ancient notebook - israel and rome -...

Section 1: The Early Hebrews

1. Summarize the Beginnings in Canaan and Egypt:

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_____________________________________________________2. Who led the Hebrews out of Mesopotamia? __________________3. After they lived in Canaan, where did they live? _______________4. Why was the pharaoh worried about the Hebrews?

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_____________________________________________________5. Who led the Hebrews out of Egypt? ________________________6. What is this called? _____________________________________7. What happened when the pharaoh refused to let the Hebrews go?

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_____________________________________________________8. What did Moses find on Mt. Sinai? _________________________

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9. How long did the Hebrews wander in the desert? ______________

10. What did the Hebrews become known as after they settled in

Canaan? _______________________________________________

11. How or where did the Israelites live? _______________________

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12. Who began to threaten the Israelites?

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13. Why did the Israelites band together? And who was their leader?

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14. Describe their first king? _________________________________

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15. How was their next king different, and what was his name?

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16. What city was captured under his rule? _____________________

17. Who was the next king?

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18. Who did he make his allies? ______________________________

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19. What did Solomon do with the wealth that was gained from trade?

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20. What happened after Solomon’s death?

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21. What were the names of the two kingdoms? _________________

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22. What happened to these kingdoms in 722 BC?

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23. Who destroyed Solomon’s temple and when?

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24. Explain the Babylon Captivity.

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25. What does the term “Diaspora” mean? ______________________

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26. Who conquered the Jews next? ___________________________

27. Who were the Maccabees and what did they do?

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28. Who captured the Jews in 63 BC? _________________________

29. Describe their time under Roman law?

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30. Describe how women were treated in Hebrew Society.

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Map:

Timeline:

2000 BC 1000 BC 930 BC

Moses leads the Hebrews on the Exodus out of slavery in Egypt

Saul becomes first king of Israel

Solomon becomes king and builds a temple

Section 2

Jewish Beliefs and Texts

1. Define monotheism -

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2. How were Jewish people different from other ancient people?

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3. The Jewish people had three core beliefs (in your book they are red); list

them and write a brief summary of each:

Belief in ____________________________ -

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Belief in ___________________________ -

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Belief in ___________________________ -

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5. What is contained in the Torah?

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6. How do readers show respect to the Torah?

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7. Where do the Jewish people worship? _______________________________

8. What makes up the second part of the Hebrew Bible?

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9. What makes up the third part of the Hebrew Bible?

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10. What is the Talmud? ____________________________________________

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11. What are the Dead Sea Scrolls and explain why they are important?

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12. Summarize the section on Judaism and Later Cultures:

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Section 3

Judaism over the Centuries1. Who were the zealots? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Why did they refuse to obey the Roman officials? __________________________________________________________________________________________________3. When did they revolt, how long did it last, and what was the result? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. What was the Masada and what happened there? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. What were the results of the revolt? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. When was the second revolt, and what happened because of it? ______________________________________________________________________________________7. What were the results to the Jewish religion and traditions because of the migration and discrimination? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. What are the two different cultural traditions that developed and provide a brief description of them? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. Write a brief overview of Hanukkah, Passover and Yum Kippur: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Section One:

Geography and the Rise of Rome

1. Describe the geography of Italy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did people build cities on Italy’s hills? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What other geographic feature did people build cities near? ____________________4. Describe the climate. __________________________________________________5. Summarize the legend of Aeneas. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Summarize the legend of Romulus and Remus. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. When did Romulus take the throne? ______________________________________8. Who were the Etruscans? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. List some of their accomplishments. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. When did Rome become a republic? ____________________________________11. What is a Republic? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. Why is Rome NOT a democracy? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. What is a dictator? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________14. How did Rome keep the dictators from abusing power? ___________________________________________________________________________________________

15. Who is Cincinatus and what is his claim to fame? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16. What is a plebeian? __________________________________________________17. Who are the patricians? _______________________________________________18. What happened in 494 BC? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Map of Italy - 500 BC identify where the Romans, Etruscans, Greeks, Carthaginians lived:

