and working slovakia - amministrazione provinciale...8 applying for a job applying for a job job...
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www.eures.sk
www.eures.europa.eu
LIVING and Working in SLOVAKIA
Slovakia
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Slovakia Basic data
Official name: Slovak Republic
Date of inception of the Republic: 1. 1. 1993
Form of statehood: Republic
Political system: Parliamentary democracy
Regional cities:
Bratislava, Trnava, Nitra, Trenčín, Žilina, Banská Bystrica, Prešov,
Košice
Official language: Slovak
Capital: Bratislava
Neighbouring countries:
Czech Republic, Republic of Poland, Ukraine, Republic of Hungary,
Austria
Area: 49 035 km2
Population: 5 415 459
Density: 109/km2
Nationalities:
Slovak (85.8 %), Hungarian (9.7 %), Romany (1.7 %), Czech (0.8 %),
Ruthenian, Ukrainian, Russian, German, Polish and others (2 %)
Currency: Euro
Membership of international organizations:
EU, NATO , OSN, UNESCO , OECD, OBSE, CERN, WHO,
INTERPOL, etc.
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Working in Slovakia
Who can work in Slovakia?In the Member Countries of the European Economic Area (EEA) the free
movement of workers is a fundamental right which permits nationals of one
EEA country to work in another EEA country under the same conditions as that
member state’s own citizens.
Citizens from an EU/EEA country are not required to have any permit and
no restrictions are applied to them when they enter the labour market of the
Slovak Republic.
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Registration proceduresAs an EU national, you have the right to stay in another EU country. If you stay in
Slovakia for less than 3 months, all you need is a valid identity card or passport.
If an EU national intends to stay in Slovakia for longer than 3 months, s/he
is required to declare the start and place of residence to the local immigration
police department within 10 working days from the date of entry to the Slovak
Republic (no longer then within 30 days after the expiry of the three months since
entering the country). The application is free-of-charge and should be made in
person, using the official form. Applicants should have a valid identity card or
travel document, 2 photographs (3x3,5 cm) and evidence of accommodation. An
EU citizen will obtain a residence permit valid for 5 years (a plastic card containig
also person’s identification number for administrative purposes). EU citizens have
the right to permanent residence once they have resided legally in the Slovak
Republic for a period of five years. Similarly, the relatives of citizens of EU/EEC
member states are also entitled to have their permanent residence in Slovakia.
If an EU citizen starts/ends employment in Slovakia, her/his new employer is
required to pass this information to the local Office of Labour, Social Affairs and
Family within 7 days from a starting date/termination of the contract.
Transitional measuresSince the accession to the EU in 2004, Slovakia does not apply any transitional
rules (no work permit is needed) towards other member states concerning free
movement of workers. This means that a citizen of an EU/EEC member state and
her/his family member have the same rights and obligations as Slovak citizens.
Finding a job in Slovakia
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How to find a jobWhen choosing an occupation, it is recommended that you consider what jobs
are realistically available on the labour market, taking all your qualifications and
practical skills into account. In many cases, your success will depend on a variety
of formal and informal recommendations that can be provided by your former
employers and, possibly, by your relatives and friends. After considering all of
these factors, you should choose your job search strategy. You can choose from
the following options:
> search for job opportunities online – you can visit websites of government
agencies or private portals posting jobs both in Slovakia and abroad. On some
of these websites you may register your CV or create an individual profile
showing your potential for the labour market,
> search through job advertisements in print media – daily and weekly
newspapers, various regional newspapers and also magazines advertising a
range of jobs in various branches,
> contact PES – Public Employment Services (Office of Labour, Social Affairs and
Family in Slovakia) and search for job opportunities in its database. You may
also contact EURES centres organized within the PES where they will assist
you with finding a job,
> contact Private Employment Services – personal agencies/job mediation
agencies,
> send out general job applications to any company of interest – you should
also make a folow-up call to the company,
> turn up in person at companies to ask for a job.
>> Useful websites:www.eures.sk, www.upsvar.sk, www.employment.gov.sk,
www.profesia.sk, www.kariera.sk, www.trhprace.sk, www.istp.sk,
www.mojapraca.sk, www.grafton.sk, www.globium.sk
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Services of the EURES network in SlovakiaEURES network in Slovakia can provide you with information about the labour
market, how to apply for jobs and about working and living conditions. In Slovakia
EURES is part of the Public Employment Services. You can find the contact details
on www.eures.sk or on www.eures.europa.eu.
