fire Hazards Analysis Completed – December 2000December 2000
• Potential Vulnerabilities IdentifiedPotential Vulnerabilities Identified
• Corrective Action Plans Being Developed Corrective Action Plans Being Developed
IG0011013.15
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Zaporizhzhya Unit-5Zaporizhzhya Unit-5
• VVER-1000VVER-1000
• Ukraine: Kiev-ENERGOPROJECTUkraine: Kiev-ENERGOPROJECT
• Have finished Data Collection, Cable Routing, Have finished Data Collection, Cable Routing, and Fire Compartment/Cell Evaluationand Fire Compartment/Cell Evaluation
• Currently entering plant data into Currently entering plant data into computerized database (ACCESS)computerized database (ACCESS)
• Deterministic Analysis will be Completed by Deterministic Analysis will be Completed by June 2001June 2001
IG0011013.16
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
U.S. Participants in SmolenskU.S. Participants in SmolenskSafe Shutdown Analysis Safe Shutdown Analysis
• Grigory Trosman (DOE)Grigory Trosman (DOE)
• Rich Denning (PNNL)Rich Denning (PNNL)
• Andy Minister (PNNL)Andy Minister (PNNL)
• Ali Azarm (BNL)Ali Azarm (BNL)
• Bob Kalantari (EPM)Bob Kalantari (EPM)
• Mike Archdeacon (Bechtel)Mike Archdeacon (Bechtel)
IG0011013.17
International Nuclear Safety and Cooperation• DEPART
MENT OF ENER
GY
•UNITED
STATES OFAM
ERICA
Conclusions Conclusions
• Where do we go from here?Where do we go from here?– Implement improvements identified by the fire hazards
analysis– Apply fire hazards analysis techniques to other RBMK
and VVER reactors
• How can you work to improve the How can you work to improve the safety of your reactors?safety of your reactors?– Openly interact with the workshop participants to
discuss fire safety issues at your NPPs– Identify fire safety issues to your management and
regulators to get them addressed
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