Government and Society

Section Two1. What did the government do to calm the angry plebeians? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What was the result of this change? (they formed a new type of government) _____________________________________________________________________3. List the three parts of the government: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. How long did a consul serve? ___________________________________________5. How long did a senator serve? __________________________________________6. How many senators were there? ________________________________________7. Which branch protected the common people? ______________________________8. What does veto mean? ________________________________________________9. Why did people participate in their government? _________________________________________________________________________________________________10. Was everyone allowed to vote? _________________________________________11. Explain checks and balances in your own words. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. When were Rome’s laws first written down, where were they displayed? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. In your own words describe the Forum, be sure to include at least two buildings. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Late Republic

Section 3 1. How long did it take for the Roman army to to conquer nearly all of Italy? ________2. Why did Roman territory grow? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What is one reason for the Roman’s army success? ________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Explain what happened to farms and trade after the Roman’s army success? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. When were the Punic Wars? ____________________________________________6. Who fought in the Punic Wars? __________________________________________7. Who was the leader of Carthage army in 218 BC? ___________________________8. What did the Romans do to Carthage in 140 BC? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. During the Punic Wars, Rome also took control of: ________________________________________________________________________________________________10. What was surprising about the Romans victory over Greece? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. What did many leaders fear would happened between the rich and poor? ______________________________________________________________________12. What was Tiberius’ solution to help the poor in 133 BC? ___________________________________________________________________________________________13. What happened instead? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14 What did his brother do and what was his fate? __________________________________________________________________________________________________15. Who was allowed to join the army under consul, Marius, and why? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16. Why was the army more loyal to Marius instead of to Rome? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17. What is a civil war? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18. Who led thousands of slave to demand freedom? _________________________________________________________________________________________________19. What happened? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

From Republic to EmpireSection One

1. Describe Rome in the 70’s BC? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Who was Cicero? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. What did he want Romans to do, and who did he want to have limited power? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Why was he unsuccessful?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Who was (most likely) the greatest general in Roman history? ________________________________________________________________________________________6.Why did his soldiers respect him? _________________________________________7. When did he conquer almost of all Gaul? ___________________________________8. What attributes made Caesar a success in Roman politics? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9. With whom did he make an agreement before he went to Gaul? _____________________________________________________________ What did they agree to do? ______________________________________________________________________10. What changed his relationship with his allies? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________11. What was Caesar ordered to do in 50 BC? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________12.What did Caesar do? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. What happened to Pompey? ___________________________________________14. Who did Caesar marry? _______________________________________________

15. What did he do when he returned to Rome? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________16. Why were people afraid of Caesar? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________17. What date is the Ides of March and what happened on that fateful day? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________18. What happened to Caesar’s attackers? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________19. Who were the two leaders who emerged after Caesar’s death? ______________________________________________________________________________________20. What did they set out to do? ____________________________________________21. Where did Octavian go? _______________________________________________22. Where did Antony go and with whom did he fall in love? ___________________________________________________________________________________________23. Why did this enrage Octavian? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________24. What happened next? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________25. What name did Octavian take for himself, and why do historians consider this to be so significant? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A Vast Empire

Section Two1. What were the key reasons for the Roman Empire’s expansion? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What marks the territory between the Roman and non-Romans? ______________________________________________________________________3. Why did merchants travel all other the Roman empire? ______________________________________________________________________________________________4. List some of good that traders brought into Rome. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. What did the Romans use to pay for their goods? ____________________________6. What was the impact of using currency? ___________________________________7. What is the Pax Romana and when was it? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________8. What happened during the Pax Romana? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________9. Describe life in the city of Rome. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. Describe country life. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Map of the Roman Empire:

Rome’s Legacy Section 3

1. Why did Roman scientists study the stars? _______________________________2. Who was Galen, and how did he contribute to Roman society?