Language skillsUsually, knowledge of Slovak language is a prerequisite for obtaining a job in
Slovakia, although in some professions a good command of English/German
may suffice e.g. high management positions, language teachers, etc. English and
German are mostly used, Hungarian and Polish are spoken in close-border areas
and Czech language is very close to Slovak so we can easy understand each other.
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Job applicationA job application is usually submitted in the form of a letter, to which a Curriculum
Vitae (CV) must be attached, along with copies of any documents specifically
required by the employer, e.g. of education, training, special courses and/or skills
and knowledge. Some advertised offers require the submission of a motivation
letter and a photograph. Job application must comprise following particulars:
> Address of the sender
> Address of the recipient (employer, agency, etc.)
> Date and place of writing the application
> Purpose of the application
> Addressing the recipient
> Text, including the source of your information about the vacancy, data of
professional career, qualification and skills of importance regarding the job
concerned, reason for which you submit the application, acceptable date of
commencing work and a request for invitation to an interview
> Greeting
> Signature
> List of enclosures
Motivation letterIn motivation letter the applicant responds to a specific job offer or advertisement.
The letter must clearly show that the applicant understood the offer, the nature
of the position and the employer´s requirements. The applicant should respond
to all aspects of the advertisement, thereby providing a kind of a feedback to the
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employer. The motivation letter should make clear why the applicant is interested
in the job and why s/he considers himself/herself to be an interesting candidate
for the employer, specifying those qualifications and experience that predestined
him/her for the job. Pay attention to the formal style, quality of expression and
correct spelling. Avoid phrases and statements which do not have any informative
value. The application should be persuasive and is meant to arouse interest in a
personal meeting. It should be no longer than one sheet of A4 paper.
The Curriculum VitaeA Curriculum Vitae (CV) is used in all cases, comprising personal data, information
about education, professional experience, language and other skills, as well as
about personal interests of the applicant. The CV must show the location and
date, along with the applicant’s signature. The curriculum vitae should be clear
and cogent, providing complete information about experience and skills (in
contents, form and style). Untrue information should always be avoided.
>> Useful webpages, including examples of a CV:www.eures.sk, www.cvonline.sk, www.europass.cedefop.europa.eu
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The employment contractEmployment is established in the form of a written employment contract
concluded between an employer and employee based on the Labour Code.
A valid employment contract must be concluded no later than the start of
employment (first day of work). The employer is required to provide a written
copy of the contract to the employee. The employment contract serves as a proof
that both parties agreed upon the following main characteristics of the job:
> Job description
> Place of work (the location and the organisational unit or otherwise specified
premises)
> Date of commencement of employment
> Wage conditions, unless agreed in a collective agreement
In the employment contract the employer must also state other terms and
conditions, including pay days, working time, length of holidays and the period
for giving notice. The contract may also specify other terms and conditions
that the parties wish to include, particularly on bonuses or incentives. Once
concluded, the contents of the contract of employment may be changed only
by mutual agreement of both parties. Any change of the contract must be made
out in writing.
TaxesThe tax year is the calendar year.
Income tax rate in Slovakia is progressive, i.e. depends on the amount of income
of a taxpayer:
Commencement taxation and insurance contributions
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> Individuals
The tax base not exceeding 176.8 times the current minimum subsistence
amount will be subject to 19% tax rate. Excess of the tax base will taxed at 25%
tax rate.
> Legal entities:
Tax rate of the tax base reduced by the tax loss – 23%.
Value added tax (VAT) is governed by Act No 222/2004 on value added tax, as
amended.
Consumption is taxed by means of VAT.
Basic VAT rate – 20%
Reduced VAT rate – 10% – medicinal and medical products, books
Deadline for filing tax returns and paying the tax is up to 31 March of a calendar
year following the year in which the income was achieved. This period may be
extended for 3 months upon written notification to the tax office, if the part of the
taxpayer’s income is an income from the sources abroad.
>> Useful webpages:www.finance.gov.sk, www.drsr.sk
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Social securityThe obligation to contribute to social insurance is a legal obligation. The social
insurance system consists of five separate insurance systems that are carried out
by the Social Insurance Agency:
> sickness insurance,
> pension insurance – old age and disability insurance,
> accident insurance (Insurance for Industrial and Work-related Injuries),
> wage-guarantee insurance,
> unemployment insurance.
