ancient greece

1750 – 133 BCE

I. Geography Multi-Flow Map I. Geography Multi-Flow Map

Geography of Greece

Short mountain ranges cut up the mainland

No important rivers

Long, irregular coastline

No sense of unity

Cultural diversity

Encouraged fishing and trade of olive oil, wine, and marble

Phoenician alphabet spread

Colonized new lands

Separate city states

Surrounded by sea

II. Early GreeksII. Early Greeks

Developed on Crete- an island south of Developed on Crete- an island south of Greece in the Aegean SeaGreece in the Aegean Sea

Economy based on TRADEEconomy based on TRADE

Ruins of the Palace of King Minos at Knossos

Around this vase are hoplites (foot soldiers) on dolphins, showing the importance of seas

A. Minoan CivilizationA. Minoan Civilization

B. MyceneansB. Myceneans

Conquered mainland Greece and CreteConquered mainland Greece and Crete

Dominated Aegean tradeDominated Aegean trade

(MY SUH NEE UNZ)(MY SUH NEE UNZ)

The mask of Agamemnon comes from a grave that dates from around 1600 BCE. Myceneans sometimes put gold masks over significant peoples’ faces.

1. The Trojan War1. The Trojan War

1250 BCE1250 BCE

War over trade and control of the Bosporus War over trade and control of the Bosporus and Dardanelle straits and Dardanelle straits

Legend:Legend:– Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of

a Greek kinga Greek king– Greeks left a “Trojan Horse” filled with hidden Greeks left a “Trojan Horse” filled with hidden

warriorswarriors– Trojan brought it in and Greeks burned the city.Trojan brought it in and Greeks burned the city.

2. Homer2. Homer

Homer was a traveling poetHomer was a traveling poet

He wrote two great Epic poemsHe wrote two great Epic poems

– The IliadThe Iliad

– The OdysseyThe Odyssey

3. Changes in Warfare3. Changes in Warfare

Bronze weapons and tools replaced by ironBronze weapons and tools replaced by iron

Citizens could afford weaponsCitizens could afford weapons

Phalanx- a massive formation of heavily Phalanx- a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiersarmed foot soldiers

Mrs. Agosta’s dad when he was 8 dressed in a traditional Greek uniform.

4. Early Forms of Government4. Early Forms of GovernmentFlow MapFlow Map

Monarchy –

a king rules

Power shifted to

noble landowners

Aristocracy- landholders

rule

Oligarchy- small business

class rules

ATHENS ONLY

developed democracy- rule by the

people

III. The PolisIII. The Polis

A city-state built on two levelsA city-state built on two levels

1. Acropolis- high city1. Acropolis- high city

- temples - temples

2. Lower city- flatter ground2. Lower city- flatter ground

- market, theater, homes- market, theater, homes

A. AthensA. AthensStarted as a Started as a limited democracylimited democracy

- only male citizens could vote- only male citizens could vote

- Had a - Had a LegislatureLegislature- lawmaking body- lawmaking body - Council of 500 - Council of 500

– Only boys were educated if families could afford itOnly boys were educated if families could afford it

Athens

Solon’s reformsSolon’s reforms- expanded rights to more - expanded rights to more AtheniansAthenians

PericlesPericles- improved Athens from 460 to 429 - improved Athens from 460 to 429 BCEBCE– Direct democracy-Direct democracy- system of government in system of government in

which citizens directly vote on issues which citizens directly vote on issues – Encouraged the artsEncouraged the arts– Made Athens the cultural center of GreeceMade Athens the cultural center of Greece

B. SpartaB. Sparta

Military stateMilitary state

Government included:Government included:

2 kings2 kings

Council of eldersCouncil of elders

Assembly of all Assembly of all

male citizensmale citizens

Sparta

At age 7, boys began military trainingAt age 7, boys began military training

Sickly kids were abandonedSickly kids were abandoned

Girls were to produce healthy sons, Girls were to produce healthy sons,

were encouraged to exercisewere encouraged to exercise

C. Other City StatesC. Other City States

Corinth Corinth

DelphiDelphi

IV. Greek ReligionIV. Greek Religion

PolytheisticPolytheistic

Gods and goddesses lived on Mount OlympusGods and goddesses lived on Mount Olympus

Zeus was head of the godsZeus was head of the gods

V. Greek ConflictsV. Greek Conflicts

Greeks felt superior to non-Greeks Greeks felt superior to non-Greeks and called them and called them barbaroi barbaroi even even though they borrowed others’ ideas though they borrowed others’ ideas

(Eg. Phoenicians, Egyptians)(Eg. Phoenicians, Egyptians)

A. Persian WarsA. Persian Wars

In 490 BCE, In 490 BCE, Emperor Darius Emperor Darius sent ships to sent ships to Marathon Marathon (Greece) to (Greece) to punish Athens punish Athens for interfering in for interfering in Asia MinorAsia Minor

Asia Minor

Persians outnumbered Athenians 2 to 1Persians outnumbered Athenians 2 to 1

Athens won and sent a man back 26.2 Athens won and sent a man back 26.2 miles to Athensmiles to Athens

He told of the victory then died on the He told of the victory then died on the spotspot

In 480 BCE, Darius’ son Xerxes In 480 BCE, Darius’ son Xerxes

(ZERK SEEZ) wanted revenge(ZERK SEEZ) wanted revenge

Greeks unified to defeat Persians againGreeks unified to defeat Persians again

Delian League (Athenian led alliance with Delian League (Athenian led alliance with other Greek city-states) was formedother Greek city-states) was formed

B. Peloponnesian WarB. Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian League led by SpartaPeloponnesian League led by Sparta

War broke War broke

out in 431 BCE out in 431 BCE

between between

Sparta and Sparta and

Athens Athens

A plague broke out killing 1/3 of the people A plague broke out killing 1/3 of the people including Periclesincluding Pericles

Even the Persians helped Sparta defeat Even the Persians helped Sparta defeat Athens in 404 BCEAthens in 404 BCE