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3. How did the Romans make their durable roads? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is an aqueduct? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. What is a vault? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. What was Roman architect based on? _____________________________________7. What type of art are the Romans known for? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________8.Who wrote the Aeneid? _________________________________________________9. Who wrote poems about Roman mythology? ________________________________10. What was the language of the Romans and what type of languages came from it? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. What type of law is based on the Roman law code? _________________________12. Why is that significant? ________________________________________________

Religion in the Roman EmpireSection 1

1. Why did the Romans allow the people they conquered to keep their religious beliefs, what did this do to the Empire over time? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. When would the Romans ban a religion? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Discuss the two reasons that the Roman leaders banned Judaism. (actually explain it - do not list religious and political) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. In what religion do the roots of Christianity lie? ______________________________5. What did many Jews believe would happen, if they followed the strict religious laws? ______________________________________________________________________6. Who was the Messiah a descendent of? ___________________________________7. Who was the most famous prophet of these time? ____________________________

Origins of Christianity Section 2

1. What are the two parts of the Christian Bible and what is contained in them? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who is Jesus’ father? _________________________________________________3. When was Jesus arrested and why? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. What is crucifixion? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. What is the resurrection? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. How long did Jesus stay with his disciples? ________________________________7. What did early Christians think about the Resurrection? _____________________________________________________________________________________________8. What does the word “Christos” mean? _____________________________________ 9. List Jesus’ miracles. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. What is a parable? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. Why were Jesus’ parables so effective? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12. What two rules that were established in the Torah did Jesus emphasize? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13. Who did Jesus expect his followers to love? _______________________________14. What is ‘salvation?’ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15. What did Jesus teach about salvation? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________16. What is a ‘denomination?’ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________17. How many Apostles were there? ________________________________________18. Who became the leader after Jesus died? _________________________________19. Which group of people did he reach out to? ________________________________20. What are the gospels? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21. Who was Paul and what did do? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________22. What his background? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________23. Retell his conversion story. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________24. What is the trinity? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Map of Paul’s Journey:

The Early Christian World

Section 3

1. Why did Christianity spread so quickly? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who did the first Christians work to spread Jesus’ teachings to first? __________________________________________________________________

3. What is a ‘martyr?’ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Why was Christianity banned? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. What was a bishops role? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6. What was one of his most important duties? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________7. What do some churches call the Eucharist? _________________________________8. Who was the most honored of all bishops? _____________________________ and what is he called? _______________________________________________________9. Who Augustine? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10. Whose ideas did he apply he apply to Christian beliefs? ______________________11. Explain how the emperor Constantine became a Christian? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. What did he do after his conversion? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13. Who banned all non-Christian religious practices and when? ______________________________________________________________________

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Section 11. Why did emperors give up some of the land of the Roman Empire in the early

100’s? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Who started to invade the Roman’s northern borders? _______________________3. What were the struggles inside the empire?

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4. What did these struggles make the Roman people do? ___________________________________________________________________

5. What did Diocletian do to the empire and why? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________6. What did Constantine do shorty after (2 different things)? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. What happened in the late 300’s? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. Who were these invaders? ______________________________________________9. Who did the Huns invade who asked for help from the Romans? ________________ 10. What did the Romans do? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11. What was the result? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12. When was the city of Rome destroyed? ___________________________________

13. Who invaded Rome next and when? _____________________________________14. Which groups invaded Britain and Gaul? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________15. Who was the Frankish king who had built a huge kingdom in Gaul? _____________16. Who led the attacks in raids against Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and Northern Italy? ________________________ Why did he not go into southern Italy? _____________________________________________________________________17. Who ruled Rome in the 450’s? __________________________________________18. Why was this unfortunate? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19. What is the date of the END OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE? _____________________20. Summarize the many factors that led to fall of Rome. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Congratulations!! You have studied history from the earliest civilization that started between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to the Fall of Rome. You have learned and studied civilizations on 5 continents. Stay curious about your world and learn all that you can about the past.