However, a system of voluntary insurance also exists in addition to the mandatory
insurance in sickness insurance, pension insurance and unemployment insurance.
The philosophy of the legislation concerning the social insurance system is based
on a combination of the merit principle, the personal responsibility principle and
the personal participation principle of the insured in the creation of resources and
an adequate degree of solidarity.
The following deductions are made from an employee’s gross monthly wage:
Health insurance 4 %
Sickness insurance 1.4 %
Old age benefit insurance 4 %
Disability insurance 3 %
Unemployment insurance 1 %
Total: 13.4 %
>> Useful webpages:www.employment.gov.sk, www.socpoist.sk
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Transferring your social security entitlementsIf your social security situation involves more than one EU country, Iceland,
Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland, the following practical tips may help you
deal with your claims.
Most data is exchanged directly between social security institutions. However, in
certain cases you will need a “portable document” (what was previously called
an E-form) to certify your situation when moving. A portable document is usually
issued by your social security institution upon your request. It is recommended
to request it before leaving. However, if you haven’t, the institution in the country
where you are moving will obtain the necessary data directly from the institution
where you are insured.
Sickness benefitsAn employee is entitled to a sickness benefit when temporarily unable to work
or placed in quarantine following an illness or accident (both cases are treated as
temporary incapacity).
Income replacement
These payments (“income replacement”) are financed by the employer during
the first 10 calendar days of the employee’s illness. The amount of income
replacement (only for employees) is calculated on the basis of a reference period
and daily assessment basis, which are defined in the same way as for sickness
benefit. The income replacement is:
> 25% of the daily assessment basis for the first three days of temporary
incapacity;
> 55% of the daily assessment basis thereafter.
A higher income replacement can be paid when required by a collective
agreement concluded in accordance with current legislation, but cannot exceed
80% of the daily assessment basis.
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Sickness benefit
This entitlement begins on the eleventh day of temporary incapacity and
ends on the day after the temporary incapacity ceases. In no case, however, can
this benefit be paid for more than 52 weeks from the onset of the temporary
incapacity.
Self-employed persons mandatorily affiliated to the health insurance scheme
and voluntary contributors are also entitled to sickness benefit if they are assessed
as temporarily unable to work and have at least 270 days of insurance in the two
years before the onset of the incapacity.
Employees receive a sickness benefit equal to 55% of their basic daily pay
for seven days a week. Self-employed individuals who are mandatory members,
together with voluntarily insured persons, receive a sickness benefit for seven days
a week (25% of their daily assessment basis for the first 3 days, 55% thereafter).
UnemploymentUnemployed persons can receive unemployment benefit if they have paid
unemployment insurance contributions for at least two of the three years
preceding their registration as jobseekers.
Unemployment benefit is paid for a maximum of six months.
Persons who had been employed on a fixed-term contract which has run out can
receive unemployment benefit if in the four years before registering as jobseekers
they:
> had paid unemployment insurance contributions in the context of their
fixed-term contract (or had contributed voluntarily to the unemployment
insurances scheme) for at least two years;
> have not been required to subscribe to unemployment insurance for any
other reason.
In this case, the benefit can be paid for up to four months.
Provided that all the eligibility criteria are met, the beneficiary will receive an
allowance equal to 50% of the daily assessment basis. The benefit is disbursed by
the Social Insurance Agency.
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Child benefitChild benefit is a flat-rate allowance, unrelated to the family income or the age
or number of the children. It is paid monthly for each dependent child, without
restriction or limit. The amount of the benefit is adjusted on 1 January each year.
Child benefit is paid until the completion of compulsory education, currently 16
years of age. This can be extended to age 25 if a child is in full-time education
or vocational training and has no income of his/her own. When a child has
a long-term health problem that makes him/her unable to engage in full-time
study or training, the benefit is paid until age 18.
PensionsPension insurance in Slovakia is based on three pillars. First and (in general)
second pillar is mandatory, while the third is optional. An insured person is
entitled to an old-age pension under the mandatory social insurance system if
s/he has at least 15 years of insurance and reached retirement age. At present,
the statutory retirement age is 62 for both men and women, but from 2017
onwards it will gradually increase depending on the growth of life expectancy.
There is no statutory minimum or maximum for the state pension. The beneficiary
must submit a written application, with all the supporting documents required,
to the local Social Insurance Agency office.
>> Useful webpages:www.employment.gov.sk, www.socpoist.sk, www.upsvar.sk
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Life in
Slovakia Life in
Slovakia
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AccommodationShort-term accommodation can be found in hotels, guest houses, motels, campsites,
holiday cottages or chalets, but also in private houses offering short-term rental
accommodation. For a long-term accommodation the possible options are either to
rent or to buy a house or flat. There are also various fixed or variable costs associated
with housing, i.e. payments for heating, electricity, water, sewage, property
insurance, concession fees, waste removal, rent (if renting) and also membership
fees for housing cooperatives or housing administration companies. Compared
with Bratislava, all forms of accommodation are cheaper in small towns and in the
country. If you decide to buy a property, it is advisable to consult a lawyer or use the
services of a real estate agency. This way you will avoid any unnecessary risks.
Educational systemCompulsory school attendance defined by the Slovak education system lasts 10
years. It normally starts at the beginning of the school year following the date
when a child turns 6.
Basic types of schools:
> nursery schools (3-6 years)
> primary schools (6-15 years)
> secondary schools (15-19 years)
> universities (from 19 years)
These schools may be state, private or church schools, but they all provide
education of equal standard.
>> Useful webpages:www.reality.sk, www.ubytujsa.sk, www.topreality.sk, www.skreality.sk
>> Useful webpages:www.education.gov.sk
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TransportThe public transport system in Slovakia is performed by system of buses, trains,
trolleybuses, tramways or taxis. There is no underground, tramways operate
in Bratislava and Košice. Trolleybuses operate in Bratislava, Prešov, Košice and
Banská Bystrica. City and outskirt train lines and bus lines provide the connection
among all cities and villages. Regular rail and train lines facilitate the transport of
passengers beyond the Slovakian borders to Vienna, London, Budapest, Prague,
etc. Slovakia drives on the right. The maximum speed limit in urban areas is
50 km/h, outside urban areas the speed limit is 90 km/h and on the motorways
it is 130 km/h. Taxi service is available in every town. Car hire and taxi companies
can be found in the Yellow Pages. There are 2 international airports in Slovakia – in
Bratislava (the capital city) and Košice. You can also use nearby airports in Vienna
(60 km from Bratislava), Budapest (220 km from Bratislava, 260 km from Košice)
and Prague (350 km from Bratislava).
Universal postal services, both domestic and international, are provided by
Slovenská pošta (Slovak Post). The largest telecommunications service providers
in Slovakia are Slovak Telecom and the mobile network operators Orange,
Telekom and Telefónica O2.
>> Useful webpages:www.education.gov.sk
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ShoppingShops are open usually from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., though e.g. groceries and
butcher shops, etc. from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. They are usually closed on Sundays
and holidays. Big supermarkets and hypermarkets are open from 6.00 a.m. to 9.00
p.m., or even non-stop.
Cultural and social lifeSlovak cultural and social life is very rich and diverse. It is influenced by various
traditions and customs passed from generation to generation and still surviving
today. Numerous social and cultural events and activities take place in every town
and village. People gather to enjoy themselves, meet one another and talk and,
of course, enjoy cultural events. Information about social and cultural events and
various other activities can be found on the internet, in newspapers, on television
and in tourist information or community centres. The most popular sports are
football, cycling, water sports and more recently also golf. Skiing is a popular
winter sport.
>> Useful webpages:www.culture.gov.sk
Brochure is financed from EURES Grant 2013/2014
>> Useful websites:
www.eures.sk EURES in Slovakia
www.upsvar.sk Central Office of Labour, Social Affairs and Family
www.employment.gov.sk Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Family
www.minv.sk Ministry of Interior Affairs
www.foreign.gov.sk Ministry of Foreign Affairs
www.health.gov.sk Ministry of Public Health
www.education.gov.sk Ministry of Education
www.slovensko.com Your guide to Slovakia
www.slovakspectator.sk Slovak news in English
>> The most important phone numbers in Slovakia
158 Police
150 Fire brigade
155 Ambulance
112 SOS emergency call
1181 Information on phone numbers in Slovakia
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